...great and big America. The story evolves with Alaine, how she get bolder and more confident on her way to America, Alaine felt scared when they were ordered to change into a bigger boat, with more people on it. All of the people from Alanies city was on the boat, Alanie could not get that they would give up their good lives, to travel to America. When reaching America, their boat is stopped by the water police, saying that they have to stay in the boat. Aline and her family jumps out of the boat, into the water, but when they reach the shore they were welcomed by the police, and put in handcuff. They were sent to trial, and ordered back to Haiti, but Alines father pleaded to the judge, for his family to stay, because he was planning a coup d'etat at home, to gain freedom and rights in their city, though it failed, so sending them home, would mean sending them to their own graves. The judge had compassion with the father and lets Aline and her family stay, though sending her father home to Haiti. The story ends with Alanie and her family without their father, is in a room, scared, afraid and confused. They thought that it would be the land of opportunities, but in reality they would have had more opportunities back home in their...
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...scenarios of coups d’e´tat against the previous military regime. The occurrence of coups d’e´tat is a really common event that Thai elite have come to accept it as the general order of life. Since 1932 when the monarchy was overthrown as a result of the people’s revolution, there have been a total of 19 coups in Thailand, 14 of which occurred after the Second World War. Questions have been asked regarding where this spirit originates from. Some scholars have suggested that religion and particularly the majority Buddhism has a great role to play it. In this paper, I shall be looking at the intricacies of this issue and come up with a possible solution to the question; is Buddhism to blame? To begin with, the history of the politics and coups of Thailand is important to understand. The first coup d’e´tat occurred in 1932 and was a peaceful one which was conducted by the elite who were dissatisfied about the ruling principles of the monarchy then. However, in their search for democracy, the military remained loyal to the monarchy and has time and again overthrown the democratic government only to reinstate the monarchy. Even during the Japanese occupation of Thailand during the Second World War, the monarch was kept safe and shortly after the war, the elected Prime Minister was overthrown by the military to be replaced by the monarch, King Bhumibol Adulyadej. This extreme frequency of military overthrowing has led Thailand to be given its own special class above a coup state as its...
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...Pregnancy during the Dirty Wars The Dirty War in Argentina started as a result of economic and political insecurity that ensued from public disorder beginning in 1969 (Chasteen). The Dirty War lasted from 1976 to 1983 and began as a result of a military coup of a government that was put into action during the presidency of Isabel Martinez de Peron in 1974. The purpose of the military coup was to develop a stabilized government by systematically removing leftist activists, seen to be “terrorists” (Finchelstein). The Dirty War involved the systematic kidnapping, murder, and torture of thousands of citizens including pregnant women and children. The Dirty War involved kidnapping, murder, and torture of thousands of citizens that were virtually invisible to the public and as a result called "disappearances”. Captives from all walks of life were systematically tortured, raped and murdered, sometimes drowned and other times buried in mass graves. Approximately 30% of the disappeared were women. Some were abducted with their small children, and some were pregnant, or became so while in detention, usually through rape by guards and torturers (Finchelstein). Pregnant prisoners were routinely kept alive until they had given birth. Hundreds of pregnant women were forced to give birth in secret detention centers before “disappearing.” Subsequently their newborns were given to military families or allies, who raised them with a completely different identity. Many...
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...Self-determination vs. Aid imposition Joseph Liotta Colorado Technical University Author Note This paper was prepared for International Business: BADM350, DV33-01, taught by Dr. Hugo Villegas on June 2013. In “The Ugly American” we see two different types of ugly Americans. One is physically unattractive, Homer Atkins, while the other’s actions make him ugly, Ambassador Harrison Carter MacWhite. Homer Atkins and his wife, Emma, have more impact on the Sarkhanese people, than anyone else in the U.S. Embassy. Homer and his wife live among the Sarkhanese and work with them on a daily basis. They not only understand the language and culture, but they understand what the Sarkhanese people want and need. At one point, Homer tells Ambassador Harrison Carter MacWhite, that if he allows Homer to builds another hospital further away, the Sarkhanese would gladly build a road between the two places. He (Homer) believes in self-determination. If you give people a reason to do something that is in their best interest, they are more likely to do it; as opposed to a pro quid, pro quo situation. Ambassador Harrison Carter MacWhite believes that since the United States is giving so much financial aid to the people of Sarkhan, that the U.S. should be able to tell the Sarkhanese people to build a road where ever the U.S. wants them to. As an ambassador he lives behind guarded walls and throws extravagant parties. This is a far cry from the man he was, when he and Deong first...
