...Abstract This essay will focus on the differences in types of encounters and the degrees of cultural change have left on the world today and what are the legacies of cultural change. You could almost call this the evolution of societies and cultures through cultural encounters. The first step of globalization actually began with the encounters of cultures. In the last few weeks leading to this week’s assignment is we discussed how early civilization influenced each other we seen how the Roman and Greek civilizations had an impact on each other to some degree. We are now exploring how specific countries have all seen and dealt with the topic of cultural syncretism. Cultural Syncretism Still Waiting on First Question From Trya….. What cultural factors caused the differences in outcomes? Some of the cultural factors that caused the different outcomes that the Westerners encountered in both China and India are that they each had very different beliefs. Each culture had its own power, control or dominance (Sayre, 2010). In China, the Chinese would have rather stayed isolated that to be influenced by the Mongolians. In the Song dynasty prospered with their production of iron and therefore their government ended up being controlled by the merchants, they were extremely wealthy. They also had intelligent citizens due to the fact that they had an advance on their printing. They were able to print books and these books helped them get ready for their exams. The Chinese...
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...History 22 May 2024 The Harlem Renaissance: A Flourishing of African American Culture The Harlem Renaissance was a pivotal period in American history that spanned the 1920s, marked by an extraordinary outpouring of African American art, literature, music, and thought. This cultural movement not only redefined African American identity but also had a profound impact on the broader American cultural landscape. The movement was characterized by a newfound sense of racial pride and a desire for social and economic equality. This book explores the contributions of key figures in the Harlem Renaissance, the impact of their work, and the lasting legacy of this significant cultural awakening. ORIGINS OF THE HARLEM RENAISSANCE The Great Migration, which saw millions of African Americans move from the rural South to urban centers in the North, set the stage for the Harlem Renaissance. Harlem, a neighborhood in New York City, became the epicenter of this cultural explosion. The migration brought a concentration of talented individuals who sought to escape the oppressive conditions of the South and to find new opportunities in the North. The vibrancy and diversity of Harlem provided the perfect environment for a cultural renaissance....
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...make success seem possible to all. But what if success was not attainable for all, regardless of work ethic and all other factors that may contribute to it. What if, based on predetermined occurrences, success was easier for some to obtain because of those occurrences? The Outliers written by Malcolm Gladwell, is the author’s compiled study of success and how it very much so can be attributed to all of the normal factors (i.e. talent, work ethic, passion) but are also heavily influenced by the cultural and societal forces that give rise to opportunistic individuals. Through several cases of well known individuals who are deemed to be successful, we as a society easily fall into the myth that successful people are self-made. Gladwell writes that most successful people “are invariably the beneficiaries of hidden advantages and extraordinary opportunities and cultural legacies that allow them to learn and work hard and make sense of the world in ways others cannot.” Gladwell’s definition of an outlier is a person who is out of the ordinary “who doesn't fit into our normal understanding of achievement.” According to Gladwell, great men and women are beneficiaries of specialization, collaboration, time, place, and culture. Those who are successful are not only successful because of their own merit, but because they were born into the right circumstances (i.e time, family,...
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...arises is: "What forces are powerful enough to counteract the value-creating energy of economies of scale or global market presence?" Culture has emerged as one of the dominant barriers to effective integrations. In one study, culture was found to be the cause of 30 percent of failed integrations.1 Companies with different cultures find it difficult, if not often impossible, to make decisions quickly and correctly or to operate effectively. What is "culture"? Culture consists of the long-standing, largely implicit shared values, beliefs, and assumptions that influence behavior, attitudes, and meaning in a company (or society). This definition has several important implications: Culture is implicit. People who share in a culture find their culture challenging to recognize. The most insightful cultural observers often are outsiders, because cultural givens are not implicit to them. Culture influences how people behave and how people understand their own actions. As a result, culturally influenced beliefs and actions feel right to people, even while their implicit underpinnings make it difficult for those people to understand why they act the way they do or why other ways of acting might also be appropriate. Culture is resilient. Its elements are long-standing, not a matter of fads. The resilience of...
