...The issue of corporate social responsibility (CSR) has become an increasing concern among individuals and society. CSR has thus become an integral part of arguably most businesses in light of topical issues. However, much skepticism towards businesses’ agendas underpinning their CSR initiatives is abounding. This may be justifiably so. Evidence suggests that CSR initiatives undertaken by both large businesses as well as small and medium enterprises (SME) are largely resultant of strategic and profit driven imperatives rather than humanitarian and altruistic aspirations. This essay will explore the underlying factors that compel Australian businesses’ CSR ventures by analysing their stances on CSR as well as extrinsic drivers of CSR, further citing CSR’s pertinence to businesses’ financial performance, hence evincing that altruistic reasons are not the foremost impetus for the undertaking of CSR for corporations in Australia. Definitions of CSR differ widely in literature (Truscott, Bartlett & Tywoniak, 2009). This essay will draw upon Carroll’s (1979) construct of CSR, comprising of economic, legal, ethical and discretionary responsibilities assumed by business entities, as a yardstick in determining the degree of CSR undertaken by firms. Economic dimensions of CSR encompass profit generation through effective business management, legal dimensions entail compliance with codified law, ethical dimensions embody adhering to ethical and moral parameters and discretionary dimensions...
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...387 From supply chains to value chains: A spotlight on CSR Malika Bhandarkar and Tarcisio Alvarez-Rivero* 1. Introduction Corporate social responsibility (CSR)1 has become a hot topic in boardrooms across the world. Changes in corporate value systems are being driven by pressures from different actors, including governments, consumers, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and institutional investors (diagram 1). Multinational corporations (MNCs) have operations spread across the globe, relying on both foreign affiliates and arm’s-length suppliers arrayed along global supply chains, many of which encompass developing countries. What then does the growing CSR movement mean for developing country producers? The chapter addresses this question. Diagram 1 Institutional Investor Tier I Tier II Tie r III NonGovernmental Organization Multinational Corporation Supply Chain, consisting of: Consumer Government CSR has relevance to many facets of a corporation’s operations. Strong CSR policies can help to recruit the right people for the job, keep attrition rates low by promoting a “feel good” quotient, improve corporate image, prepare for future regulation, empower “soft” laws (Vogel, 2005, p.162), appease green customers, and convince institutional investors that the corporation is following sustainable practices that positively impact the bottom line. * Policy Integration and Analysis Branch, Division for Sustainable Development, UNDESA...
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...About CSR Practices: A Literature Review Kavitha W * and Anita P ** Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is now prominent and evident more than ever due to the emphasis laid on businesses regarding environmental, social and ethical issues. The level of CSR activities of the firms is made known to public only through the disclosures. This paper reviews the literature on CSR disclosures and the effect of these disclosures. There are various factors which determine the extent of disclosures like the size of the firm, industry, high visibility, etc. Introduction Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is now prominent and evident more than ever due to the emphasis laid on businesses regarding environmental, social and ethical issues. This is because over the recent years, there have been social, political and economic pressures on corporate management to pay attention on social and environmental consequences of corporate activities. These pressures motivated the corporate management to actively participate in a wide range of social welfare activities. CSR now-a-days covers almost all issues like the use of child labor; inequality of employment; environmental impact; involvement in local community; products’ safety; company cultures; brand image and reputation. Apart from this, companies are now disclosing these activities in their annual reports, and one of the parameters to judge the performance of a company is CSR reporting. Corporate Social Responsibility CSR is defined...
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...Small business social responsibility: Expanding core CSR theory Laura J. Spence Abstract This paper seeks to expand business and society research in a number of ways. Its primary purpose is to redraw two core CSR theories (stakeholder theory and Carroll’s CSR pyramid), enhancing their relevance for small business. This is done by the application of the ethic of care, informed by the value of feminist perspectives and the extant empirical research on small business social responsibility. It is proposed that the expanded versions of core theory have wider relevance, value and implications beyond the small firm context. The theorization of small business social responsibility enables engagement with the mainstream of CSR research as well as making a contribution to small business studies in scholarly, policy and practice terms. Key words: corporate social responsibility, ethic of care, feminist ethics, small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs), small business, Carroll’s pyramid, stakeholder theory. Correspondence: Laura J. Spence, PhD. Professor of Business Ethics. Director, Centre for Research into Sustainability, School of Management, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK. Laura.Spence@rhul.ac.uk Acknowledgements: With sincere thanks to the special issue editors and reviewers, Kate Grosser and Dirk Matten for their insightful comments in the development of this paper. Introduction Small business social responsibility - whether it be a software...
