...the future of data breaches this year and things that we could encounter over the time frame of this year and next decade as technology continues to grow at the rate it is growing. It compare the big breach with Target and aligns it to other situations that are possibilities with the way we use our technology. One of the big theories that the article through out was that we are going to run into issues with all of this cloud computing and big data and that society is very vulnerable to a big data cloud breach. Apple has started the whole ball rolling with cloud computing storing all of your data on a cloud platform easily accessible by all of your devices. The only problem is that it too is easily accessible to other things such as malicious people. Another possible breach that the article discusses is that healthcare is slowly being stored via a cloud platform as well and there are potential ways that a breach of that information could be a reality soon and one day. Results...
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...she provides from the records of the Inquisition prove that these New Christians struggled with their identity. These people did not fit in with the Old Christians or the Jews. They were in the middle, trying to balance their personal lives that were blended into both the Christian and Jewish world. In trying to understand the inspiration for writing this book, it is imperative to understand the author. Renee Levine Melammed is the Dean of Jewish History at the Schechter Institute of Jewish Studies in Jerusalem. She attended Brandeis University, where she received her PhD in Jewish women studies. She has written two books in which she received two National Jewish Book Awards. Her first book is titled Heretics or Daughters of Israel: The Crypto-Jewish Women of Castile. Her second book, A Question of Identity: Iberian Conversos in Historical Perspective, was written in 2004, and is the one being reviewed in this essay. In analyzing how successful this book has been, it is important to examine how fellow scholars have received it. One has read, and examined three different reviews. The three reviews are by: Horacio Chiong Rivero - The Sixteenth Century Journal, Enrique García Santo-Tomás – Iberoamericana, and David Graizbord - The American Historical Review. All three reviews take a completely different approach in how they view this piece of literature. Horacio Chiong Rivero gives a positive review of this book. He states that Melammed has made important and significant contributions...
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...| | |The most damaging of the denial of service attacks can be a _______________ attacks, where an attacker uses zombie software distributed | |over several machines | | | | | |[pic] | |Bot | | | | | |[pic] | |Distributed denial of service ...
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...Identify the main threats to the security of people, property and premises in a chosen public service People, premises and property: There are many threats to people, premises and property. This distinguishes from accidentally induced threats where there is no deliberate malicious intent to induce damage Whilst all threats aim to cause damage to people, premises or property the type of damage varies. Therefore it is important to understand the objectives of the individual/individuals responsible for inducing the threat. Often this will be done through a terror campaign aimed at causing as much fear as possible. However whilst often indiscriminate there will likely be a particular target it is unlikely that an act terrorism is random, it is more likely strategic as part of a campaign. Therefore for many countries that are at threat from terrorism they have to take into account for many building the threat from terrorism. Therefore it is important to understand the possible objectives behind each threat as they often determine the nature of the threat and its scale Tactics and targets: There are a multitude of different tactics that can be employed to escalate or more precisely use a threat. The sort of threat it is also determines the tactics that will be used. Of course he target itself is determined by who is doing it and the objectives they have, a group anarchists and a group of environmentalist will not have the same target. Therefore all threats to people, premises...
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...Lab 2 – CSEC630 1. When running Snort IDS why might there be no alerts? When using Snort IDS, there are several modes that if configured properly, will generate alerts. Alerts are set by the user within the command prompt when initiating a rule set. There are five alerting options available with Snort IDS. According to (Roesch, 1999), Alerts may either be sent to syslog, logged to an alert text file in two different formats, or sent as Win-Popup messages using the Samba smbclient program. If there has been no alerts, the selected rule set was set may not have been enabled by the user. Another scenario where alerts may not occur is when another task is being performed. According to (Roesch, 1999) when alerting is unnecessary or inappropriate, such as when network penetrations tests are being performed. 2. If we only went to a few web sites, why are there so many alerts? Snort IDS performs numerous functions that would generate an alert. Alerts are generated based on any suspicious network activity. Although a user may have only visited 5 sites, snort may have generated 12 or more alerts that were generated due to anomalies detected from the 5 sites visited. 3. What are the advantages of logging more information to the alerts file? The advantage of logging additional information within the alerts file is that it can provide additional information as to the origination or source of what caused the alert. If the administrator is better informed on the...
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...THE PURPOSE OF CRYPTOGRAPHY Cryptography is the science of writing in secret code and is an ancient art; the first documented use of cryptography in writing dates back to circa 1900 B.C. when an Egyptian scribe used non-standard hieroglyphs in an inscription. Some experts argue that cryptography appeared spontaneously sometime after writing was invented, with applications ranging from diplomatic missives to war-time battle plans. It is no surprise, then, that new forms of cryptography came soon after the widespread development of computer communications. In data and telecommunications, cryptography is necessary when communicating over any untrusted medium, which includes just about any network, particularly the Internet. Within the context of any application-to-application communication, there are some specific security requirements, including: • Authentication: The process of proving one's identity. (The primary forms of host-to-host authentication on the Internet today are name-based or address-based, both of which are notoriously weak.) • Privacy/confidentiality: Ensuring that no one can read the message except the intended receiver. • Integrity: Assuring the receiver that the received message has not been altered in any way from the original. • Non-repudiation: A mechanism to prove that the sender really sent this message. Cryptography, then, not only protects data from theft or alteration, but can also be used for user authentication. There are, in general, three types...
