...Hospitals in the United States of America emerged from almshouses that provided care and custody for the ailing poor. Rooted in this tradition of charity, one of the 1st noted hospital opened in 1736. Bellevue Hospital in New York City was home to a 6 bed ward. The hospital as we know it today started to emerge about 60 years ago, beginning around the time of the civil war. The war itself kicked off the need for professional nursing, specialized departments and services. Doctors were in high demand. But was technology keeping up with the growing need for medical attention? Let’s look at how a setting a broken bone has changed over the years. The early writings of Hippocrates suggest that wooden splints were used to immobilize the bone. The ancient Greeks were known to use waxes and paste to create stiff bandages. Arabians were known to use sea shells and egg whites to stiffen bandages. During the Civil War amputations were common place to keep infections down. Open, dirty wounds were prone to gangrene in the battlefield. Hiram Winnett Orr is one of 3 credited with the invention of the modern day cast. During WWI he worked with a gentleman named Dr. Alexis Carrel together they pioneered wound care with the idea that without...
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...with dismal end then with a story of prosperous life and happy ending. Coming to New World mostly in search for a good partner, as “tobacco brides” or being simply deported as undesirable citizens, women died from starvation, malaria or Indian attacks. Some women sailed across the ocean as indentured servants and suffered from the cruelty of their masters. There were, of course, stories of success such as with the Brent sisters. Unmarried, they ran Maryland colony during crises. Margaret Brent became to be known as the nation’s first lawyer and the first colonial woman who demanded the right to vote. Although, not being a settler, a young noble Indian women Pocahontas was a figure of no small importance. She not only provided struggling colonist with food, but also brought peace between settlers and Algonquin tribe by the act of marriage with John Rolfe. Although women didn’t hold office or vote, they played an active role in the South colonies. Sarah Drummond, Sarah Grendon and Lydia Chisman came to prominence during Bacon Rebellion as a strong rulers and advocates of their husbands. Male dominance began to weaken. Chapter 2. Women were legally vested a right to operate business and perform jobs such as merchants, printers and doctors, but were paid much less for performing the same duties as men. Ann Hutchinson, who opposed Puritan authority, was the most famous dissident in early colonial history. She was banished from Massachusetts and moved to New York where she found...
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...Underlying the U.S. Drug Policy “Drugs and Society: U.S. Public Policy,” edited by Jefferson M. Fish (2006) offers insight that would be helpful in future drug reform policies. In this book, Fish goes through an extensive history of drug policy in America, the influence of missionaries on drug policy and law, the nature of creating criminalization of addiction, the traditional justifications offered by pharmaceutical industry and psychology experts and in conclusion, he suggests that all of these are used to cover up deeper societal issues that existed previous to drug-induced conditions and that drug users are the “scapegoats” for all the wrongs in our society today. One of the core issues that Fish presented is the effect of America history on drug policy and regulation. The beliefs of Christian missionaries, which originated in the opium control policies in the Dutch colonies, helped to drive the control of the use of narcotics (Fish, 2006). Many religious-minded people who believe behavior plays a key role in maintaining social order also instigated prohibition of alcohol. Nonetheless, these people have neglected the economic impact that these inhibitions may do to our society and that the government’s involvement may actually create and perpetuate a larger concern of all of society than the mere misbehavior by the users of the substance (Fish, 2006). Throughout the book, Fish explored the various facets of how U.S. drug policy has not alleviated the problems it sought...
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...football field, shaping perceptions of athletes as proponents of social change. Especially during the tumultuous era of the 1960s, Brown left an enduring impact due to his commitment to activism, civil rights, and community engagement, inspiring discussions that last today about athlete advocacy. However, his legacy was tainted with accusations of sexual assault, leaving questions about his true impact on sports, politics, and the broader culture of America. Jim Brown shaped perceptions of athletes as advocates for social change through his excellence in football and acting, his activism, and the controversial legacy he left behind, which includes accusations of sexual assault. Despite these allegations tarnishing his legacy, Brown's impactful activism during the Civil Rights Movement and his lasting influence on athlete activism underscore his significant role in shaping societal perspectives on social change. Before the success that Jim Brown found in activism, it is crucial to understand his backstory. Jim Brown was raised in an all-black family on the island of St. Simon, Georgia to father Swinton Brown, a professional boxer, and his mother who was a housekeeper. Later, his family relocated to Manhasset, New York, when Brown was just eight. There he went to Manhasset High School, finding success in the school's football and basketball teams, averaging 38 points per game (Howard). During his time at Syracuse University, Brown was a versatile athlete, excelling at football, basketball...