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...This paper will argue that the Marxist framework of international relations — namely that economic interest determines politics and political structure, and that the goal of economic (and political) activity is the redistribution of wealth and power — provides the most effective explanation as to the driving force behind the US governments fateful decision. The paper will reconstruct the information available to the Eisenhower administration up to the planning and execution of Operation Ajax, as the coup came to be called by the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), so as to ascertain the key elements that would have factored into the governments foreign policy decision-making process prior to the event. It will then illustrate the aptness of Marxist theory, first, of its own accord, as well as through offering a comparative analysis of an alternative Realist theory. Finally, the paper will conclude by distinguishing between the US governments motivation versus its justification for the coup, thereby demonstrating not only why but also how this particular foreign policy decision was undertaken. Two prevailing theories have been posited to explain the rationale behind the US governments decision to topple the Iranian government in 1953. The first is a Realist notion, a key proposition of which is the balancing of power between states. This argument proposes that US...
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...a way to perpetuate the containment policy. Chile: The Other 9/11 (2003), color, 60 minutes. British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC).:d Nicholas White; p Nicholas White; c Chris Openshaw Chile: The Other 9/11 is a documentary by the BBC which details the hour-by hour events of the military coup that led General Augusto Pinochet to power during the Cold War. On September 11th, 1973 President Salvador Allende was warned of a possible rebellion but continued on to the Presidential Palace of La Moneda in Santiago, Chile. That day President Allende sent out a broadcast that he will not step down. Allende was the first Marxist to be democratically elected. He put into place reforms that raised wages, lowered prices, and advocated for free education and healthcare. He nationalized banks and industries such as American-owned copper mines which really infuriated President Nixon (White 2003). On September 11th, the military, led by the Commander of the Army General Augusto Pinochet, surrounded the palace demanding that President Allende transfer power to the military and police because of inflation, shortages, and inability to keep the peace. Weeks before this there was a failed coup because many members of the military did not support it. With the military surrounding the palace, General Pinochet orders the air force to destroy radio transmitters that broadcasted on behalf of Allende (White 2003). Pinochet offers Allende a safe...
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...“My majesty Mr. Queen Sir, horrible ministers and members of parliament, invented Guests, ladies under gentlemen. I hereby thank you completely…..Mr. Queen, sir; and also what he has done for me and my fellow Uganda who come with me.We have really eaten very much. And we are fed up completely: And also very thanks to you keenly open up from all windows: so that those plenty climates can come into lunch. But before I go back to my country with a plane from the Entebbe airport of London I wish to invitation you Mr. Queen, to become home to Uganda so that we can also revenge on you .You will eat a full cow: and also feel up your stomach and walk with difficult because of full stomach completely. Even when you want to rest at night; I will make sure that you sleep on top of me in the top up stairs of my mansion completely so that you can enjoy all the gravity of fresh air.“But now am sorry because I have to tell you that I have made a short call on you only. But next time I shall make a long call on you to last the whole moon completely. Thank you very much to allow me to undress you completely before these extinguished ladies under gentlemen sir.Lastly but not list, I ask the band to play our international anthem of the republic of Uganda and also the British international anthem…Your majesty sir, I thank you from the bottom of my heart and from the bottoms of all the people of Uganda .With this few words I thank you Sir. | Esther Nasikye, Idi Amin This post...
