...HS 3001 LEADERSHIP AND CHANGE Critically analyse the effectiveness of leadership in the NHS Summary This essay will discuss and critically analyse the effectiveness of leadership role of senior nurses in the NHS. The essay will examine the definition of leadership, different theories of leaderships and how it can be implicated to nursing practice including changes that should be made to make nursing leaders more effective in NHS health care settings. Leadership is an important topic that is highly looked at in NHS. Policy makers approves that nurses have a leadership responsibility in clinical and managerial aspects of things in health care settings. Introduction There are so many different definition of leadership. According to Alimo-metcalfe and Lawler (2001) which stated ‘there is no single, robust definition of leadership available within UK organisations today’. Also according to Huber (2006) ‘leader use their power to bring teams together, spark innovation, create positive communication and drive forward toward group goals’ However, the most common definition that is used is by Northouse (2004), This defined leadership as ‘a process whereby an individual influences a group of individual to achieve a common goal’. This definition confines the fundamental nature of leadership but at the same time it has acknowledged that due to wild ranges of leadership perspective, there will be many definitions of what leadership means depending on the importance of personal...
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...How to Critically Analyse Psychological Research Table of Contents The Theory 2 The Research Rationale 2 The Participants 2 The Design and Procedure 2 1. Research method 2 2. Lab vs field research 2 3. Demand characteristics 3 4. Experimenter bias 3 6. Social desirability 3 7. Validity of the experimental manipulation 3 8. Stimulus sampling 4 9. Reliability and validity of measures of the independent and/or dependent variables 4 10. Confounding variables in 4 11. Order of items/events 4 The Statistical Analyses 5 1. Excluded participants 5 2. Missing data 5 3. Validity and reliability of dependent variables 5 4. Sufficient statistical power 5 5. Statistical assumptions 6 6. Correct use of inferential statistics 6 7. Correct interpretation of analyses 6 8. Alternative analyses 6 The Discussion 6 1. Alternative explanations 6 2. Cause-effect ambiguities 6 3. Third variable 7 4. Mediators and moderators 7 5. Replication 7 6. Interaction or main effect?: 7 Place the Research in the Context of Similar Research 8 Suggestions for Future Research 8 Inappropriate Criticisms 8 1. Criticizing the article rather than the research 8 2. Ethical criticisms 8 3. Incomplete criticisms 8 4. Criticisms of the reliability or effectiveness of methodology that produced the predicted results 9 5. Random allocation of participants to conditions 9 How Not to Use this Document! 10 Structuring a Critical...
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...“Entrepreneurs are born not made.” Critically analyse this statement with reference to the literature and to your experience of entrepreneurship. This essay aims to evaluate the various traits identified with entrepreneurs, and then establish whether entrepreneurs are born with these traits, or whether, they are shaped and developed through their life experiences. Put simply the purpose of this essay is to establish whether entrepreneurs are ‘born or made’. This essay focuses on two distinct schools of researchers in the field of entrepreneurship: The more traditional group of researchers has focused on the personality characteristics of the individual, the internal factors, whilst a second group of researchers have taken a social cognitive approach. They look at the relationship between an individual and his or her environment. The external factors include culture, role models, work experience, education, and environment. This essay looks at the early definitions of an entrepreneur, evaluates the literature which supports the theory that entrepreneurs are ‘born’, and also evaluates the proposal that there is a relationship between the individual entrepreneur and their social environment, that is, entrepreneurs are ‘made’. Cantillon (1756) defined the entrepreneur as engaging in business without an assurance of profits; thus the bearing of risk being the distinguishing feature of an entrepreneur. Jean Baptiste Say expanded on this by making the entrepreneur the pivot of the...
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...Ricardo Semler is one of the greatest business managers of all times in the Brazilian city Sao Paulo. After joining his father in the company it was his father's believe that if his son does not work for him he will do so for someone else. But to maintain him in the company the father had to resign as the CEO and handed over the vast business to his younger son who was only 21 by then and had just graduated from Harvard Business School. Initially his father used the traditional style of management but his son was to use a more centralize leadership method. To effect this he started by firing all the top managers of the company on the day he started working as the CEO and introducing young innovative minds of whom he knew would adapt easily to his style of management. Having been introduced to run his father’s enterprises immediately after graduating from a business school he moved on to introduce great changes in the working environment and ended up having the best productive workforce. With a turnover of less than $ 4 million at his entry he led the company to an annual turnover of $ 212 million in 2003. When you treat your employees like adults they purely behave like adults and hence they become more productive and dedicate themselves to the work environment. With these changes he allowed and encouraged the employees to evaluate themselves and their managers as well. They were also encouraged to rate themselves as to how much they should be paid and learn each other’s jobs...
