...of the critical review is to review or critically evaluate an article or book. What is meant by 'critical'? To be critical means that you are required to: • • • ask questions about the ideas and information presented in the text and; to comment thoughtfully by engaging in a process of evaluating or; making judgements about the validity or relevance of the text to your research or field of study. Part of the process of being critical is to use the information gathered from questioning to understand the topic from different perspectives and in relation to relevant theoretical frameworks in the field. Furthermore, asking the right questions will help you to make links with previous information, develop a position and arguments to support it. What is meant by evaluation? Evaluation is the process that encourages you to show an understanding of the text content by analysing the purpose and the structure of the text, assessing and making judgements about its appropriateness according to various academic criteria. What is meant by analysis? To approach a topic analytically is to examine carefully the content, issues and structure, by separating them into component parts and explaining how they interrelate. The ability to summarise is another skill that is essential to writing a critical review. To summarise means to express the main points of an idea or topic in fewer words and without including examples or details. Criteria For Evaluating Academic Texts Critical evaluation necessitates...
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...of learning, particularly at an undergraduate level. With a well-written essay comes the power to change minds, to influence thinking and create new perspectives. When evaluating the claims presented by a source in an academic essay, a critical and reflective thinker does not simply accept arguments as ‘fact’. Nor do they create arguments based on innuendo and bias. This essay will contend that for students at university level to be taken seriously they must use critical and reflective thinking to write an effective academic essay. The following points will be addressed; what constitutes a credible essay, what is critical thinking and reflective practice, what is the importance of these skills in developing arguments, the benefits of thinking critically and reflectively, the use of critical reflective thinking in evaluating sources and the importance of recognizing those sources correctly for the work to be considered credible. So what constitutes a credible essay? The purpose of the essay is to forward knowledge, to tackle an already existing argument and build on it using sound evidence and research. “Essays are a document of your learning; they show proof of your understanding of the topic and your ability to communicate that understanding convincingly” (Germov 2011, 2). An essay must put forth an argument then break it down to prove or disprove the thesis. The statement needs to be dissected and the main points need to be analysed. What are the key concepts, what needs...
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...CRITICAL THINKING What do we mean by critical thinking? How does critical thinking differ between disciplines? How does critical thinking apply to academic reading? How does critical thinking apply to academic writing? How can I add quality to my writing? Critical thinking as a generic skill for life WHAT DO WE MEAN BY CRITICAL THINKING? When you are thinking critically, you are not just thinking passively and accepting everything you see and hear. You are thinking actively. You are asking questions about what you see and hear, evaluating, categorising, and finding relationships. Some critical thinking activities are listed below: SOME OF THE ACTIVITIES INVOLVED IN CRITICAL THINKING Interpreting according to a framework Relating theory to practice Making a claim and supporting it Using appropriate evidence Making links between ideas Asking questions Evaluating Predicting Describing Analysing Synthesising Categorising Establishing cause and effect Comparing and contrasting Identifying problems and solutions Critical thinking is the essence of tertiary learning. As a university student, you will be expected to apply mental actions such as these to all your academic reading, writing, listening and discussing. HOW DOES CRITICAL THINKING DIFFER BETWEEN DISCIPLINES? Different disciplines are characterised by particular approaches to critical thinking, and a lage part of studying those disciplines means learning to think...
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...rhvekrv;ev fv d dv your writing skills, the better your degree classification: The majority of marks which contribute to your degree classification will come from exam essays or other written work (assessed essays, third year project). • This education is costing you, so get your money’s worth. What students want help with Style conventions in scientific writing (1) 76.6% Lab report writing skills (2) 70.2% Thinking skills (2) 70.2% How to reference properly (3) 59.6% Presentation skills (4) 55.3% How to revise your written work effectively (5) 51.1% Learning / Research skills (6) 48.9% Essay writing skills (7) 44.7% Basic writing skills (8) 12.8% Unfortunately, you need to get to grips with (8) before you can truly master (1)…. Writing Skills for Psychologists Factors which contribute to your written work’s grade include (1) Your general writing skills. (How to write) (2) Your understanding of what is required of an undergraduate essay / lab report / presentation. (Why to write) (3) Your understanding of the topic. (What to write) This lecture will focus on 1 and 2. HOWEVER improving 1&2 will inevitably lead to improvements in 3! The following factors are equally important, and are down to you. 1. How interested you are in the topic. 2. The importance you attach to receiving a high grade for a particular piece of work. 3. The amount of effort you are prepared to make given other academic commitments. Writing Skills for Psychologists ...
