...Creative and Cultural Industries, MA Module: HUP057N What does a “political economy” approach to study of the Creative and Cultural Industries involve? What are its advantages and disadvantages? ID: 10048001 Anastasia Davydova 1. Introduction The intention of this paper is to define what we mean by political economy? What does this approach involve to study the Creative and Cultural Industries and what its advantages and disadvantages. This work will search through definitions, different schools and historical periods to better understand the background of Political Economy. Also this approach will be compared with another approach which examines cultural industries namely cultural studies approach to underline the main key point of political economy. This essay will briefly discuss specifics features of Creative and Cultural industries and moves to political economy approach itself with the final observation of advantages and disadvantages. “Culture is our business and business is our culture” [1] Definitions The term political economy addresses to relationship between politics and economy, how political power cooperate with economics, so politics responsible for the society and economy, in other words in charge of wealth of the society. Hence it is possible to declare that political economy examines the production and distribution...
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...Cultural Intelligence (CQ) is critical skill set that has applications far beyond private industry conducting business in the international arena. Militaries around the world spend enormous amounts of money, time, and energy ensuring that their troops are trained on weapon systems, vehicles, and equipment. NATO countries spend fortunes on preparation exercises and training to test tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTPs) across NATO Coalition Forces; honing military proficiency and effectiveness should they need to exercise force protection, demonstrate a deterrent posture, or actually fight during an operation. This preparation and expenditure is only prudent. However, very little effort, if any at all, is spent solving the "people puzzle." In reality, most stability and counter-insurgency operations are all about the people. The importance of people is true at all levels, whether dealing with the adversaries, host nation population, international community, and even one’s own nation. To be successful in these potentially diverse environments, CQ is critical. The ability to recognize the shared beliefs, values, attitudes, and behaviors of a group of people and, most importantly, to apply this knowledge toward a specific goal is just as important as equipping and training the front line war fighter to fight in a coalition environment. Cultural intelligence is a set of skills that facilitates effective cross-cultural management. CQ plays a major role in dealing with NATO...
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...CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 INTRODUCTION Economist always say that human beings behavior are rational that is, they are classified and directed at some specific point, devoid of unnecessary emotions and sentiments. In the same line of thought when a group of persons decided to join or form a co-operative society, they do so with some rationale behind their intention and or action (Sanusi, 2003). Economics reasons constitute the major motive why people join or form co-operative. It is an attempt to improve one’s income by carrying out more economic activities or improving on the performance of the present enterprise of the individual. By so doing, the member’s economic position is increased. A tailor who joins a tailors’ co-operatives society has among other reasons the economic motive(Bog-Igwe, 2007). Co-operative action takes place when individuals pool their resources together which are often meager in an effort to obtain what is needed by all but can not be obtained by the use of an individual’s resources, talents, time, information or effort. This habit has existed since the origin of humanity, that is, since the time that human beings started living together on the basis of family unit and or in a community. Co-operation is customary and instinctive solidarity. The first co-operative act of man was when the first human family started gathering food even before agriculture was invented (Mbat, 2000). The more advanced forms of traditional co-operation is demonstrated...
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...1 In this assignment I will be evaluating the role of sub-cultural factors such as social class, age, gender, race or ethnicity as they affect consumer behaviour in my chosen market. The market I have chosen to investigate is the automotive/car industry. Also I will be discussing how a marketing manager might improve their marketing through use of my analysis of sub-cultural factors. Automotive Industry Outlook Automotives are an essential part of the daily life in the UK; about 75% of households own at least one car. Despite this, the Motor Vehicle Manufacturing industry has had a bad time recently. Industry revenue is forecast to stagnate at 0.1% per annum growth over the five years through 2011-12 to reach £37.4 billion. Car and commercial vehicle production is expected to decline by 2.5% per annum over the five years through 2011, to about 1.45 million vehicles. Revenue is expected to grow by 4.2% in 2011-12 but this positive performance is nothing to be complacent about. Competitive pressures and increasing complexity have led automotive companies to look for an edge wherever they can find out. Improved customer insight into vehicle shopping and buying behaviour can provide that valuable advantage. Cultural Factors Cultural factors have a significant impact on customer behaviour. Culture is the main reasoning behind a person’s wants, needs and behaviour. Marketers are always trying to spot cultural shifts which might point to new products that might be wanted...
