...Merck & Costa Rica Case Study Rory S Smith Ethics in Global Environment State University of New York Empire State College Introduction Companies globally are often times scrutinize for their business practices. They face strong opposition and public humiliation when they conduct their business in an unethical way. When companies operate globally, they must ensure they are operating in a socially responsible manner. Being socially responsible is not just giving back to the local community but to be aware of any unforeseen threats that may affect the business. Many countries around the world do not have strict laws governing the preservation of their natural resources. Global companies see this to their advantage to reap the natural resources and leaving back not an ounce of guilt, for a country’s social and economic instability caused by their actions. Industries like manufacturing, pharmaceutical and oil refinery, many corporations contribute to the injustice of violating human rights and the environment. As the business world and economy evolves into a free market enterprise, many corporations continue to demonstrate poor business practices and it is becoming difficult to hold them liable for their actions. Many corporations are also being very silent about their unjust business practices and have many ways to cover up any reported abuse. Countries that experience environmental violations, should impose strict regulatory policies so that...
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...Đào tạo TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC NGOẠI THƯƠNG COSTA RICA A brief study on public FDI facilitation by means of trade agreements and trade liberalization Nguyen Phuong Khanh Tung Student ID: 0951040062 ------------------------------ Costa Rica: A brief study on public FDI facilitation by means of trade agreements and future political adjustments. Abstract Being probably the most economically-advanced countries within the region of Central America, Costa Rica is a very interesting example of a how a developing country would manage and regulate its economic growth and stability, much thanks to its unique regime to attract and allocate FDI efficiently. Despite having little natural endowments and regional advantages, Costa Rica has ever since been the economic vanguard among the Latin America community for the last past half decade, with remarkable level of development within knowledge-intensive industries. Furthermore, the country’s early acceptance and adoption of various trade liberalization schemes have created a destination that a number of economists have been referring as ‘investment haven’ for exported products and services. The case of Costa Rica, henceforth, is exemplary for developing countries, not only in regard to attracting pure FDI, but also supervising its spillover effects as a means to stimulate the economy. This paper does not quantify in detail the effects, but rather focuses on a sweeping analysis on Costa Rica’s political historical and possible...
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...Farming Butterflies 5 A Day in the Life of a Butterfly Farmer 6 Country Analysis: Costa Rica 8 The Land 9 Plant and Animal Life 10 The People 11 Greetings and Courtesies 13 Business Culture 14 The Economy 16 Table 1 17 Graphs 1, 2 18 Finance 18 Table 2 19 Government 19 Education 20 Health and Welfare 20 Resources 21 Agriculture 21 Table of Contents (cont.) Industry 22 Trade 22 Transportation 23 Butterfly Beauties, Inc. Operations Equipment and Supplies 25 Employees 27 Marketing Butterflies 28 Exportation/Shipping 31 Conclusion 32 Works Cited 33 Butterfly Beauties brochure Appendix Butterfly Beauties, Inc. Butterfly Farming in Costa Rica Executive Summary While the name may seem somewhat "flighty," butterfly farming is a serious business opportunity. The demand for butterflies is increasing, and new butterfly houses and farms are opening worldwide. The marketing possibilities are exciting. For our venture, Butterfly Beauties, Inc., we have chosen to locate our butterfly farms in the beautiful Central American country of Costa Rica. The climate and plant life are perfect for raising butterflies, and the country has a stable economy...