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...Mike Ledbetter 8 May 2009 History 162 Dr. Skuban Nationalism exists among nearly every individual living within any given nations borders. However, within said borders nationalist sentiment does not remain static. Individuals will often have dissimilar views as to what is best for the success of their country. Another factor, and one which will be examined in greater detail in this essay, is the role powerful political leaders play in altering their constituents national identity, whether through beneficial or repressive means, for political gain. The governments of Juan Domingo Perón, in Argentina and Augusto Pinochet, in Chile will provide the framework for this study. Both leaders exhibited staggering amounts of power and influence in their countries, though achieved by different means. Much study has been devoted to Perón and Pinochet, however two main sources will be referenced for this essay; “ Manana es San Perón: A Cultural History of Perón’s Argentina”, written by Mariano Ben Plotkin and “ A Nation of Enemies: Chile Under Pinochet “, written by Pamela Constable and Arturo Valenzeula. Both books examine each respective regime and the lengths they went to procure their nations national identity. The power wielded by Parón and Pinochet was truly astonishing and changed the political and cultural landscape not only of Argentina and Chile, but all of South America. Before examining the cases of Juan Perón and Augusto Pinochet one must first understand the historical...
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...Blowback and the Perception of Hatred for the Western World by the Middle Eastern/Muslim Community Introduction The concept of blowback refers to those unintended consequences which are suffered by the civil population of an aggressor government as a result of the covert operations of another government or international body. In the context of this research paper, the western world is portrayed as acting on intelligence to effect attacks against the Middle East, and the former emerges as the aggressor. To the affected civil population, the covert operations are perceived as random incidences of political violence, acts which have no justifiable cause. This perception can be attributed to the fact that the civil population is largely ignorant of the underlying causes that necessitated the attack or counter-attack. As a result, this perception creates sentiments of hatred for the western world with the common view being that the native Middle Eastern community is being victimized for its inherent cultural or religious beliefs. According to Brown, the concept of blowback was first coined by the Central Intelligence Agency and refers to the negative consequences of foreign policies that were kept secret by the agency from the American people (74). Brown notes that the frequent reports that are often aired by the media on the malign acts of terrorists, illegal arms merchants or drug lords are usually blowbacks from previous American Intelligence operations. This subsequently...
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...Topic – Russia : Assignment Question – Evaluate Petr Stolypin’s Reforms P.A. Stolypin was a pivotal political figure in the 1906-11 period. He became Minister of Internal Affairs in Russia from the spring of 1906, after the revolution of 1905. He combined this position with Russian Premier (Prime Minister) from 23rd July 1906 until his assassination in September 1911. Peter Waldron claims that after the "near downfall of the tsarist regime in 1905" Stolypin's reforms could "have changed the face of politics and society, yet they left the unreformed autocracy to face the onslaught of the First World War and it's attendant social and economic strains". Despite the latter, it seems erroneous to attribute total failure to Stolypin's reforms. After the devastating actions of Bloody Sunday in 1905, the Tsar Nicholas II had been given two choices, which was to repress or reform. To stay in control, he had chose to reform, as he thought that he could control the situation by creating useful reforms. The pressure of the revolution on the autocracy made the Tsar take drastic political action to appease the revolting classes. He had started of with the October Manifesto, a legislation which consisted of a number of points of reform drawn up under Weete, promising the people Civil liberties, Freedom of Speech, Freedom of assembly, and the promise that no laws were to be introduced without the agreement of the Duma. However, it was not necessary that the Duma should introduce legislation...
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...Annecia Analyse the impact of the Dumas on Russian society The announcement of the Dumas brought hopes that it would bring democracy to Russia, but the reality of it was that of the two chambers the Dumas had only on was elected by the Russian people. This meant that the Russian government still had significantly more say in the way Russia was ruled and they had effectively created a smoke screen hiding the fact that democracy was nowhere near being achieved in Russia. The second chamber was appointed by the Tsar and held a veto over any actions. In addition, the Tsar retained ‘Supreme Autocratic Power’, in effect, the Duma was neutered right from the start. Consequently making it hard for the Dumas to be seen as having a positive and significant impact on Russian Society. The first Duma was dissolved after two months when the government felt that the Duma complained too much and was intractable. For this Duma arguably the only impact they had on Russian society was to show that the Russian government was in no way ready to compromise and create a more democratic Russia. This is again reinforced by the fact that the second Duma only lasted from February to June 1917, and because of the actions of Kadet liberals shortly before, the election was dominated by extremely anti-government factions. Similar to the first, when this Duma opposed Stolypin’s reforms it too was dissolved again showing that in no way did the implementation of Dumas mean the democratisation of Russia. Despite...