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...Scott / CULTURAL-PRODUCTS INDUSTRIES REVIEW / March 2004 10.1177/1078087403261256 URBAN AFFAIRS ARTICLE CULTURAL-PRODUCTS INDUSTRIES AND URBAN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT Prospects for Growth and Market Contestation in Global Context University of California, Los Angeles ALLEN J. SCOTT The article begins with a brief definition of the cultural economy. A first generation of local economic development policy approaches based on place marketing and associated initiatives is described. The possibilities of a more powerful second-generation approach are then sketched out with special emphasis on localized complexes of cultural-products industries. An extensive review and classification of these complexes is laid out, and their inward and outward relations to global markets are considered. On this basis, a critical discussion of local economic policy options focused on cultural-products industries is offered. Contrasting examples of development initiatives in major global cities, in selected old manufacturing towns, and in the Multimedia Super Corridor of Malaysia are briefly presented. It is suggested that the growth and spread of localized production agglomerations based on cultural-products industries are leading not to cultural uniformity but to greatly increased diversity at the global level. Keywords: agglomeration; cultural economy; globalization; industrial districts; local economic development; place marketing Over the past decade or so, the industrial profile...
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...service at a lower cost than its competition, which gives the firm the ability to sell its goods or services at a lower price than its competition to generate a larger margin on sales. Differential advantage when a firm’s products or services differ from its competitors and seen as better than its competitors products by customers. Most entrepreneurs and business owners know that one key to surviving in business is to have a sustainable competitive advantage and below are some of the different sources of competitive advantage: Strong research and development capabilities. A business can gain competitive advantage in its industry if it has strong research and development capabilities. It reflects the company’s product development process. Companies with strong research capabilities often lead the market with innovation. For instance, in the technology industry Apple and Sony are the two companies that have held their leadership position using innovation as a competitive advantage. Access to intellectual properties. The holding of an intellectual right; which can exist in the form of trademarks, trade names, copyrights and patents. The holding of intellectual properties is a strong source of sustained competitive advantage and General Electric company has stood the test of time because of the several patents held. Exclusive re-selling or distribution rights. Holding exclusive distribution is another source of...
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...want to thank the IME Department and this institute for providing this learning and also assisting in infrastructure and administrative work. We are grateful to all the professors for their guidance and support at each step. Their insights and teachings have played a critical role in developing this report. ABSTRACT The purpose of the project is to find out the attributes that is considered as favoritism in the workplace. A different person has different perceptions about favoritism, for someone if one factor is considered as favoritism for other it is not being considered. It’s about the perception, whether it is being considered as favoritism or not. Every attributes creates different scenario in different industry, in such scenario people over working in that industry has different perception over the attributes, whether that attributes fosters favoritism or not. Here...
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...Hispanic population has moved in to fill these positions as they generally provide a relatively cheap source of labor for the factory owners, as well as a source of reliable employment for Hispanics. This influx in Hispanic population has also triggered several cultural shifts in the area and the widespread adoption of the Spanish language, as well as many other Hispanic cultural elements. The schools in the surrounding area are being flooded with the children of these Hispanic workers and more bilingual teachers, as well as adjusted curriculums, are needed to properly educate them in accordance with governmental standards. Their influx has also created an issue with local healthcare in the area and healthcare providers are struggling to keep up with the growing number of Hispanics being integrated into the system. This topic is significant and meaningful to me because I grew up in Hanover, Pennsylvania and I have seen first hand the growth of the Hispanic population over the years. I went to school with the children of these people and I have observed how the integration of the Spanish language in my high school led to an overall cultural shift in the district. This shift is not just a local occurrence, but a legitimate cultural change that can be seen all across the country. The town of Hanover is home to several nationally branded factories that produce everything from potato chips to steering gears. South Central Pennsylvania has been dubbed “the snack food capital of the world”...