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...Various Tourism Options in Costa Rica There are a multitude of reasons for a tourist to travel to Costa Rica; reasons that vary from a simple vacation, to adventure tourism, ‘sex tourism’, eco-tourism, or medical tourism. Costa Rica is a relatively new tourist selection. “In the 1960’s Costa Rica warily became aware that tourism could be an important source of income.” (Tourism in Costa Rica, 2012) Since that realization, Costa Rica has become a well-traveled area. They also remain a peaceful country and prove to be so by remaining military-free since 1948. “…That tiny nation of 2.5 million which has demonstrated for nearly forty years that a country can live in peace without an army…” (Walton, 1985) Vacation Escape, getaway, relaxation, and freedom are all words that describe vacation. Costa Rica provides all of these wants. Dictionary.com describes ‘vacation’ as, “a period of work, study, or other activity used for rest, recreation, or travel; recess or holiday.” (vacation. (n.d.)) One can find a beach to relax on, a beautiful, peaceful country to escape to, and the perfect place to be free and ‘get-away’ from all of the troubles that hassle them at home, in any area of Costa Rica. Costa Rica is a spectacular and unique spot to visit due to the volcanoes that are spread out through the country. Other activities that one can partake in include a new culture, off-roading, walking through the jungle, sightseeing, navigating through rainforest, zip lining, parasailing, and...
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...Arianne Cerize A. Aman The Meaning of Development: Brazil and Costa Rica Economic development is the presumed solution to absolute poverty and to many of the world's other most pressing problems. But what is development, and how do we know it when we see it? The term, development, has been used in several ways. Traditionally, it was equated with growth of per capita income. Since the 1970s, other indicators of development have become widely used by development scholars and development agencies such as the World Bank. The meeting of basic needs (or, equivalently, reduction in absolute poverty), the creation of modern employment opportunities, and the achievement of a less unequal distribution of income and farmland have all become important criteria in determining the level of development. Traditional measures of growth, especially in developing countries, may be misleading in that they fail to account for the environmental destruction that often accompanies spurts in temporary and unsustainable economic growth; and economists are devising measures of the national capital stock that includes environmental wealth. The United Nations has placed both educational attainment and health standards on equal footings with per capita income as development criteria, in the widely followed United Nations Development Program human development index (HDI). Some leading development scholars, such as Amartya Sen, Denis Goulet, and Dudley Seers, have gone further. They argue that more intangible...
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...underwear(1) from Costa Rica and six other countries.(2) The United States initiated consultations with the countries alleged to be damaging or threatening its industry with the intention of invoking the transitional safeguard provisions of the Agreement on Textiles and Clothing (ATC).(3) During the course of these consultations, three of the seven countries agreed to quantitative restrictions on the imported underwear that would be allowed into the United States. However, after failing to reach agreements with Costa Rica, Honduras, Thailand and Turkey, the United States in June 1995(4) introduced restrictions on the importation of cotton and man-made-fibre underwear backdated to take effect starting in March 1995. With the unilateral introduction of restrictions, the case was referred to the Textile Monitoring Body (TMB) for review and recommendations regarding the matter as required by the ATC. The TMB found that the United States had not demonstrated that its industry had suffered serious damage. However, it could not reach consensus on whether the existence of an actual threat of serious damage had been demonstrated, and thus recommended further consultations among the parties. The United States eventually reached agreements with Honduras, Thailand and Turkey after further consultations. However, the United States and Costa Rica were unable to reach a mutual understanding after consultations in August 1995 and November 1995. On 22 December 1995 Costa Rica began the dispute...
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...the Pyramid In order to sell a more expensive product, such as a bicycle, we need to make sure we aren't selling to a civilization that's on the base of the pyramid (earning $2000 or less per year). We would like to sell in an area where market participants earn in the second to top tier ranges in the pyramid. According to Trade Economics (2015), the per capita GDP's for our countries sit at: Japan- $37,595.18, Costa Rica- $5,962.38, and Pakistan- $818.87. Out of the three, the best country to go sell to is Japan if we are solely basing this on affordability. Costa Rica is in the second tier as preferred, but cutting it close to the base of the pyramid. Pakistan may not necessarily be able to afford our product as they sit at the base. Political Systems Japan is a constitutional monarchy which allows one branch of command to limit and balance the power of the monarch. Costa Rica is a democracy which is just like the United States. Pakistan is under a federal republic which is just a federation of states under democratic rule with sovereign citizens. As for Costa Rica and Pakistan, it may be easier to sell in regions with democratic influence. In modern forms of democracy it is easier for individuals and firms economically express their needs. Japan might be a bit of a harder sell....