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...How far did Russia change in the period 1906-1917? Political paragraph Political changes between 1906-1917 meant a change in the way the country was ruled and began to give some power to the people through the introduction of the Duma’s although the tsar opposed this unautocratic method of ruling. When the tsar released the October Manifesto it gave the people a form of representation never before seen in Russia’s autocratic history. This was brought about by the introduction of the first parliament known as the Duma. There were four Duma’s which all nationally represented the people during this time which took different approaches to the way they ran. The first Duma lasted only 72 days due to the hostility it portrayed against the Tsar and conflict amongst its members. The second Duma was even worse, it was known as ‘the Duma of national anger’ and throughout its power it held boycotts and attacks resulting in only a 3 month ruling. Stolypin changed the way elections for the Duma ran during for the third Duma and it began to run better with the government. The fourth Duma was interrupted by the First World War but lasted the duration. Although Russia was changing politically and the people were gaining national representation Nicolas II was still against this unautocratic way of running the country hence his introduction of the Fundamental law which meant any final decisions were down to the Tsar. This political changes from 1906-1917 were the start of power to the people although...
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...Did the 1905 Revolution seriously threaten the position of the Tsar? It could be argued that the "supposed" 1905 Russian Revolution seriously threatened the position of the Tsar as the outrage that was shown towards the Tsar and the government came from a wide range of classes from the society. The 1905 revolution was a result of huge public discontent by 3 main classes; the peasants, workers and the liberals. These groups were especially angry at the Tsar due to three main reasons; heavy taxation, poor living conditions for the workers and the humiliation the liberals felt from the defeat of the Russo-Japanese war which caused the public to riot and demand the Tsar to make changes. This is what makes us question whether the 1905 revolution ever really threatened the position of the Tsar as the Tsar still had the militaries loyalty which led to him being able to easily control the undivided oppositions which also helped the Tsar a lot as he was able to sort out the small opposition groups separately rather than one massive one. However, we can then question the amount of impact done to the Tsar which then proves how much the Tsar was threatened by the 1905 revolution. From this, we can clearly see how the Tsar was affected in the short term and the long term. As previously mentioned, the Tsar still maintained the loyalty of the army and the police which is an important factor as to why the 1905 revolution did not threaten the position of the Tsar. As the Tsar still...
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...continuously-inhabited cities in the world. In the Islamic era, Damascus was the seat of the Umayyad Caliphate and a provincial capital of the Mamluk Sultanate in Egypt. The modern Syrian state was established after World War I as a French mandate, and represented the largest Arab state to emerge from the formerly Ottoman-ruled Arab Levant. It gained independence as a parliamentary republic on 24 October 1945 when Syria became a founding member of the United Nations, an act which legally ended the former French Mandate – although French troops did not leave the country until April 1946. The post-independence period was tumultuous, and a large number of military coups and coup attempts shook the country in the period 1949–71. Between 1958–61, Syria entered a brief union with Egypt, which was terminated by 1961 Syrian coup d'état. The Arab Republic of Syria came into being in late 1961 after December...
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...4 per cent. in 1964 to about 20 per cent. in 1974” (Story 417). Both of these economic factors did nothing to help out the citizens in Portugal. The deflation caused depression which led to massive unemployment all through out the country. Due to the lack of jobs many people left the country and the ones who stayed were living in a country that was clearly not economically stable, and didn’t seem to be changing any time soon. In the sixties, when the country’s inflation was on the rise, prices for common goods soared and the worth of the Portuguese currency fell. Economic stagnation and failure is a long-term factor that went into why the Carnation revolution came when it did. While it may not have been enough to cause a revolution and a coup on its own, it added to the kindling when there were other events that frustrated the populous in years to...
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