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...most classical cases of high potential-low on performance type of industry. 68 years and beyond India still is trying to find the right foot for its manufacturing sector. Back in 1950s, India had a great platform and could have set stage for a prosperous future. But it was marred by political instability, vicious fights for power, cultural prejudice, caste discrimination, lack of entrepreneurial vision and above all sheer will to understand the cost of success. The Indian concept of ‘jugaad’ is good but is it this what is required for the success of manufacturing industry? The story till date: Not a happy start Today manufacturing in India accounts for approximately 15 % of the GDP. In 1993 the manufacturing sector was also around 15% of RESTRUCTURING INDIA’s GDP DISTRIBUTION Saurabh Kumar Singh IMT-Ghaziabad GDP. With almost negligible percentage of growth, countries like China or even Malaysia, Indonesia and Philippines have shown significant improvement in the last decade. Since independence of India, the vision of the government never included good reforms for manufacturing industries. When it was the time for the Indian SMEs to understand that export was the key to ensuring their prosperous future, India was beleaguered by emergency and license Raj. China during this time was gathering forces which sky-rocketed their growth in the late 1980s. For example, the textile sector in India was a flourishing industry and the labour cost in India is almost half that of China, yet...
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...Table of Content I. Introduction 3 II. Cultural diversity 3 II.1. Advantages of cultural diversity 4 II.2. Disadvantages of cultural diversity 5 III. Organizational Culture 5 IV. Management strategies to overcome issues related to cultural diversity 7 V. Globalization 8 VI. Conclusion 9 VII. References 11 I. Introduction Immigration plays a big role in today’s business world. Especially the hospitality and tourism industry is highly affected, as this industry offers a large number of unskilled positions that can easily be provided to immigrants (Hearns, Devine & Baum, 2007). The intention of these workers who go abroad is mainly the chance to earn higher wages in the chosen foreign country (D’Netto & Sohal, 1999). According to these facts the workforce, especially in the hospitality industry, is becoming more and more diverse which can lead to either advantages or disadvantages (Kandola & Fullerton, 1998; Gröschl & Doherty, 1999; Kreitner, 2004 in Hearns, Devine & Baum, 2007). In order to overcome issues and conflicts related to cultural diversity, key authors such as Gundling & Zanchettin (2007), Primer (2000), D’Netto & Sohal (1999) , Graf (2003) and Lund (2003) have pointed out the possibility to implement diversity management strategies that help employees with the adaptation process. II. Cultural diversity Culture is a term that has many definitions in academia; Hofstede (2001) introduces culture as “the collective programming of the mind that distinguishes...
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..." has become so linked in the public eye with the term "fashion" that the more general term "costume" has in popular use mostly been relegated to special senses like fancy dress or masquerade wear, while the term "fashion" means clothing generally, and the study of it. For a broad cross-cultural look at clothing and its place in society, refer to the entries for clothing, costume, and fabrics. Although fashion can be geared towards being feminine or masculine, some fashion trends are androgynous Fashion Industry The fashion industry is a product of the modern age. Prior to the mid-19th century, most clothing was custom made. It was handmade for individuals, either as home production or on order from dressmakers and tailors. By the beginning of the 20th century—with the rise of new technologies such as the sewing machine, the rise of global capitalism and the development of the factory system of production, and the proliferation of retail outlets such as department stores—clothing had increasingly come to be mass-produced in standard sizes and sold at fixed prices. Although the fashion industry developed first in Europe and America, today it is an international and highly globalized industry, with clothing often designed in one country, manufactured in another, and sold world-wide. For example, an American fashion company might source fabric in China and have the...