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...February 3, 2014 8:29:57 AM CST6 days ago ED7590 Discussion 6d1 This post required a peer-reviewed journal article be selected from the Capella Library. The chosen article was about a descriptive study completed of nine states and the Funding support for school-wide positive behavioral interventions and support implementation and scale-up. This article examines the major focus and the difficulty states face with the process of selecting, implementing, and scaling-up evidence-based practices. The article also contains a discussion about the renewed commitment to improving student outcomes and how that has led directly to the need for effective practices implemented at scale (Gage et. Al, 2013). In particular, this article examines the funding decisions of nine specific states and makes note that funding decisions made at state, regional, and district levels remain a key to large-scale implementation of effective practices (Gage et. Al, 2013). No one will argue that the main objective of education in the United States is to offer all students a free and suitable public education so they may become active and vital members and contributors to society. However, the process involved in funding education to achieve this goal is a very complex one mainly because it includes interests, policies, and dollars originating from and flowing among local education agencies (LEAs), state education agencies (SEAs), and federal government agencies (e.g., U.S. Departments of Education...
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...Christians to study philosophy? We begin, in true philosophic fashion, by examining the question itself: what do mean by philosophy being important and we introduce the idea of the philosophic mindset. We then examine 5 reasons why it is important for all persons to adopt the philosophic mindset. We will end by providing an overview of the different branches of philosophy. Tasks Read and take notes from chapter 2 of Philosophy: Critically Thinking about Foundational Beliefs, “Why is Philosophy Important?” As you read, make sure you understand the following points and questions: * What is meant by the philosophical mindset? A philosophical mindset is an attitude or approach to life that involves regularly examining beliefs to ascertain what they mean, if they are true and what value they have. A philosophical mindset approaches new information critically. It involves questioning, reflecting and considering the meaning, value and truthfulness of what one sees, reads or hears. (Mark W. Foreman. Prelude to Philosophy: Thinking Critically About Foundational Beliefs. 2012) * How does the job/vocation analogy apply to adopting the philosophical mindset? A job is a task performed in order to receive compensation. It is not something individuals are tied to in any personal way and it usually does not affect persons in any deep manner. In contrast a vocation is a way of life to which one is called. While one may be compensated for performing his vocation, she is...
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...ASIA PACIFIC INSTITUTE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN COLLABORATION WITH STAFFORDSHIRE UNIVERSITY UK BA (Hons) in Business Management [pic] [pic] Individual Assignment “Critically evaluating the effectiveness of women leadership in business organizations” (BSB10177-2 CR - CRITICAL REASONING) Prepared By: Charya De Alwis [CB004491] [IF1371BM] Date of Submission 26th May Instructor Mr. Anthony Marius Submitted in partial fulfilment for the degree of Bachelor of Arts (Hons) in Business Management Word count for Essay: [Word Count] Word count for PDP: [Word Count] INCOURSE ASSESSMENT SHEET [pic] BSB10177-2 Critical Reasoning Individual Essay | | Assessment Criteria |Allotted Marks % |Earned Marks % | |C1 |Contents : (Currency, relevance and attention to details) |20 | | |C2 |Validity : (Consistency, strength of the arguments and validity of the reasoning) |25 | | |C3 |Suitable Conclusions drawn |10 | | |C4 |Formatting (language, report format) |5 ...
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...in applying critical thinking to a work-related decision, and the importance and benefits of critical thinking in the decision-making processes? If want the answers to these questions, keep reading this paper and you will have all the answers. Critical thinking is reasonable reflective thinking focused on deciding what to believe or do. Under this view, critical thinking is relevant not only to the formation and checking of beliefs, but also to deciding upon and evaluating actions. It involves creative activities such as: • formulating hypotheses’, plans, and counter examples • planning experiments; • seeing alternatives Ennis, R. H. (12/31/2010) Critical thinking is very important. Critical thinking gives people the way to react to matters by figuring out what is true or false and a persons feeling or opinions, to draw warranted conclusion and generalizations. Critical thinking also adds the skill to think of questions, build, and make out the structure of arguments, and effectively back up arguments. A person must be able to define, analyze, and develop solutions for problems and different types of issues. When someone evaluate information, data, and materials by coming up with inferences, making a logical and educated conclusions, applying one’s perception and facts for different and latest problems, making a sane and logical interpretations, and while staying open to new data or other information, values and beliefs, cultural systems, methods, and by understanding...