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...Critically analyse as to what extent the corporate veil has maintained a separate legal identity between a corporation and its incorporators and critically assess as to whether t ‘piercing of the veil’ doctrine has served its purpose. The case of Saloman v Saloman established the principle that the company is a separate legal identity from its share holders or owners. This simply means at law the company is viewed as a separate being from its incorporators. A company may incur a debt and only the company will be liable for that debt its incorporators will not have to reach into their personal assets to relieve the company of that debt even if they are in sole control of that company. This principle has coined the term “the veil of corporation”. The veil of corporation has been a strict rule in company law, however there have been instances where the courts are willing to pierce this veil and view a company and its incorporators as a single entity. The extent to which the courts will uphold the principle in Salomon will be discussed below. In Macaura v Macaura Macaura exchanged his timber and estate for shares in a company, the timber was insured in his name and subsequently got burnt, Macaura neglected to have the timber insured in the company’s name hence the insurers said he had no claim to the timber. Macura followed the decision in Soloman however my point of focus is on Lord Wrenburys statement “The corporator even if he holds all the shares is not the corporation”...
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...To what extent has popular music culture challenged dominant gender norms? Critically analyse with reference to relevant literature and examples Traditional dominant gender norms state that women are feminine in appearance, including everything from their hair down to their shoes and of course their demeanour, voice and behaviour. The traditional man would be that who is strong and rugged with a deep voice and who is overtly masculine without a hint of make up or traditionally feminine clothing. It has been decades since these norms have begun to alter and be challenged as both sexes began experimenting with gender and identity through the medium of music. By looking at different music genres throughout the ages I will attempt to show how popular music has broken down social barriers and in my opinion has succeeded in challenging gender norms to a point where the perceptions of what is socially acceptable have been altered. Before delving into the world of rock and roll it is noteworthy that the music industry was like any other business, a typically male environment in which women were not expected to survive. The music industry and specifically the Rock genre were sexually focused from the very early stages, as far back as the 40’s and 50’s. Rock music posed a question of morality and was perceived as shocking and dangerous because of its explicit sexual overtones. An example of these first steps in the scene would be Elvis whose gold, tight outfits and pelvic thrusts...
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...Q. Critically analyse the article for the meaning of strategic human resource management and identify the factors impacting on strategic human resource management in contemporary organisations. Before an argument can be put in place about whether human resource management (HRM) can be strategic, we need to be aware that human resources (HR) is more then maintaining personal functions. Corporate and economic developments since the 1950Ў¦s have dictated that businesses, to remain competitive, need to view HRM as an evolutionary process which combines the HR functions with the HR policies and strategies, with the business strategies and management teams, with all stakeholders (Unions and Governments) and with the organisation and understanding of the actual employees themselves. Strategic HRM is about aligning the abilities and desires of the employee with the needs of the business so that the corporate objectives can be met. HRM can no longer afford to be viewed as simply an administrative task. Corporations need to have ÐŽÒproactiveЎ¦ policies to attract and retain the right type of people to their business and in this ever changing and uncertain economic climate the management of employees takes on an even greater role. Using the VIRO (value, rareness, imitability, and organisation) human resources can be proven to be strategic and therefore, provide firms with a competitive advantage through its people. The article by Barney and Wright (On becoming a strategic partner:...
