...Psychological Disorder Paper “Subjective experience, idioms of distress, and outcomes of treatment necessary for diagnosis of psychopathological symptoms can be assessed by judgments about at least three types of symptoms: physical, behavioral, and psychological” (2010, p. 223). This paper will examine a psychological disorder and discuss the relationship between human development and socialization of this psychological disorder. People tend to be reluctant or afraid of behaviors that do not look familiar or fit into their cultural norms. Symptoms are reported and diagnostics according what is accepted in that cultural and for people who practice particular religions. Different cultures have their own set of behavioral norms that they follow to maintain structure. Therefore, understanding behavior from other cultures may be significantly difficult to relate too. The text refers to this type of view as the relativist perspective on psychopathology because it gives a comparison to unique cultural perspective of psychological disorders. Another perspective is called the universalist perspective on psychopathology because it suggests the absolute continual of ideas and attitudes that people share despite cultural differences. It is common in some cultures to treat an illness as a disorder and label it as such. It is likely to consider normal behavior as abnormal and vice versa in different cultures. American clinicians use the DSM-IV to diagnose mental disorders. However, every...
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...Panic disorder is a psychiatric condition in which a patient experiences recurrent, unexpected panic attacks accompanied by concern about future attacks and/or a lifestyle change to avoid future attacks (Barlow 136.) The diagnostic criteria for panic disorder, according to the DSM-5, states that the patient must have: 1. Recurrent unexpected panic attacks 2. at least one of the attacks has been followed by one month or more of one or both of the following: (a.) persistent concern or worry about additional panic attacks or their consequences, or (b.) a significant maladaptive change in behavior related to the attacks, 3. the disturbance is not attributed to the physiological effects of a substance or another medical condition, and 4. the disturbance...
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...Eating Disorders and t Eating Disorders and the Psyche Jacqueline Nwaeke University of Houston Introduction Psychological disorders have long since been recognized as a serious health threat. An estimated fifty-four million people suffer from a psychological disorder of some sort. One of the most common is eating disorders, although they were not widely recognized as a physiological disorder until 1973, when Hilde Bruch published Eating Disorders: Obesity Anorexia Nervosa and the Person Within (Michel & Willard, 2003). Eating disorders affect people of all ages, races, classes and genders, although more than ninety percent of anorexia and bulimia nervosa cases occur in females, with a majority of them being from middle and upper class backgrounds (Michel & Willard, 2003). Symptoms include a refusal to keep a healthy body weight, an intense fear of weight gain or being fat, feeling fat even though the person is underweight and extreme concern with one’s body weight and image. Feeling out of control after a binge, frequent dieting and purging after a binge are exclusive to bulimia. It is not known for sure how or why an eating disorder occurs because there is no single cause. People who suffer from anorexia look and behave alike once their condition has advanced to certain point (Lucas, 2004). It is suggested that it is a result of biological, cultural and psychological influences – the biopsychological approach. Biological Effects Although it is difficult...
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...Acupuncture and Anxiety Acupuncture and Anxiety Acupuncture and anxiety are two words that go hand and hand. Acupuncture is the stimulation of specific points on the body by inserting needles to cause a change in the physical functions of the body. Anxiety is a disorder that causes fear, apprehension and worrying. Acupuncture is one that relieves stress and anxiety is a form of stress. When these two are put together, it calls for total body healing and restoration. Acupuncture is the insertion of very fine needles into the skin at specific points, in order to influence the functioning of the body. The person requiring the treatment must have a careful observation of the body, which consist of looking, touching, smelling and listening. Acupuncture came from China and is their ancient form of healing. It was invented by William Ten Rhyne, a Dutch physician. This form of healing consists of three hundred and sixty five acupuncture points. These acupuncture points are grouped into a system of channels that runs all over the body and in return produces a flow of energy throughout the body. Chinese medicine believes that the body has a natural flow called Qi. Qi travels along the body in channels called meridians. The flow of Qi is constant, and when the flow is interrupted due to an ailment, sickness or disease, it causes an imbalance. The way that acupuncture works with diseases, is that, the acupuncture points vary from person to person and treatment to treatment, therefore...
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...CBT is most effective in treating mild to moderate depression, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, Obsessive compulsive disorder and Post traumatic stress disorder (Finn, 2013). CBT is also effective for “treating problems associated with low self-esteem, unrealistic expectations of self and others, irrational fears and controlling anger” (Hepworth, Rooney, Rooney, Gottfried, 2016). CBT is typically used with adults within the dominant culture (Hepworth, 2016). Cultural minority groups often face prejudices and stereotypes that influence the therapists’ negative assumption of their narrative and cognitive processes (Hepworth, 2016). Hinton, Rivera, Hofmann, Barlow & Otto (2012) also found that CBT was limiting the effectiveness for minority populations due to the lack of incorporating the clients religious, cultural healing traditions and...
