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How to Critically Analyse Psychological Research

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How to Critically Analyse Psychological Research

Table of Contents

The Theory 2
The Research Rationale 2
The Participants 2
The Design and Procedure 2 1. Research method 2 2. Lab vs field research 2 3. Demand characteristics 3 4. Experimenter bias 3 6. Social desirability 3 7. Validity of the experimental manipulation 3 8. Stimulus sampling 4 9. Reliability and validity of measures of the independent and/or dependent variables 4 10. Confounding variables in 4 11. Order of items/events 4
The Statistical Analyses 5 1. Excluded participants 5 2. Missing data 5 3. Validity and reliability of dependent variables 5 4. Sufficient statistical power 5 5. Statistical assumptions 6 6. Correct use of inferential statistics 6 7. Correct interpretation of analyses 6 8. Alternative analyses 6
The Discussion 6 1. Alternative explanations 6 2. Cause-effect ambiguities 6 3. Third variable 7 4. Mediators and moderators 7 5. Replication 7 6. Interaction or main effect?: 7
Place the Research in the Context of Similar Research 8
Suggestions for Future Research 8
Inappropriate Criticisms 8 1. Criticizing the article rather than the research 8 2. Ethical criticisms 8 3. Incomplete criticisms 8 4. Criticisms of the reliability or effectiveness of methodology that produced the predicted results 9 5. Random allocation of participants to conditions 9
How Not to Use this Document! 10
Structuring a Critical Review 10
Useful Websites 11
Background Reading 11
References 12

The Theory

You may wish to criticize the theory that the researchers are testing. How does it compare against competing theories in the area? What are its strengths and weaknesses? An excellent resource for thinking about theory construction is the Special Issue on “Theory construction in social

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