Claim:
Data: Start[ “Halima is an 11-year-old girl who clips loose threads off of Hanes underwear in a Bangladeshi factory.1 She works about eight hours a day, six days per week. She has to process 150 pairs of underwear an hour. At work she feels “very tired and exhausted,” and sometimes falls asleep standing up. She makes 53 cents a day for her efforts. Make no mistake, it is a rough life. Any decent person’s heart would go out to Halima and other child employees like her. Unfortunately, all too often, people’s emotional reaction lead them to advocate policies that will harm the very children they intend to help. Provisions against child labor are part of the International Labor Organization’s core labor standards. Anti-sweatshop groups almost universally condemn child labor and call for laws prohibiting child employment or boycotting products made with child labor.”
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APA: Benjamin Powell. “A Case Against Child Labor Prohibitions” Cato Institute. July 29, 2014. Retrieved: http://www.cato.org/publications/economic-development-bulletin/case-against-child-labor-prohibitions
Credibility:

Psy. & Social H. 3

Disadvantage: Harm Psychological and Social
Claim:
Data: “ physical and psychological hazards” First aid training appeared to reduce participant willingness to accept prevailing levels of occupational safety and health risk and increase the perceived probability that they would suffer a work-related injury or illness. Participants expressed greater concern about taking risks at work after receiving first aid training. From the above findings the study suggests that first aid training can have a positive preventive effect and could complement traditional occupational health and safety training programs and also there may be benefit in providing first aid training to all employees rather than limiting the training to a small number of designated first aider . Children who are in risky job fields have no opportunity to build their natural psychosocial health. Long working hours breed their feeling of frustration and inadequacy. Their involvement in risky work resists eventually in building their emotional cognitive skills and they become withdrawn, introvert and uncommunicative. A significant portion of the children working at construction and welding sector are suffering from psychological immaturity and overall 40 percent child laborers are affected by abnormal psychological growth. They are also deprived of the special care that would be required for their psychological effects. Child laborers are typically paid less than adults in all varieties of jobs even though they perform the same work and have to work beyond normal working hours. According to Khair (2005), children receive pathetic amounts that are hardly commensurate to the labor they put in. Indeed, based on our survey, the average income of the child laborers is around 50 taka, and only 17.5 percent get paid more than 60 taka for more than 10 hours or work a day. In most cases, the children‟s income is not spent for their own devel

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Disadvantage: Harm 1 Physical health

Claim:
Data: Fair trade and child labor ( shima baradaran & Stephanie Barclay)
Bonded labor47 has historically been common among tobacco tenants and their families, including children.48 Children often accompany parents to work in tobacco fields for several weeks, living in abhorrent conditions.49 They cannot choose how long to remain on the farms, and they are not free to go until they have paid their debts to the company.50 The cocoa industry, which is also a highly labor intensive agricultural industry,51 provides another troubling example of uses of the worst forms of child labor.52 A 2002 study estimated that over 600,000 children were involved in cocoa farming in Côte d’Ivoire, the world’s largest cocoa producer.53 A more recent ILO study in Ghana suggests that the number of independent child laborers with no family connection may be as high as one third of the working children. The hazardous working conditions for children include carrying heavy loads, handling chemicals and pesticides, and using dangerous tools—not to mention physical abuse and inadequate food. As with tobacco, cocoa is a labor intensive industry with little machine use; this is cited as one cause of increased use of child labor in this sector. There are many reasons that child labor remains a persistent global problem. Indeed, the United Nations has observed that “no single factor can fully explain the persistence of child labor. However, only by understanding the predominant causes of child labor is it possible to identify a solution that makes significant progress in addressing the issue.
Warrant