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...niche tourism can fall into more specific categories where cultural, environmental, rural and urban sectors are different components to consider when understanding the concept niche tourism (Robinson and Novelli, 2005). Drawing on key literature about eco-tourism planning and how ecotourism is marketed, this report studies the ecotourism prospects in Costa Rica. It also examines elements impacting this specific type of niche which considers the consistent alterations to make the destination more sustainable for tourists. This report will firstly focus on understanding the concept of ecotourism and the principles implemented. This leads on to discussion for focusing on the case study of Costa Rica and how it has developed into an ecotourism destination. Furthermore, a critical discussion of the approaches undertaken by the country will be conveyed, alongside stakeholder and partnerships that play a crucial role of the management of the destination. Finally, discussion will centre on the future directions and recommendations for Costa Rica in relation to help provide growth and become a leading ecotourism destination. Costa Rica is a principle example of niche tourism that explores ecotourism through planning and...
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...Sustainable Development: Empowerment through Partnerships for Healthy Living CLAUDIA MARA VARGAS * I University of Vermont, Burlington, USA Summary. — This article seeks to take partnerships seriously. Specifically, it is concerned with the nature, opportunities, and challenges facing women’s nongovernmental organization (NGOs), which seek to make real contributions to sustainable development. It uses a case study of COFERENE, a successful women’s NGO in Costa Rica, to explore the nature of partnerships, the contextual factors that shape them, the successes that can be realized from their wise use, and the potential problems that may arise. There are lessons, both optimistic and cautionary, to be learned from COFERENE’S experiences. This article analyzes these lessons. In synthesis, partnerships are complex and demanding, though there are cases in which women’s NGOs have used them effectively to foster sustainable development. Ó 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. Key words — geographical focus: global, country specific: Costa Rica, sustainable development, partnerships, culture, nonprofits A woman said that her father was a street sweeper. If some people consider this a humble job, her opinion was that a person who has the job of picking up garbage is way superior to the person who throws away Author unknown garbage. 1 1. INTRODUCTION Although progress for women can be ascertained throughout the world in health, education, and labor, there is still much work to be done (Stromquist...
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...SURVIVAL TRAVELING Although, Costa Rica is one of the safest countries in the world in which to travel, tourists as well as all visitors, should be cautious just like anywhere across the globe. This chapter of Survival Trekking covers the basics of traveling safely and is intended for the adventure traveler. The purpose of this information is to assist the reader in becoming a “hard target” instead of “soft target” and a statistic we end up reading about in the newspapers. Although I use Costa Rica as the example, these techniques can be and should be applied anywhere in the world that you might travel, because crime and terrorism can happen anywhere, at any time. "If a criminal wants to get me, then there is nothing I can do to stop him." This attitude is typical of many travelers in foreign countries, but there are many things that we can do to prepare ourselves becoming less vulnerable to criminal and terrorist acts. The goal is to turn ourselves into “hard targets” instead of “soft targets,” thus making ourselves undesirable targets, which the would-be criminal will pass and go on to the next unfortunate person. Simply put, it’s like auto theft; if a car thief comes to your locked vehicle with the windows rolled up and an alarm system, then he will most likely go to the next vehicle looking for one that is not as secure. The same can be said for many types of criminal acts as criminals and terrorists look for soft targets that involve little risk and offer...
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...father started us off early, taking us on many journeys to help us understand that true knowledge comes only from experience. We took trips every winter break to Madrid, Mexico, Costa Rica, and to Jamaica and Trinidad, my parents’ homeland for Christmas. Silly things I remember from those trips include the mango chili sauce on the pork in Maui, the names of the women who gave out the towels by the pools in Selva Verde, Costa Rica, eating dinner at 10 p.m. in Spain. These were all tourist experiences that I, at first, found spellbinding. My truths were the truths of the tourist brochures: beautiful hotels, beaches, and cities. I did not see the blindfolds. I did not appreciate how being held hostage by the beauty of the surface—the beaches and cities—blinded me to the absence of Puerto Rican natives on the streets of San Juan; I did not understand how the prevalence and familiarity of English conspired to veil the beauty of the Spanish language beneath volumes of English translations. I learned more about these truths in my sophomore year of high school, when I was among a group of students selected to visit Cuba. My grandmother was born in Cuba, yet I had never thought to research my own heritage. I have remained the naïve American who saw Castro as some distant enemy of my country, accepting this as fact because this seemed to be the accepted wisdom. I soon became intrigued, however, with this supposed plague to my freedom, my culture, and everything good and decent. I began to...