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...Dr. Shouleh Vatanabadi Middle Eastern Cultures 11 December 2013 Marriage and Sexuality in Midaq Alley Naguib Mahfouz’s Midaq Alley, set in Cairo during the late years of World War II, was revolutionary and avant-garde not only structurally in the sense that it came to define a paradigm for the modern Arab novel, but also culturally given that it openly addresses issues of marriage and sexuality in Egyptian society. Through relationships between male and female characters, Mahfouz heavily criticizes traditional societal views on the role of women and homosexuality. The characters Salim Alwan and Kirsha are male archetypes whose violent dysfunctional relationships with their wives serve to criticize the greater societal issue of subjugation of women. Meanwhile, Hamida’s various engagements with Abbas, then Salim Alwan, then Ibrahim Faraj, reveal attitudes of extreme disrespect toward women and even unequal treatment for women before the law. Finally, though difficult to sympathize with, Kirsha nonetheless draws the reader’s pity as he is victimized by an anti-homosexual society that prevents him and his family from living fulfilled lives. Kirsha and Salim’s domineering treatment of their wives sheds light on the plight of married women in Egyptian society. Throughout the novel marriage is presented as an emotionless contract rather than a loving mutual relationship. The blunt causal structure of Kirsha’s reasoning in the statement, “I am a man. I am free.” implies...
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...The year is 1959, a pivotal moment in American cultural history, when rock and roll was giving birth to the Sexual Revolution and everything in America culture was about to be turned upside down. Record companies were releasing more than a hundred singles every week and the country was about to explode. Grease, generally considered a trivial little musical about The Fabulous Fifties, is really the story of America’s tumultuous crossing over from the 50s to the 60s, throwing over repression and tradition for freedom and adventure (and a generous helping of cultural chaos), a time when the styles and culture of the disengaged and disenfranchised became overpowering symbols of teenage power and autonomy. Originally a rowdy, dangerous, over-sexed, and insightful piece of alternative theatre, Grease was inspired by the rule-busting success of Hair and shows like it, rejecting the trappings of other Broadway musicals for a more authentic, more visceral, more radical theatre experience that revealed great cultural truths about America. An experience largely forgotten by most productions of the show today. Like Hair before it and The Rocky Horror Show which would come a year later, Grease is a show about repression versus freedom in American sexuality, about the clumsy, tentative, but clearly emerging sexual freedom of the late 1950s, seen through the lens of the middle of the Sexual Revolution in the 1970s. It’s about the near carnal passion 1950s teenagers felt for their rock...
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...became silent. He never thought that Amna had already gone. After a while he answered that she is sick and lies in the hospital. He innovated a white lie. He said that she was pregnant and her health became weaker because of her late pregnancy, so doctors decided to abort the embryo. Salem was absent minded when he was asked many confusing questions about his mother. It was the end of the visit, while he was worrying about the conversation he did .Naem requested from Um-Fawzy to ask her son, Fawzy who is a captive with Salem to take the responsibility of telling him in the prison after the end of the visit. This is how things started and ended. He walked through prison’s corridors after the end of the visit, while he was imagining the pain the boy would feel when he knew about the catastrophe. Alone! He will remember his memories and sorrows. Amna died and she could not hug her son, she was dreaming about that moment. The...