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...Vladescu Polytechnic University of Bucharest, Splaiul Independenței 313, Bucharest, Romania, Email: vladescumariusnicolae@yahoo.com Abstract—Information protection is one of the most important issues in every domain, especially when we are talking about enterprises. Information safety can be translated into three key terms: integrity, availability and data protection. There is a great number of means used in order to achieve the three objectives simultaneously. The most popular is cryptography because it offers a lot of techniques which nowadays are impossible to fail. In this paper we want to prove their efficiency by comparing the different types of crypto algorithms and by presenting their weaknesses and strengths. In order to maximize the benefits of the crypto techniques, we propose a hybrid approach that combines three crypto algorithms. I. INTRODUCTION W HEN we are talking about information security we refer to it as the mean we use to protect our information from unauthorized access, use, disclosure, disruption, modification, perusal, inspection, recording or destruction. The main concepts that a security system has to respect are: confidentiality, integrity, availability and authentication. These concepts represent the information security goals and must be achieved by every security system that aims to be functional. Most security systems use cryptography because it offers various algorithms and techniques practically impossible to break because of their complexity...
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...Theories of Security Management May 26, 2013 Mobile Devices Security 1. Describe the emerging cyber-security issues and vulnerabilities presented in the “Emerging Cyber Threats 2012” report. Emerging cyber-security issues and vulnerabilities presented in the “Emerging Cyber Threats 2012” report focused on mobile devices. The surge of mobile devices in all facets of human endeavors and its lack of adequate security highlighted the report. According to the report, emerging cyber-security issues that make mobile devices vulnerable are; * In order to improve usability for mobile devices, their applications depend on the browser, which presents exceptional challenges to security. Perfectly legitimate-looking images can hide a malicious link that, when touched, could give an attacker the capacity to spy or steal data. * Attacks target the use of SMS, e-mail and the mobile Web browser by mobile devices to launch an attack and steal data. * Increasingly, mobile devices are being used as storage devices just as USB flash drives and have therefore become the ideal medium to spread malware to protected systems. 2. Analyze vulnerabilities of mobile devices in regard to usability and scale based on your research and suggest methods to mitigate the vulnerabilities of mobile devices. Due to the fact that mobile devices are increasingly being used in the work place and financial transactions, the have become very attractive targets for hackers with criminal intent...
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...………………………………………………7 VIII. Public Key Cryptography.………………………………………………7 IX. Hash Functions ……..…………………………………………………...7 X. Biometrics …………………………...…………………………………...8 XI. Summary ………………………………………………………………8 XII. References ……………………………………………………………….9 I. Online Banking Overview The number of malicious applications targeting online banking transactions has increased dramatically in recent years. This represents a challenge not only to the customers who use such facilities, but also to the institutions who offer them, as evidenced by an ongoing trail in the US. These malicious applications employ two kinds of attack vector – local attacks which occur on the local computer, and remote attacks, which redirect the victim to a remote site. The possibility also exists that both approaches will be combined. Some attacks may be foiled by adopting security measures such as transaction numbers (TAN). However, it is likely that the risks associated with online banking transactions will remain until new transaction methods, such as PKI based methods (public key infrastructure), are widely introduced. II. Security Threats to Businesses The attack vectors used by this kind of malicious application can be categorized in two groups: local and remote attacks. Local attacks happen on the local computer during an online banking...
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...Running head: Cyber Security Securing Networks Wagner, Juan ISSC342 ABSTRACT As our dependency on technology grows so does the need to protect the data contained in them. We live in a world where digital imaginary data has become just as important if not more than actual physical work these machines perform. One of the biggest jobs for any respectable firm is the ability to protect its information from the unrelenting attacks by hackers, insiders, social engineers and software exploits. this is an on going struggle that will never end. The reality is there is no way to fully and completely protect a network. The second best thing we can do as IT professionals is ensure protocols that have resulted in having a more secure network are being met. Since most of the errors in the world are human errors we must take extra consideration when securing a network. Computers don't make mistakes only people make mistakes. Finally as professionals we must do our job in researching new exploits, tools and reasons why someone would want to perform a cyber attack on said company. INTRODUCTION In the IT world knowledge is power, and there is much to be learned if a corporation is to be able to perform at an AAA level. There are many things that can go wrong in regards to intellectual property. Some of those things are certificates, classification of data, and how computing devices are used. In conjunction with the material professionals also should be actively researching...