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...Anxiety, Mood/Affective, Dissociative/Somatoform Disorders Lisa Mac Donald-Clark PSY/410 January 9, 2012 Mark Hurd Anxiety, Mood/Affective, Dissociative/Somatoform Disorders There are few things in this world as complex and fascinating as the inner workings of the human mind. Understanding mental disorders will afford people the opportunity recognize when an individual is suffering from a disorder, offer assistance, and support for friends and family who suffer from a disorder and be better equip to distinguish normal and abnormal behaviors and characteristics in oneself. By analyzing the biological, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral components of anxiety, mood/affective and dissociative/somatoform disorder one can begin to understand and identify the complexity of mental disorders. Diagnostic categories and classification for the use of identifying and diagnosing mental disorders is outlined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM IV-TR) (Hansell & Damour, 2008). This paper will explore the major categories of anxiety, mood/affective and dissociative/somatoform disorders, list symptoms associated with each, and discuss the biological, cognitive, and behavioral influences of each. The DSM IV-TR category for anxiety encompasses several disorders that fall within similar or shared symptoms. Obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic attacks, specific phobias, and general anxiety disorder are a few covered in the matrix. The matrix also categorizes...
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...the question of whether I am a product of nature, nurture, or both, focusing on social anxiety. In the first part of this essay I’m going to introduce the concepts I’ll be referring to in this discussion. These include genetics, sensitive periods and parent-child interaction, neurobiological influences, and environmental influences. In the next part of the essay, I’m going to describe how these concepts pertain to the development of social anxiety, as well as how they interact with each other. Finally, I’ll address the question of whether my trait is a product of nature or nurture, and summarise. To begin with, I’m going to discuss genetic factors. Genetics involve the heredity of traits from parents to offspring, and influence many of the characteristics that offspring inherit. While many genetic traits are physical, such as hair colour, eye colour, height, etc., personality traits and disorders can be inherited as well. Analyses of genetic influence on certain traits can be seen especially through twin and adoptive studies. For example, in the Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, Maria...
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...behavior as well as to determine how and if the behavior needs to be addressed and to develop a treatment plan that will help individuals. This branch of psychology also recognizes that there are many influences such as environmental influences on psychological development. The goal of many mental health professionals is not to force an individual to achieve normality but to help individuals who struggle with mental and emotional disorders to achieve fulfilling and active lives. However, to completely understand what abnormal psychology is we need to understand the origins of abnormal psychology as well as the challenges of defining and classifying normal and abnormal behavior. It is also important to understand how abnormal psychology evolved into a scientific discipline as well as the different viewpoints or models of abnormal psychology. The following paragraphs will hopefully help us to completely understand the branch of abnormal psychology. Origins of Abnormal Psychology The field of abnormal psychology has only existed for about 100 years. Although, there have been many forms of mental illnesses have been recorded throughout history. When an individual exhibited abnormal behavior, it was considered to be caused by demons, spirits, as well as planetary and astral influences. During the Stone Age, an individual exhibited signs of abnormal behavior the skull of the individual...
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...“Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is an anxiety disorder in which people have unwanted and repeated thoughts, feelings, ideas, sensations (obsessions), or behaviors that make them feel driven to do something (compulsions) (NIMH, 2016). Often the person carries out the behaviors to get rid of the obsessive thoughts, but this only provides temporary relief. Not performing the obsessive rituals can cause great anxiety (MINH, 2016). A person's level of OCD can be anywhere from mild to severe, but if severe and left untreated, it can destroy a person's capacity to function at work, at school or even lead an uncomfortable existence in the home” (NIMH, 2016). OCD is can be accompanied by “depression, eating disorders, substance abuse, a personality...
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...Psychological Disorder Paper Erica Vazquez PSY 450 University of Phoenix Abstract This paper will examine the psychological disorder Obsessive Compulsive Disorder and the relationship it has between human development and socialization as well as how human development and socialization affect people with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder. Psychological Disorder Paper The U.S. National Library of Medicine describes Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) as, “ an anxiety disorder in which people have unwanted and repeated thoughts, feelings, ideas, sensations (obsessions), or behaviors that make them feel driven to do something (compulsions).” Essentially, the obsessions are the spontaneous and tedious contemplations, while the compulsions are the actions that result from the disorder. Even though OCD is exhibited as recurrent and persistent thoughts and impulses, would it be just to consider every type of compulsive behavior or obsessive thought as OCD? (Shiraev &Levy, 2010) According to Shiraev & Levy, “ Specific repetitive behavior – praying, for example –– should be judged in accordance with the norms of the individual’s culture and should clearly interfere with social role functioning to be diagnosed as OCD (DSM-IV, P. 420) “ (2010, p. 231). With this in mind a more concrete explanation of the relationship between OCD and human development and socialization. Obsessive Compulsive Disorder According to the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) OCD affects...