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...Violence Interrupters take the initiative in interceding before, while, or after an event of violence in order to stem violent behaviour. However, the question lies if these interrupters can be considered credible sources and experts. The documentary “The Interrupters” shows how they constantly impede upon their own purpose by engaging in uncritical arguments and reasoning. In particular, some of their offenses include arguing with the fallacy of hasty generalization, not fulfilling the criteria to be viewed as a credible expert, and becoming extremely biased in their decision-making. These are all important to take into consideration as they are contrary to the process of a logical and rational inquiry. By critically evaluating the documentary “The Interrupters”, we can come to a reasoned judgment whether or not the people or the arguments proposed were logical, coherent, and within the spirit of inquiry. It is their so-called duty as Violence Interrupters to mediate and mentor and with such a high degree of trust and responsibility, they should be held to the utmost. This means being able to critically present sound arguments and to evaluate themselves to such a degree so as to eliminate all doubts and criticisms of their techniques and practices. Ameena is an activist and a Violence Interrupter shown within the documentary “The Interrupters”. While she is shown to be active within the streets of Chicago, she is constantly shown to be arguing either with various high risk...
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...Interrupters” shows how they constantly impede upon their own purpose by engaging in uncritical arguments and reasoning. In particular, some of their offenses include arguing with the fallacy of hasty generalization, not fulfilling the criteria to be viewed as a credible expert, and becoming extremely biased in their decision-making. These are all important to take into consideration as they are contrary to the process of a logical and rational inquiry. By critically evaluating the documentary “The Interrupters”, we can come to a reasoned judgment whether or not the people or the arguments proposed were logical, coherent, and within the spirit of inquiry. It is their so-called duty as Violence Interrupters to mediate and mentor and with such a high degree of trust and responsibility, they should be held to the utmost. This means being able to critically present sound arguments and to evaluate themselves to such a degree so as to eliminate all doubts and criticisms of their techniques and practices. Ameena is an activist and a Violence Interrupter shown within the documentary “The Interrupters”. While she is shown to be active within the streets of Chicago, she is constantly shown to be arguing either with various high risk individuals or giving her opinions on the reasons behind violent behaviour. She continually generalizes from her own experiences and bases her arguments on anecdotal evidence. Ameena stated at one point if a child grows up to commit a crime, the fault...
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...Examining Different Arguments Related to the Choice of a Career Assessment Part A: Critically Evaluating an Argument Build your mindmap. Arts and Sciences (Advantage): Lots of flexibility in career choices: Overgeneralization Arts and Sciences (Disadvantage): Leads to a career in food service –“Do you want fries with that?”: irrational appeal Education (Advantage): The best way to make a difference in the world: overgeneralization Education (Disadvantage): Guaranteed low paying job: either/ or thinking Nursing (Advantage): People always will need nurses: logically sound Nursing (Disadvantage): Too much schooling (according to Theo, the Law student): double standard Information Systems and Technology (Advantage): No other degree concentration is as innovative (according to Grace): irrational appeal Information Systems and Technology (Disadvantage): Too limited in scope for much advancement in business situation (according to Ritesh): Logically Sound Business (Advantage): Infinite career options (according to Ritesh): Logically Sound Business (Disadvantage): Boring work, stuck behind a desk all day: oversimplifying Health and Human Services (Advantage): All the benefits of Arts and Sciences, but vastly more focused and relevant: Logically Sound Health and Human Services (Disadvantage): Job options are all in very un-creative fields.: Irrational Appeal Assessment Part B: Articulating the Steps Involved in Evaluating an Argument Write out the two...