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...how either Taylor or Ford changed organisational management and workplace practices. Critically analyse how they continue to influence contemporary organizational behaviour Student ID: Word count: 1976 Submission Date: 1 1323413 20/01/2014 Understanding Organisational Behaviour IB1230 ID: 1323413 Introduction “In the past the man has been first; in the future the system must be first.” Frederick Winslow Taylor. In the late 19th century, Frederick Winslow Taylor, known to many the forefather of scientific management, sparked the automation revolution, the third great transition in the history of humanity (after the Neolithic Revolution, a result of the development of agriculture around 6,000 B.C and the industrial revolution in the 18th century) (Souza, 1999, p.1). However, it can be argued that Taylor’s greatest contribution to capitalism was not the revolution itself, but how Taylorism brought about the era of competition and syncretism with contrasting or corresponding concepts on organisational management and workplace practices, particularly Fordism, which arguably extended the dynamics of Taylorism centered on the use of assembly line. This essay will examine how Fordism developed organisational management and modified workplace practices by exploring known historical application of its principles and theories. Thereupon, it will further analyse how elements of Fordism still exist in modern management sciences, taking example from...
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...The ANMC Competency Standards for the Midwife (2008) value woman-centred midwifery practice and state that midwives must work in partnership with women and their families. Using the available evidence, describe how the principles of collaboration and autonomy relate to the principles of working in partnership with women. Then critically analyse how midwives apply these principles to provide woman-centred midwifery practice. As stated by the ANMC Competency Standards, midwives must work in partnership with women in order to achieve women-centred (WCC) care. The critical aspects of providing WCC involve firm performance of continuity of care and developing a strong, but professional midwife-women partnership. Through the implementation of these factors with the added strength of autonomy and collaboration WCC can be achieved to a great extent. However, within practice it is important to maintain evidence based practice and research for the best outcomes. This essay will examine how evidence based practice, partnered with the principles of autonomy and collaboration interconnect with the midwife-women partnership. WCC can be described as women and families being at the heart of everything midwives do in practice. (Fraser & Cooper, 2009). In simpler terms, it can be described as ‘working with a women in whatever way she wants’ (Pairman, 2010 pg. 327) Findings have suggested the practice of WCC increase women’s satisfaction with care. (Iida, Horiuchi, & Porter, 2011)...
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...‘The Irish electoral system of PR-STV is fundamentally flawed and should be replaced by the Single Member Plurality System (commonly referred to as ‘first past the post’)’. Critically analyse the above statement with a comparison between the two systems identified. 1631 words (including bibliography) Firstly, what is an election system? In my eyes it’s a means of finding the most popular outcome by converting votes casted in an election into government seats. However there countless different types of election systems and the two which we are going to look into and scrutinise right now is the PR-STV system and the Single Member Plurality system. Before delving further into the above controversial statement we must fully understand the meaning and results of both of these systems, beginning with the PR-STV (Proportional Representation-Single Transferable Vote) system. The PR-STV system is by far the least popular of these two systems in terms of countries it is used in, only being used in Ireland and Malta to help elect our (and their) National Parties. It runs on a basis of casting your vote in order of most preferred to least preferred. A quota is then announced and the those who reach the quota is deemed elected and their excess votes are put back in the system and goes towards the next electable candidate on the ballot sheet. The Single Member Plurality system (sometimes known as the ‘first past the post system’) differs greatly...
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...Analyse and critically discuss the nature and purpose of the employment relationship for organizations and the relationship between work design, planning, pay and the employment relationship. Explain how expectancy theory; reinforcement theory and equity theory help managers to build an effective pay strategy as part of managing employment relationships Words: 2,695 . Introduction The term ‘employment-relationship’ is interchangeable with others when describing aspects of the overall relationship. According to USQ (2004) this relationship is basically the exchange of work by employees for pay from employers. While the primary relationship is that between the employer-employee, as organisations have evolved, grown in size and number, so too has the diversity of employees, each with their own particular ‘psychological contract’ (Hodgkinson 2003). The purpose of a defined and productive employment relationship is to equitably manage the various relationships, and resolve conflicts (USQ 2004). Breaching this psychological contract potentially will have negative implications for loyalty, motivation, and worker commitment to the organisation (Hislop 2003). This essay will discuss some of the factors in the workplace, which have an effect on the principals at each end of this relationship, and maintaining such diverse relations within a context of equity to each. The objective of business is to increase profits by increasing the effectiveness of production...