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...in school has attracted the attention of teachers and parents to seek counseling. Using two theories (Developmental and Cognitive) to address client’s need, Shayla has been diagnosed with depression and anxiety disorder. The etiology of client’s behavior was determined including the strength and weakness of therapeutic approach. Shayla family unit was consider owing to the fact that her mother is African American and wanted to marry a Latino American. Due to the dynamic of Shayla’s family composition different family systems such as (systemic, traditional and strategic) were consider for proper adjustment. Proper diagnosis were assessed, reviewed and evaluated for mental health treatment team professionals to follow. There are ethical and legal guidelines associated with treatment such confidentiality, informed consent and right to privacy. Table of Content Project topic --------------------------- page 1 Abstract ----------------------------------page 2 Table of content -------------------------page 3 Theories ----------------------------------page 4 Strength and Weakness -----------------page 5 -7 Cultural factors --------------------------page 8 - 9 Family systems --------------------------page 10- 11 DSM Diagnoses -------------------------page 12 -13 ...
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...of particular interest for those working with students with emotional and behavioral disorders. Several factors, including biological influences, family relationships, school environments, and cultural values impact how students conduct themselves. In an effort to reduce or eliminate the occurrences of problematic behaviors, educators, behavior management specialists, counselors, and administrators are turning to applied behavior analysis (ABA) and functional behavioral assessments to determine and address the various factors that contribute to disruptive behaviors. Biological Factors When assessing the root causes for emotional and behavioral disorders, biological determinants are often overlooked or disregarded (Johnson, 1989). However, recent research indicates that there are several biological factors related to the prevalence of ADHD and conduct disorders. Neurological deficits, chemical imbalances, and poor nutrition can have a direct impact on the choices that students make (Johnson, 1989). Environmental contexts can serve to either intensify or diminish the level of influence these factors have over behavior. Neurological Deficits Neurological deficits are often related to learning disabilities. When students become frustrated learning content, their frustrations may lead to disruptive behaviors. Some students may be predisposed to certain conditions, while other disorders may be a result of health impairments. Some neurological conditions cannot be treated...
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...Anxiety Disorder Dawn Murray Bryant & Stratton College PSYC101 Ms. Sara Bevilacqua 10/1/2014 Abstract Anxiety is a state of intense worrying. This disorder affects 6.8 million people in the United States each year. People who suffer from this disorder may face psychological and physical symptoms. Fortunately, there are many different treatment options available. Anxiety can happen for a specific reason or for no reason at all. There are many psychological and social situations that many cause a person to have anxiety. This paper will discuss the causes, symptoms, treatments and implications of anxiety disorders. Anxiety Disorder Anxiety is a state of intense worrying usually accompanied with physical and psychological symptoms. Anxiety can happen after a distressing situation or for no reason at all. 6.8 million people in the U.S. population are affected by anxiety in any given year. Women are twice as likely to be effected (General Anxiety Disorder, 2010). This paper reviews what anxiety is, it’s causes, the associated symptoms, current treatments, and workplace implications. We all experience anxiety but what causes it? The two main causes are psychological and social situations. Strong evidence supports the theory that genetic components are involved (Ghinassi, 2010). Anxiety is known to run in families. Studies show that certain anxiety disorders are inherited; a growing body of evidence suggests that there is genetic vulnerability to developing...
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...disturbance (or behavioral disorders) represent 8.1% of all students ages 6–21 served under IDEA, or .72% of the school population (U.S. Department of Education, 2002a). However, prevalence studies have suggested that the actual percentage may be much higher. Boys outnumber girls in this category by about 3.5 to 1 (Oswald, Best, Coutinho, & Nagle, 2003). Emotional disturbance refers to a number of different, but related, social-emotional disabilities. Individuals classified as emotionally disturbed meet several criteria established under IDEA, including the following: An inability to exhibit appropriate behavior under ordinary circumstances An inability to maintain relationships with peers or teachers An inappropriate affect such as depression or anxiety An inappropriate manifestation of physical symptoms or fears in response to school or personal difficulties These characteristics must be manifested over an extended time period and have a negative effect on school performance (U.S. Department of Education, 2002a). Individuals classified as emotionally disturbed represent a range of severity, and the disability itself may be temporary or permanent. Specific emotional disturbance areas include childhood schizophrenia; selective mutism (failure to speak in selected circumstances); seriously aggressive or acting-out behavior; conduct disorders; inappropriate affective disorders such as depression, social withdrawal, psychosomatic disorders, anxiety disorders, self-mutilating behaviors;...
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...American psychological disorders included in the DSM to other countries is an ineffective approach at attempting to aid mental health patients in those countries. Watters educates readers about the dangers of applying American mental disorders to individuals in other countries due to differences in diets, culture, and social norms. He documents a series of case studies in which victims of mental health disorders in various countries are affected by culture and societal norms. He argues that classifying a mental illness under a generic American disorder is dangerous and downright inappropriate. American mental disorders are not “one size fits all” and exportation of them can cause significant damage to the people in the countries who suffer from mental health disorders. I concur with Watters’ chief point that cultural specificity must be accounted for and significant cultural differences exist throughout the globe, particularly in the field of mental health. The first case involves anorexia in Hong Kong, in which a 14-year old girl died suddenly. When reporters investigated her death, they entered her symptoms into the Google search bar to attribute a cause of death. The results configured symptoms very similar to American anorexia. Due to this revelation, the media orchestrated awareness campaigns, which stimulated an increase in the amount of women who reported suffering from anorexia in Hong Kong. By way of this example, Watters sheds light on the cultural differences that play...
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