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...Operating System Security Flaws Donique Tulloch POS/355 Introduction to Operational Systems - Yevgeniy Tovshteyn Operating System Security Flaws Vulnerable, as defined by the dictionary is being capable of or susceptible to being hurt or wounded by a weapon. In computer science, to be vulnerable means to be open to attack. Vulnerability in a computer’s system is a weakness and this weakness can be preyed on by attackers to take advantage of the system’s private data. In using a system, we are assured that the data we input is stored securely and processed for the intended purpose only. So the susceptibility of the system, the attacker’s access to this flaw and the capability to exploit this flaw compose the elements of computer vulnerability. For this flaw to be exploited, the attacker must have an attack surface, meaning the attacker must have some technique or tool to exploit the system. One classification of a vulnerability is security bug or defect, where a firewall may be out of date or in this case, Windows Defender is significantly out of date leaving the system with a window of vulnerability to attacks. This window would be from when the bug was discovered, access was removed, a fix was available and if or when an attack was disabled. Windows Defender was designed as a free software to defend against unwanted attacks as a combination of Microsoft Security essentials. With proper security patch updating, Windows should have minimal security bug and any other vulnerabilities...
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...1. At a company, you are responsible for securing a network server utilized primarily for data storage and internal application sharing as well as for securing numerous desktop computers connected to the network. Describe the access control that you would put in place for each and explain why. The more valuable your data, the more effort you should put into securing your firm's network servers. The following areas will help to maintain a server on the network. Firewall: It's important to ensure your server's built-in firewall is running and that you are also using at least one level of network firewall. This may be something as simple as a firewall on the router attached to the server. Placing a server on a network without a firewall is like leaving the front door wide open. Once the firewall is running, the next step is to turn off every port you don't need. If you are not using the port, you don't need it open on the firewall. Hardening: Getting the firewall running is only a start. A critical step is "hardening" the system. This is the process of trimming the machine of every piece of software it doesn't need to complete its assigned task. Every single piece of software is going to have an exploit. You want to reduce the machine down to the necessities to increase the security. This means removing software from the server box. If, for example, the machine is an e-mail server, then delete all office productivity applications, the Web browser, even games and...
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...Title A research proposal submitted by Masisi Mulalo Supervisor: Moyo Benson Computer Science University of Venda 2014 ABSTRACT We live in a digital era where communication, information sharing and even business transactions is exchanged on mobile devices such as laptop computers, palmtops, tablet computers, smartphones and cell phones. The new age group of young people have never known a life without a mobile device with internet capabilities. Mobile Devices are an integral part of personal and social lives it is only logical that users should have awareness of security during the use of mobile devices. Individuals and organisations have both been beneficiaries on the rapid expansion of information and communication technologies (ICTs). Inevitably however, these offerings by mobile devices also bring about security vulnerabilities which users in Thohoyandou are not aware of. According to Lookout principal security analyst Marc Rogers, 2013, following simple precautions like sticking to the Google Play Store can ensure the security of a mobile device. This is rather not always the case as hackers and crackers make use of trustful applications to distribute malware. This study intends to outline security vulnerabilities and deliver clear recommendations on essential security technologies and practices to help mobile device users in Thohoyandou. Correct misconceptions or myths in order to bring about changes...
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...Table of Contents Chapter 1 Evaluating the Cisco ASA VPN Subsystem .......................................3 Chapter 2 Deploying Cisco ASA IPsec VPN Solutions ............................. 42 Chapter 3 Deploying Cisco ASA AnyConnect Remote-Access SSL VPN Solutions..............................109 Chapter 4 Deploying Clientless RemoteAccess SSL VPN Solutions ................148 Chapter 5 Deploying Advanced Cisco ASA VPN Solutions .............................184 CCNP Security VPN 642-648 Quick Reference Cristian Matei ciscopress.com [2] CCNP Security VPN 642-648 Quick Reference About the Author Cristian Matei, CCIE No. 23684, is a senior security consultant for Datanet Systems, Cisco Gold Partner in Romania. He has designed, implemented, and maintained multiple large enterprise networks, covering the Cisco security, routing, switching, service provider, and wireless portfolios of products. Cristian started this journey back in 2005 with Microsoft technology and finished the MCSE Security and MCSE Messaging tracks. He then joined Datanet Systems, where he quickly obtained his Security and Routing & Switching CCIE, among other certifications and specializations, such as CCNP, CCSP, and CCDP. Cristian has been a Cisco Certified Systems Instructor (CCSI) since 2007, teaching CCNA, CCNP, and CCSP curriculum courses. In 2009, he received a Cisco Trusted Technical Advisor (TTA) award and became certified as a Cisco IronPort Certified Security Professional (CICSP) on E-mail...
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...note that while cryptography is necessary for secure communications, it is not by itself sufficient. The reader is advised, then, that the topics covered in this chapter only describe the first of many steps necessary for better security in any number of situations. This paper has two major purposes. The first is to define some of the terms and concepts behind basic cryptographic methods, and to offer a way to compare the myriad cryptographic schemes in use today. The second is to provide some real examples of cryptography in use today. I would like to say at the outset that this paper is very focused on terms, concepts, and schemes in current use and is not a treatise of the whole field. No mention is made here about pre-computerized crypto schemes, the difference between a substitution and transposition cipher, cryptanalysis, or other history. Interested readers should check out some of the books in the references section below for detailed — and interesting! — background information. 2. THE PURPOSE OF CRYPTOGRAPHY Cryptography is the science of writing in secret code and is an ancient art; the first documented use of cryptography in writing dates back to circa 1900 B.C. when an Egyptian...
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