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...REPORT Corporate Social Responsibility: Innovation and Business Skills Australia March 2011 Better business through innovation... Acknowledgements IBSA wishes to acknowledge the work of the project team who have prepared this report. CSR Sydney www.csrsydney.com David Morrissey Franziska Kleedehn Sustainability Learning Institute Bruce McKenzie Cheryl Hardie Ian Hardie Andrew McKenzie Damian Collins www.sustainabilitylearning.com.au IBSA is grateful to the large number of people and organisations who have supported IBSA in this project and who participated in workshops and in other ways contributed their time and insights. For further information about this report or any other work being undertaken by Innovation & Business Skills Australia Ltd, please visit www.ibsa.org.au. Innovation & Business Skills Australia Ltd Level 11, 176 Wellington Parade East Melbourne VIC 3002 Australia P +61 3 9815 7000 F +61 3 9815 7001 E reception@ibsa.org.au W www.ibsa.org.au This work has been produced with the assistance of funding provided by the Commonwealth Government through the Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations (DEEWR). The views expressed in this work do not necessarily represent the views of DEEWR. In addition, DEEWR does not give warranty or accept any legal liability in relation to the content of this work. © IBSA 2011 No material contained within this publication may be reproduced in full or in part without the...
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...China and India and other emerging economies such as those in Africa, and the expansion of the EU; the globalization of human capital; and the esca- lating effects of Information Technology and the global spread of e-business. We follow these trends and their effects on the role of the international manager throughout the book. For exam- ple, in Chapter 6 we focus further on strategies for emerging markets, while also dealing with changing strategies to respond to economic decline around the world and an increasing level of nationalism in some industries; we have a section on “Using E-Business for Global Expansion” as well as discussing “born global” companies. In Chapter 7, we added a section on strategies for SMEs and a new section on “Value Creation in Alliances.” We have condensed some research material in Chapter 3, while adding a new cultural profile on Latin America and expanded the one on Germany. In Chapter 2 we lead into another contemporary...
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...Corporate Social Responsibility An Implementation Guide for Business Paul Hohnen, Author Jason Potts, Editor Corporate Social Responsibility An Implementation Guide for Business Paul Hohnen, Author Jason Potts, Editor ii Corporate Social Responsibility: An Implementation Guide for Business © 2007, International Institute for Sustainable Development The International Institute for Sustainable Development contributes to sustainable development by advancing policy recommendations on international trade and investment, economic policy, climate change and energy, measurement and assessment, and sustainable natural resources management. Through the Internet, we report on international negotiations and share knowledge gained through collaborative projects with global partners, resulting in more rigorous research, capacity building in developing countries and better dialogue between North and South. IISD’s vision is better living for all—sustainably; its mission is to champion innovation, enabling societies to live sustainably. IISD is registered as a charitable organization in Canada and has 501(c)(3) status in the United States. IISD receives core operating support from the Government of Canada, provided through the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA), the International Development Research Centre (IDRC) and Environment Canada; and from the Province of Manitoba. The Institute receives project funding from numerous governments inside and outside Canada,...