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...Life Span Development in Cambodia Crystal M Rowe Harper College March 5th 2012 Cambodia is an amazing country that has overcome much recent adversity. It is a ideal recent example to study human development in a redeveloping country. In fact as far as my research has taken me there is no published research on human development or transition to adult hood in Cambodia. The country of Cambodia or officially known as the Kingdom of Cambodia located in the southern portion of the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia. Its total landmass is 181,035 square kilometers (69,898 sq mi), bordered by Thailand to the northwest, Laos to the northeast, Vietnam to the east and the Gulf of Thailand to the southwest [ (Wikipedia) ]. Cambodia has a population size of approximately 14.8 million with the official religion is Theravada Buddhism which is practiced by about 95% of the total countries population. Cambodia is one of poorest and least developed country in the region. In 2003 Cambodia is ranked 130th out of 175 countries worldwide and the human development index was 0.556. Cambodia largest city is Phnom Penh was originally colonization by the French and has grown to become the nation's center of economic ,industrial, political and rich in cultural heritage. It was once know more commonly known as the "Pearl of Asia". Little attention has been given to life span development in Cambodia. In this paper we will go though and discuss all phases of human development from prenatal...
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...Chris Bosch Ghana Country report Professor Shuman 12-10-15 “Ghana” What does one think of when they think of Ghana? of sprawling untouched grasslands lands and packs of healthy animals, which bring a healthy flow of tourism into the lands? or a bustling modern city with all the amenities one could dream of? In reality, Ghana is a struggling country in regards to their health infrastructure and economy. There are many reasons as to why Ghana is in the state it is in today. From colonialism to the rather recent gaining of their independence, Ghana is a relatively new country and it is no surprise that they are currently experiencing growing pains. Because of these growing pains it has resulted in a domino like effect, influencing all facets of the nation. A clearer picture one should paint of the country of Ghana is a nation divided between modern and old, rich and poverty stricken, Westerners and natives. These demographics are essential in the dividing of the country for the issues it faces today are complex and need a well planned all reaching solution to curb the current trends in Ghana today. With that being said, Ghana is a country in the process of modernizing their current platforms/infrastructure but with this growth still come a variety of healthcare issues and diseases such as HIV and Malaria that need attention if this trends are to be curbed. Before one can delve further into the current health issues plaguing the nation of Ghana it is imperative to have...
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...a poor mining town. "Whatever I forget," he later said, "I shall not forget the Haggs, a tiny red brick farm on the edge of the wood where I got my first incentive to write." Lawrence's mother was from a middle-class family that had fallen into financial ruin, but not before she had become well educated and a great lover of literature. She instilled in young Lawrence a love of books and a strong desire to rise above his blue-collar beginnings. His working-class background and the tensions between his parents provided the raw material for a number of his early works. As a child, D.H. Lawrence found it arduous to fraternize with other young men; He was physically frail and frequently susceptible to illness, a condition exacerbated by the dirty air of a town surrounded by coal pits. Contradictory to the other boys in his town, he was not athletically admirable and had no predilection to supersede his father’s footsteps as a miner. Instead, he matured...
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...The role of NGOs in economics and politics NGO’s are non government organizations. They work for welfare of people without any greed of money or profit. · Politicians barely do anything for the country. NGO’s are there to fill those gaps. · They are well known as building blocks of the global community and as contributors to economic production, employment, institutional innovation, and technology. · They work for the people and enjoy support of a lot of people. They support people and work represents their voice. · In most cases NGO’s prove to handle issues much better than the government, however, they cannot replace the government. · Even today, unfortunately there many NGO’s that produce fake papers and work and take support from government. · If NGO’s can work for people’s interest without any intention of money and profit, they can be a better substitute of the government. China market - a threat to Indian market China has always been compared to India in terms of population and technological advancements. China undoubtedly has a humongous software market, but is definitely not a threat. · India has its own unique power and intelligence. · Indian IT companies have captured Asia and Japan as well. · India is becoming one of the world’s largest internet and mobile user’s country. · India’s mobile market is growing by leaps and bounds. · Most countries prefer employees from India rather than China because of communication barrier. English is spoken...