Psy. & Social H. 2
Dis Adv . Phsycological and Socail
Claim:
Data: https://www.continuetolearn.uiowa.edu/laborctr/child_labor/about/health_issues.html
Long hours of work on a regular basis can harm children’s social and educational development.
U.S. adolescents who work more than 20 hours per week have reported more problem behaviors (e.g., aggression, misconduct, substance use), and sleep deprivation and related problems (falling asleep in school). They are more likely to drop out of school and complete fewer months of higher education.
The unconditional worst forms of child labor (e.g., slavery, soldiering, prostitution, drug trafficking) may have traumatic effects, including longer term health and socioeconomic effects.
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Dis. Adv. Harm 1: Physical Health
Claim:
Data: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3425238/
Mental well being is less frequently researched in child labor. A retrospective cohort study in Morocco randomly examined 200 children working in the handicraft sector and found a high prevalence of respiratory, digestive and skin conditions, as well as mental health presentations such as migraines, insomnia, irritability, enuresis and asthenia.
In a cross-sectional survey, urban Lebanese children aged 10–17, working full-time in small industrial shops, were compared with non-working matched school children. Majority of them had poor physical health, predominantly marked with skin lesions or ear complaints and social care needs. Similarly, authors aimed to find out consequences in children in Lebanon exposed to solvents, and found significantly higher rates of lightheadedness, fatigue, impaired memory and depression compared with a non-exposed group. A cross-sectional study in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, used diagnostic interviews to assess prevalence of mental disorders in 528 child laborers and street workers, child domestics and private enterprise workers aged between 5 and 15 years. The prevalence of mental disorders was noted to be as high as 20.1% compared with 12.5% in the general population. Further study to establish the association between labor-related variables and mental health problems was carried out among 780 children engaged in labor (aged 9–18 years) in the Gaza Strip. Mental health problems of children in labor were likely to be associated with socioeconomic determinants as well as factors related to their underage employment.
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Dis. Adv. 1 Physical Health
DATA: Child labor (1) is the most prevalent source of child exploitation and child abuse in the world today. (2) At least 250 million children between the ages of five and fourteen (3) are working in developing countries. (4) Approximately 120 million of these children work full-time, and tens of millions of these children work under oppressive, (5) exploitative, (6) and hazardous, (7) conditions. (8) According to recent global estimates by the International Labor Organization (ILO), the majority of the world's working children are found in Asia (61%), followed by Africa (32 %) and Latin America and the Caribbean (7%). (9) Africa, the world's poorest region, has the highest incidence of child workers--approximately 40%--while the corresponding figure for Asia and Latin America is about 20%. (10) The United Nations Children's Fund ("UNICEF") estimates that hundreds of millions of children worldwide under the age of fifteen are employed. (11)
WARRANT:
APA: https://www.questia.com/library/journal/1G1-83046926/child-labor-prohibitions-are-universal-binding-and
Credibility:

Advantage 1: Children are able to help parents with income

Claim: http://www.extremology.com/2013/03/5-positive-sides-of-child-labor.html
Data: “ A very cruel, yet very common scenario in poor countries is that parents considering their children as only reliable source of income. When rich society faces this cruel reality they simply raise their voice and go against it without any second thought. But believe me, income from children can be huge supportive for poor families. In developing countries family income always has been below poverty level and lifestyle remained worst and uncomfortable. Moreover in most cases weak or sick elder members cannot afford medication, accommodation, food and all other basic human needs. To ease the situation some income from mature children can have a big impact on family. At least minimum life style can be ensured with that income. Therefore, I am very much in favor of child labor. But Children should work during leisure and vacations to not hamper their education.
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Psy.& Social 1

Disadvantage : Harm psychological and social

Claim:
Data: Child labor is a problem worldwide, but it particularly affects children in developing countries. Child labor is characterized by full-time work at too early of an age, and too many hours spent working. The work often exerts undue physical, social, or psychological stress, hampers access to education, and may be detrimental to social and psychological development. The ILO’s Statistical Information and Monitoring Program on Child Labor recently estimated that 211 million children, or 18 % of children aged 5-14, are economically active worldwide. 60% of these working children live in Asia, and 23% live in sub-Saharan Africa. Most economically active children are employed in agriculture. For example, in Nepal, 85% of economically active children are in agriculture. In Cambodia, the rate is 73% while in Morocco it is 84%.(16)
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