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...Corporate Social Responsibility An Implementation Guide for Business Paul Hohnen, Author Jason Potts, Editor Corporate Social Responsibility An Implementation Guide for Business Paul Hohnen, Author Jason Potts, Editor ii Corporate Social Responsibility: An Implementation Guide for Business © 2007, International Institute for Sustainable Development The International Institute for Sustainable Development contributes to sustainable development by advancing policy recommendations on international trade and investment, economic policy, climate change and energy, measurement and assessment, and sustainable natural resources management. Through the Internet, we report on international negotiations and share knowledge gained through collaborative projects with global partners, resulting in more rigorous research, capacity building in developing countries and better dialogue between North and South. IISD’s vision is better living for all—sustainably; its mission is to champion innovation, enabling societies to live sustainably. IISD is registered as a charitable organization in Canada and has 501(c)(3) status in the United States. IISD receives core operating support from the Government of Canada, provided through the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA), the International Development Research Centre (IDRC) and Environment Canada; and from the Province of Manitoba. The Institute receives project funding from numerous governments inside and outside Canada,...
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...A Developing Country Perspective of Corporate Social Responsibility: A Test Case of Bangladesh Ali Quazi, The University of Newcastle Ziaur Rahman, IITM, Bangladesh Byron Keating, University of Wollongong Abstract The ‘social contract’ between the corporation and the community is of critical importance. The motivations for these contracts are continuously being revisited to understand how CSR programs can nurture and contribute to the growth of firms. While CSR issues are attracting a great deal of attention in the developed world, there is a need for more research into CSR in the developing world. This paper considers the CSR practices of a small sample of multinational corporations (MNCs) and local firms in Bangladesh to better understand this situation. Introduction Corporate social responsibility (CSR) has generated significant debate in academic and corporate circles in recent times. This debate acknowledges the importance of CSR in the first-world, but raises questions regarding the extent to which corporations operating in developing countries have CSR obligations (Jamali and Mirshak, 2007). Conventional wisdom suggests that CSR is more relevant to corporations operating in the developed countries due to elevated community expectations of socially responsible behaviour. In contrast there is also a belief that societal expectations in the developing countries mainly centre on economic growth; therefore relegating CSR to be of lesser importance to the society and...
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...inefficient use of capital was covered up by the availability of easy money from governments, optimistic foreign investors lured by the emerging markets. The system could not keep up the pretence as it became sensitive to a downturn in the economic cycle which hit the region in 1997. → End of easy money and beginnings of reforms. 4. After 1997, reforms: • Improvements to accountability and disclosure in the financing of industry • Reduction of favoritism and corruption during control of licenses and capital • Opening of markets to foreign competition • Adoption of international standards in accounting, trading, IPR • General rise in professionalism in management and administration • Adoption of democratic processes in politics • Notion of CSR Important point: this does not mean that these countries will converge to a Western formula. They will converge to some degree but then remain distinct and true to themselves → continuing variety of the region’s business systems. What is a business system? = A complex...
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...Comperative Study of Corporate Social Activities of Bank And Non Bank Financial Institute Executive Summery This paper deals with some banks & non-banking financial institutions which are performing CSR. It is the continuing commitment by business to behave ethically and contribute to economic development while improving the quality of life of the workforce and their families as well as of the local community and society at large. It would be give strategic, longer run competitive advantage for banks and non-banking financial institutions in Bangladesh to embrace CSR in their management approaches and operations, with initiatives chosen in broad-based, extensive stakeholder engagement. Corporate social responsibility may help to establish clear boundaries among the different interests of the groups like shareholders, citizens, providers, and customers. In this paper, we will describe, analyze, and formalize the critical responsibility parameters, as well as the variables that shape them. Introduction The title of our term paper is “Comparative Study on the Corporate Social Responsibility Performing by Banking, Non-Banking Financial Institutions” . Globally, the notion of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is fast gaining acceptance as the contribution that businesses can and should make voluntarily...