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...Model Marriage A Marriage Counselling Handbook by Dag Heward-Mills ***** Copyright 2005 Dag Heward-Mills E mail Dag Heward-Mills info@daghewardmillsbooks.org evangelist@daghewardmills.org Find out more about Dag Heward-Mills at: http://www.daghewardmills.org Unless otherwise stated, all Scripture quotations are taken from the King James Version of the Bible CONTENTS Acknowledgements Introduction Section 1 – THE BELOVEDS 1. The Beloveds 2. The Official Recognition of Your Relationship by the Church 3. Counselling the Beloveds Section 2 – THE FUNDAMENTALS 4. Definition of Marriage 5. Biblical Reasons for Marriage Section 3 – THE RELATIONSHIP 6. The God-Type of Marriage 7. The Christian Home 8. Love in Marriage 9. Communication in Marriage 10. Faithfulness and Unfaithfulness in Marriage Section 4 – THE DUTIES 11. Duties of the Husband 12. Duties of the Wife 13. The Total Wife 14. Home Keeping and House Helps 15. Principles of Finance in Marriage Section 5 – UNDERSTANDING THE TEMPERAMENTS 16. Introduction to the Temperaments 17. What it means to have a Sanguine Husband or Wife 18. What it means to have a Choleric Husband or Wife 19. What it means to have a Melancholic Husband or Wife 20. What it means to have a Phlegmatic Husband or Wife Section 6 – THE PROBLEMS AND THE SOLUTIONS 21. Problem-Solving in Marriage 22 In-Laws 23. The Step Home 24. What Every Christian Should Know about Divorce Section 7 – THE MASTER KEY OF ACCEPTANCE ...
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...Table of Content 1. Introduction .................................................................................................. 1 2. Causes of the Booming Sex Industry .......................................................... 2 3. Economic implications of Sex Industry...................................................... 3 3.1. Thailand ................................................................................................. 3 3.2. Philippines .............................................................................................. 5 4. Social implications of Sex Industry ............................................................ 8 4.1. Moral Implications ................................................................................ 8 4.2. Child Prostitution .................................................................................. 9 4.3. Sex Trafficking and Slavery ............................................................... 10 4.4. Health and Cost Issues ........................................................................ 11 5. Recommendations ...................................................................................... 14 6. Conclusion ................................................................................................... 17 7. References ................................................................................................... 18 1. Introduction The sex industry involves the sale of sex related...
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...LAS Disposables Ciudad Juárez March 13, 2015 Femicide and Structural Violence against Women in By: Craig Serpa LAS DISPOSABLES PAGE 1 ! Introduction Much research has been produced attempting to describe and subvert femicide in Ciudad Juárez, but perhaps the most accurate description of the gendered violence can be found in an American political cartoon. A maquiladora, or Mexican border assembly/ processing plant, stands alone among rolling hills littered with gravestones in the shape of the symbol of Venus. The graves extend to the horizon line in all directions, seemingly endless. From the viewer’s position in the lower right corner of the cartoon they can discern details on the nearest grave: the top arch of the hand mirror reads “femicide”; it’s handle, “over 370 killed and counting”; a small altar of flowers, bread, and a prayer candle rest at its base. Caricatures of a police officer, politician, Uncle Sam, and cartel boss shift nervously in front of a mugshot height chart. They look at the viewer and the sky but never at the graves, symbolically refusing to acknowledge their role in the women’s murders. The intricate detail given to the usual suspects and graves overshadows the women themselves. The factory workers are only suggested by a female skeleton, her gender marked with long curly hair, hangs out of the window of a bus driving to the factory. She glances over her shoulder and makes uncomfortable eye contact with the viewer, her gaze asking how...
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...Section 1 Medicine and treatment Chapter 3: Extension study: Medicine and public health from Roman Britain to c1350 3.1 The Romans and approaches to medicine Exam practice question 1 (page 17) The Romans believed that disease was caused by an imbalance in the Four Humours. They believed that the body was made up of black bile, yellow bile, blood and phlegm, and that too much or not enough of one of these would cause illness. A fever, for example, showed that you had too much blood. This belief was developed by Galen from the work of Hippocrates, an Ancient Greek doctor. The Romans also believed that bad air could cause disease. They thought it was important to build cities and settlements away from swamps and marshes. This would have helped them avoid diseases like malarias which were caused by mosquitoes, but they didn’t understand why. The Romans also believed that dirt and sedentary lifestyles caused disease, because they encouraged the population to bathe regularly and exercise in the bath house. However, they would not have understood why this kept people healthy. Exam practice question 2 (page 18) In some ways the influence of Hippocrates on Roman medicine was extremely important. Hippocrates’s teachings included the theory of the four humours, which taught that the body was made up of four elements and too much of one of these would cause illness. He also taught the importance of clinical observation: watching a patient very carefully and keeping detailed...
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