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...Strategic Resource Management in Global Environments General Electric, or GE, is one of the most innovative companies in the world and leading U.S. manufacturing company that primarily specializes in the Engineering Industry. GE can trace their lineage back to when they were founded in 1892 with Thomas Edison as one of their four founders. In 1896, General Electric was one of the original 12 companies listed on the then newly formed Dow Jones Industrial Average and is the only company out of the 12 to still be listed on the Dow index. GE serves the entire world with operations in more than 140 countries across the globe with over 305,000 employees globally. With products from appliances to oil, GE remains one of the top engineering manufacturing companies in the world. In fact, when looking at the manufacturing industry as a whole, GE operates in three out of five categories as shown in the illustration. This can be contributing directly to their strategic resource management and strength in their intangible assets of their organization. This paper will address GE’s intangible assets and their impacts to their alignment in strategy in four countries of operation to include the U.S., Mexico, France, and Turkey (Fact, 2013; McKinsey, 2012). Human Capital Many organizations are now reliant on human capital to ensure their continued success and commitment to achieving the organization’s missions and objectives. For GE, the diversity is what helps drive innovation and success...
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...1. RUKUN NEGARA: THE NATIONAL IDEOLOGY 4.1.1 The Background of Rukun Negara |Date |Incidence/Instrument |Notes | |13 May 1969 |Racial clash erupted |a local quarrel flared into a racial clash | |16 May 1969 |The Yang di-Pertuan Agong(YDA) declared a state of |Special Ordinance (Special powers) Emergency, 1969 | | |emergency. Parliament was suspended. NOC was formed. |Curfew enforced | | | |Assemblies banned | | | |Security controls tightened | |August-Dec 1969 |Special Peace and Development bodies formed: |Later combined to form the Ministry of National Unity | | |National Muhibah Committee | | | |National Unity Department | | |29 Jan 1970 |National Consultative/Unity Council was formed |Advisory body for National...
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...and construction industry. There is a lot of prospect in manufacturing sector, retail sale of no-durable goods. Top 5 Products exported by Sweden | Refined Petroleum (6.2%), Telephones (5.2%), Packaged Medicaments (4.4%), Cars (3.6%), and Vehicle Parts (3.3%) | Top 5 Products imported by Sweden | Crude Petroleum (7.9%), Cars (4.8%), Refined Petroleum (4.0%), Vehicle Parts (3.4%) and Telephones (2.4%) | Top 5 Export destinations of Sweden | Germany (9.9%), United Kingdom (6.7%), Denmark (6.7%), Norway (6.7%) and United States (6.3%) | Top 5 Import origins of Sweden | Germany (18%), Denmark (7.9%), Norway (7.4%), Netherlands (6.2%), and United Kingdom (5.9%) | Sweden is ranked 2nd with an Economic Complexity Index (ECI) of 1.98292 Sweden has direct competition with Finland and Denmark. Competitive Country: Finland Finland provides an environment for business through its financial aiding and has policies which aid the work flow. The education level is being raised in Finland to become a technological and innovation based platform for business enterprise. There is a huge skilled workforce who is ready to adopt any change in work environment and adapt any changes. Industries: Energy, Agricultural and manufacturing. Denmark Denmark is known strongly for its innovative capacity. Denmark its follows a flexicurity system which is the most efficient in labor markets and it has strong social safety net. Industries: Manufacturing, shipping...
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...Airbus vs. Boeing Airbus and Boeing both compete in the highly competitive industry of manufacturing commercial aircraft. Over the years they have each controlled the market at differing times due to competitive advantages – an ability to create value through a company’s strategies and operations that its competitors cannot (ref – Strategic Management textbook , pg 22) Boeing, formed in 1916 by William Boeing and George Westervelt, dominated the industry until the 1970’s, when Airbus was organized through a collaboration between Britain, France and West Germany. Airbus began manufacturing the A-300 series which enabled them to capture 10% of the market share by 1975 (ref article), no small feat considering they were competing against the giant Boeing. Airbus’s ability to compete with Boeing and gain market share will be analyzed using the following business models: PESTEL Analysis, SWOT Analysis, Porter’s Five Forces, VRINE Analysis and Porter’s Model of Competitive Advantage. PESTEL ANALYSIS Political – Airbus was a product of a merger between three European countries; Britain, France and West Germany. In the 1970’s the political climates of all three were relatively stable. The three countries worked together in order to compete with the US. They did have to adhere to international trading policies and agreements (NAFTA, GATT). Economic – As they were competing largely in the US market, Airbus needed to constantly...
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