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...“Brand awareness is vitally important for all brands but high brand awareness without an understanding of what sets you apart from the competition does virtually no good.” Critically evaluate this statement and take adopt a position. Justify the position. 01-10 3. Critically evaluate how organisations can build emotional attachments with customers through brand management. Analyse the process that they adopt to create these attachments so that it would influence purchase decisions. 05 – 10 2 | Determine how to develop a Brand Equity measurement and management system | BRAND ARCHITECTURE 1. Critically evaluate the decision made by Armani to build a complex architecture for the brand to cater to multiple target segments and the ability to maintain this structure on a long term basis. Analyse how successful this decision this is and its ability to maintain this structure on a long term basis. (25 marks) 0909 BRAND PERSONALITY 2. Analyse the facts of the case and make concrete recommendations to the company as to how it can sustain the consistency in its brand personality. Critically relate the issues given the requirement that the company is looking for “a relevant and resonant personality”. (25 marks) 0909 3. Critically evaluate the brand personality of Vodafone and analyse the contribution that this has made to the organisation’s corporate strategy. (25 marks) 0510 3 | Designing retail marketing programmes to build brand equity as part...
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...previous Question attempted. This is to be strictly followed. Pages left blank in the answer-book are to he clearly struck out in ink. A fly answers that follow pages left blank may not be given credit [I] SECTION—A 1. Write short notes on each of the following. Each question should be answered in 150 words : 12x5=60 (a) In King Lear -Cordelia's goodness is as absolute and inexplicable as her sisters' reprovable badness...." Critically analyse the above statement with reference to your reading of King Lear. (b) -The Classical humanism of the Renaissance was fundamentally medieval and fundamentally Christian...." Critically analyse this statement. (c) How do the 'Sylphs' help in the development of the 'mock-epic' element in The Rape of the Lock ? (d) "The Romantic age marks the end of pastoral poetry in the very shock of its collision with actual country experience." Critically evaluate this statement. (e) Comment on the use of bildungsroman narrative in Victorian novels. 2. Answer each of the following in about 400 words : 30x2=60 (a) Critically examine if the treatment of Caliban in The Tempest is a reflection of the emergence of European Colonialism during the Elizabethan period. [2] (Contd.) (11) How does Milton use paganism to...
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...1. Analyse the validity of the objections to free trade and critically discuss the role of international organisations in regulating trade between countries. Does how the control of trade has impacted positively or negatively on a company of your choice. 2. To what extent should managers feel threatened by organisations that try to protect the rights of workers? Is it possible for the organisations to work with managers to the benefit of both businesses and employees? You should critically analyse the intentions of both types of stakeholder in a case study you have chosen. 3. Critically analyse the role of the chief financial officer (CFO) in contributing to the strategy of a company. If you were in a CFO position at a company of your choice, how would you expand your responsibilities to be more strategic? You should show how the company could benefit from the expansion of the CFO’s role. 4. Critically analyse an example of a company that exhibits a U-form structure. Advise on the advantages and disadvantages of moving it to a matrix structure. The basic format of the essay should be a theory, concept or approach which is critically analysed. Then a case study or practical example should be presented that not only illustrates how the theory can be applied, but also reveal further critical insights into the theory itself. The conclusion should demonstrate how the case study can lead to an improvement in the theory. Students should make all efforts to avoid plagiarism by reading...
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...History 1: Product Design Masters (QF Level 4) BA (Hons) in Product Design DS 125 103 Module no Year 1 – Sem. 1 Total Hours: 42 DPD4120 No. of weeks: 14 Hours per week: 3 This project is designed to assess your ability to: - interpret the key issues of product design from different perspectives, including social, economic and technological, through rigorous explorations on selected product design masters. - critically review contemporary product design in the professional context. relate key aspects of the design masters’ design philosophies to design artefacts. Brief This assignment allows you to demonstrate your understanding of the design philosophies of the product design masters and apply critiques across theoretical and practical work. In this assignment you will be required to: research into one current or past product design master; relate key aspects of the design masters’ design philosophies to design artifact; interpret the key issues of product design from different perspectives, including social, economic and technological; critically review their contributions and effect to contemporary product design; and write an essay with a minimum of 1,500 words based on your findings. Deliverables 1,500 word essay in hard copy plus a soft copy in MS Word format uploaded into MOODLES. (MLO 2, 3, 4) 1. 2. 3. The essay should include images and text. Please take note of the color, form, materials used by the product design masters in their designs. Essay...
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