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...1.0 Introduction 1.1 Origin of the Report The report has been prepared as a requirement for the completion of BBA Degree and course BUS 498, Project Work, SSM Sadrul Huda, course instructor, assigned to do an analysis report on “Promotional Activities of different private banks in Bangladesh”. For this purpose I, Mustafizur Rahman, ID – 2007-1-10-097 choose to prepare this report on Promotional Activities of 5 different private banks. The date of submission of the report is April 28, 2011. 1.2 Background Promotion is a form of corporate communication that uses various methods to reach a targeted audience with a certain message in order to achieve specific organizational objectives. Nearly all organizations, whether for-profit or not-for-profit, in all types of industries, must engage in some form of promotion. Such efforts may range from multinational firms spending large sums on securing high-profile celebrities to serve as corporate spokespersons to the owner of a one-person enterprise passing out business cards at a local businessperson’s meeting. Like most marketing decisions, an effective promotional strategy requires the marketer understand how promotion fits with other pieces of the marketing puzzle (e.g., product, distribution, pricing, target markets). Consequently, promotion decisions should be made with an appreciation for how it affects other areas of the company. 1.3 Objectives of the Study: Objectives of Marketing Promotions The most obvious objective...
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...It further reports that we no longer can maintain a fragmented, reactive approach to sustainability and CSR activities. "Companies can choose to see this agenda as a necessary evil—a matter of compliance or a risk to be managed while they get on with the business of business—or they can think of it as a novel way to open up new business opportunities while creating value for society." Now, taking the perspective of Goldman Sachs, they very beautifully state that the social responsibilities of a company is not just about reducing environmental footprint. They emphasize on a research at both the corporate and university level that we are at the doorstep of this next generation of employees and consumers that have specific needs at work and which are significantly different from the previous generations. Amongst these is a desire to align personal and corporate values. In order to attract and retain this group, they believe that companies need to provide rewards beyond financial gain. Other examples : This paradigm market shift towards understanding its social responsibilities is reflected in the practices of many of the Fortune 500...
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...Case studies - CSR in Pakistani perspective A selection of companies based on as a sample on various industries of Pakistan. 1. Citizen-Police Liaison Committee ( CPLC) 2. National Refinery Limited 3. Pakistan Petroleum Limited 4. Shell Pakistan 5. Pakistan State Oil (PSO) 6. Pak-Arab Refinery Company Limited 7. Sui Southern Gas Company ( SSGC) 8. Askari Commercial Bank Limited 9. Khadam Ali Shah Bukahari (KASB) Securities 10. The Bank of Punjab 11. First Woman Bank Limited ( FWBL) 12. Dollar East Exchange Company (PVT) Limited 13. Cresent Steel and Allied product Limited ( CSAPL) 14. ICI Pakistan Limited 15. Engro Chemical Pakistan Limited 16. Soccer Ball industry of Pakistan 17. Unilever Pakistan limited 18. National Foods Pakistan Limited 19. Proctor and Gamble Pakistan 20. Geo TV Citizen-Police Liaison Committee (CPLC): CPLC is a joint venture of the private and the public sectors. The few concerned and compassionate citizens, initiated in 1989 to establish the CPLC, which is over the period, become an important component of police system in Karachi. Rooted in the business community and dependent largely on private donations and on the volunteer work of business community. It conduct crime analysis, plays an important role in the investigation of kidnappings, and provides a range of police related services directly to poor and rich alike without any discrimination.[1] So in this way CSR motivate citizen to support police in fighting crime, after...
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...business. Generally speaking, corporate governance deals with interaction and relationship between business management, board of director, shareholders, and other stakeholders in the business (Abor and Adjasi, 2007). Quality and existence of the business could be determined by well-implemented corporate governance. In the practice, good corporate governance is an issue of big businesses, not for small medium enterprises (SMEs). But the fact said, SMEs contributed about more than 90% of the economic development. It is contradictory with the other fact that most SMEs could only last for ten years, before they went bankrupt. Most of the studies about corporate governance focused more on the implication of corporate governance in the big businesses (Memili, 2011; Culasso et al., 2012). There are still relatively less researches talking about corporate governance’s implementation in SMEs comparing to in the big ones (Johannison dan Huse, 2000; van den Heuvel et al., 2006). Therefore, this research aims to study the implementations of corporate governance in SMEs, and specifically comparing those implementations in family business and in nonfamily business. Aspects that would be used in analyzing the implementation are five aspects contained in Indonesia Code of Good Corporate Governance 2006, which are transparency, accountability, responsibility, independency, and fairness. To strengthen the analysis, basic characteristics of both type of business would be also used, which are ownership...
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