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...lines. The population does not realize the massacre that sharks are victims of. Predators are controlling the ecosystems.The oceans are the life support system of the planet, change this life support would be a real threat. The world is afraid of sharks and do not see the importance to help sharks or to save them. The first help requires by sharks conservators are to consider sharks as a real animal and stop thinking that sharks are a threat. The population does not realize the facts. Sharks kill five people each year, elephants and tigers over one hundred per year. The first solution to the sharks conservation problem would be to change the mentality of the population. There is a mythology around sharks creating fear, but there is the same problem for wales with the legend of Mobidick. It is portrait as a monster of the seas. Asia population eat sharks because they think that sharks have powers to make them stronger because sharks do not often get sick. But there is Sand 1 no scientific fact to prove it and it's more a mythical story. But everything in the environment...
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...Spend a few minutes reading about Costa Rica and you'll quickly find that it's a country of extraordinary natural beauty. Verdant rainforests, misty cloud forests and bucolic hills and pastures cover much of the country. A tremendous diversity of birds, reptiles, amphibians and mammals can be found throughout the region. However, it's the volcanoes and other geologic features that truly make Costa Rica one of the most popular and beloved travel destinations in the world. Famous peaks like Arenal, Irazu and Rincon de la Vieja attract travelers and adventure-seekers from around the world, but there are other hidden gems to be found as well. The Miravalles volcano is a perfect illustration. (-- removed HTML --) A Paradise in Plain Sight (--...
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...We measured the biodiversity of plants in different places in Costa Rica. We did this in Costa Rica because Costa Rica is a country that puts a lot of emphasis on preserving the environment. We took a string that was approximately 1.5 meters long, formed it into a circle, and counted the number of species of plants and how many of each species there were within our circle. We then used the Simpson’s Index of Diversity to calculate the diversity. We did this at four sites including Monteverde (Site 1), Conversa near the picnic tables (Site 2), Manuel Antonio (Site 3), and Conversa above the trail (Site 4). My hypothesis was that Monteverde would have the most plant biodiversity because it is a cloud forest with plenty of precipitation. It is also protected so it should not be that influenced by humans. The results show that Manuel Antonio has the most plant diversity from the four locations with a Simpson Index of Diversity of .92.This result however, is skewed due to the evenness of the plants in Costa Rica. Introduction...
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...achieve a positive outcome. Even though no two people are alike, professionals are required to know various cultures and traditions from many different backgrounds. In order to meet the patient’s needs, these cultures must be explored and reviewed to become familiar with the traditions of each individual patient (Spector, 2014). During the interviews of three different cultures, the writer was intrigued that traditions vary from family to family. Culture is defined as the beliefs and customs of a particular group, place, or time (Spector, 2014). This paper will focus on current beliefs using heritage assessments; explore cultural beliefs, and health recovery of each culture discussed. Cultures represented are: Filipino, Italian, and Costa Rican. The Heritage tool is used to obtain the Health maintenance, promotion and restoration of families whose culture is reflected in everyday life. The Heritage assessment tool also helps to evaluate family support and relationships, therefore helping to assess if outside support is needed to achieve wellness with physical, emotional, and the spiritual aspects of their care. Filipino The Filipino culture is one of healthful food, such as chicken, vegetables, fruits and meats. Excellent hygiene is a priority for the Filipino culture. When not feeling well some chicken soup is just what the doctor ordered. Painful joints have a traditional ginger, coconut oil and guava leaf massage. If there is a wound, a guava leaf is boiled and...
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