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...critical thinking process is important and your success and happiness in life will be increased by your ability to think critically. The process in which facts, information, and theories are gathered and analyzed is critical thinking. Effective decisions are made by using the critical thinking process. Critical thinking separates facts from opinions and also evaluates options, and is a valuable process which should be used by everyone. Critical thinkers demonstrate some characteristics such as courage, humility, empathy, integrity, and fair-mindedness. A critical thinker uses these characteristics to help them to make positive decisions that they will be happy about in the future. Critical thinkers know the limitations of their decisions when they are humble. Critical thinkers are also courageous enough to trust their own reasoning skills and they are empathetic enough to comprehend the weight of their decisions on others. Critical thinkers also hold integrity, which demonstrates honesty and realistic perception of end results. An important characteristic of critical thinkers is fair-mindedness which allows a thinker to give ideas and options their due validity. To manage the different issues and challenges that they are faced with, managers need to utilize critical thinking skills. Looking at preexisting assumptions and examining opinions and arguments, along with coming up with possible alternative solutions, involves creative thinking. An essential part of the decision-making...
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...Different Arguments Related to the Choice of a Career Assessment Part A: Critically Evaluating an Argument Build your mindmap. Arts and Sciences (Advantage): Lots of flexibility in career choices: Overgeneralization Arts and Sciences (Disadvantage): Leads to a career in food service - 'Do you want fries with that?': Irrational Appeal Education (Advantage): The best way to make a difference in the world: Overgeneralization Education (Disadvantage): Guaranteed low paying job: Either/Or Thinking Nursing (Advantage): People always will need nurses: Logically Sound Nursing (Disadvantage): Too much schooling (according to Theo, the Law student): Double Standard Information Systems and Technology (Advantage): No other degree concentration is as innovative (according to Grace): Irrational Appeal Information Systems and Technology (Disadvantage): Too limited in scope for much advancement in business situation (according to Ritesh): Logically Sound Business (Advantage): Infinite career options (according to Ritesh): Logically Sound Business (Disadvantage): Boring work, stuck behind a desk all day: Oversimplifying Health and Human Services (Advantage): All the benefits of Arts and Sciences, but vastly more focused and relevant: Logically Sound Health and Human Services (Disadvantage): Job options are all in very un-creative fields.: Irrational Appeal Assessment Part B: Articulating the Steps Involved in Evaluating an Argument Write...
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...the ProCon website, the first argument that stood out to me was the issue of gun control. Gun control has been a debate for many years, but in light of the heartbreaking event that took place in Parkland, Florida, killing seventeen people, it is ever so strong. The proponents of gun control argue there should be a change to the current gun control laws (ProCon.org, 2017). They contend if America had more gun control law, we could reduce gun deaths nationwide, not to mention the protection these laws would bring to the victims of domestic violence and stalking situations. Another stance is the necessity for banning high-capacity magazines because data illustrates “50% of mass shootings during 1982 and 2012 involved this type of weapon, and when high-capacity magazines are used, death rates rise 63% and injury rates rise 156%. That is definitely some alarming statistics, especially when the media continues to discuss the school shootings and casualties. Furthermore, proponents argue that the guns being used are those same legally owned guns that the current gun control laws allow individuals to have in their...
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...process - specifically in evaluating arguments. In your answer draw on a range of relevant SSK19 unit texts. Using relevant SSK19 readings, in particular the four dimensions of reflective practice presented in Pavlovich (2007, 283), discuss the fundamental role that critical thinking plays in evaluating arguments at university. Each of us make thousands of decisions in a lifetime and would like to believe that the decisions we make are ample however, only a few of us practice the tool of critical thinking in order to improve our thinking process and make well reasoned decisions. As a university student, thinking critically is an essential tool as without it you are only looking at the surface. In this essay we will explore the critical thinking process using the different dimensional levels of the reflective processes when evaluating arguments. Critical thinking and reflection methodologies are considered by many to be used interchangeably and being able to understand and possess these skills are essential for students engaged in evaluating arguments at university. Embracing such skills facilitates a student to formulate the right questions, assess the possible answers, scrutinize the credibility of information and sources, and make solid judgments based on the evidence provided. Critical thinking plays a fundamental role in evaluating arguments as it allows students to skilfully analyse any given subject, content or argument, evaluate the material...
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