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...For Portfolio, Programme, Project, Risk and Service Management PRINCE2® Business Benefits Dr. Ian Clarkson, QA White Paper January 2010 2 PRINCE2® Business Benefits Section 1 Introduction As the pace, amount and complexity of change continues to increase, transforming operations so as to achieve a beneficial future state whilst maintaining ‘business-as-usual’ remains the crucial challenge for organizations. This challenge creates a natural tension which, in most cases, always requires more time and money to manage than anticipated. Projects provide the means by which organizations can transform their business operations. Project management, therefore, is the mechanism by which this transformation process is managed. This white paper discusses the business benefits that organizations can attain by adopting a structured, controlled, repeatable and robust project management method. The particular project management method ‘under the spotlight’ in this white paper is PRINCE2®. The content of this white paper is structured as follows. Section 2 discusses what PRINCE2 is and its place within the global project management industry, whereas Section 3 defines exactly what is termed ‘PRINCE2 Business Benefits’. Section 4 ‘makes the case’ as to why formal project management (and, indeed, a structured approach) is needed with Section 5 exploring the business benefits of adopting PRINCE2 from the perspectives of 1) the commercial sector, 2) the public sector, 3) the voluntary...
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...continued and eventually resulted in revolutionary ways of thinking and real change in the cultural fabric of American life. No longer content to be images of the generation ahead of them, young people wanted change. The changes affected education, values, lifestyles, laws, and entertainment. Many of the revolutionary ideas which began in the sixties are continuing to evolve today (Bradley & Goodwin, 2010). Because of the sixties, I was able to grow up in a neighborhood where different cultures live harmoniously. Before the sixties, non-white people were not allowed to mixed-in with the white families. It is because of the 60s that one neighborhood can include a Hispanic family, and Asian family and an African-American family (Carter, 2010). The Civil Rights Act of 1965 gave more people the right to vote and took down the obstacles which prevented many people from participating in democracy and exercising their full rights as citizens. This enabled me to exercise my right as an individual living in the United States. The Civil Rights Act provided not only me but a lot of people the right to be vote, be heard, and express their opinion (Farber, 1994). The legacy of the 1960s can be seen including society and family structure in America. America. American society is more open now and could be described as being more flexible because, for example, there are now many more definitions of family (Carter, 2010). Unlike previous decades, the two-parent nuclear family is...
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...Compare and contrast the legacies of cultural syncretism in Africa and the Americas with the resistance to cultural change Westerners encountered in China and India. What cultural factors caused the differences in outcomes? What legacies have the differences in types of encounters and degrees of cultural change left today? Had syncretism not occurred in the Americas, how might modern culture be different? If cultural syncretism had taken root during early encounters in China or India, how might they be different today? The quest for wealth and power brought Europeans to Indian shores in 1498 when Vasco da Gama, the Portuguese voyager, arrived in Calicut (modern Kozhikode, Kerala) on the west coast. In their search for spices and Christian converts, the Portuguese challenged Arab supremacy in the Indian Ocean, and, with their galleons fitted with powerful cannons, set up a network of strategic trading posts along the Arabian Sea and the Persian Gulf. In 1510 the Portuguese took over the enclave of Goa, which became the center of their commercial and political power in India and which they controlled for nearly four and a half centuries. Economic competition among the European nations led to the founding of commercial companies in England (the East India Company, founded in 1600) and in the Netherlands (Verenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie--the United East India Company, founded in 1602), whose primary aim was to capture the spice trade by breaking the Portuguese monopoly in Asia...
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...compass of values/principles * Professional ethics: shared and mutually enforced professional norms * Business Ethics: application of values within a business context/the authenticity and integrity of the enterprise * Law is not ethics: law is a baseline of societal expectation, a floor limiting action, and often address past events; has a hard time anticipating future misconduct * Our legacy-touchstones: Secular legacy (family, Gandhi), Religious legacy, work legacy * Our core principles and values often begin with our role models, our family, culture, our roots, the society in which we live and work Lecture 2 * Two axes of ELI: Autonomy-Equality, Rationality-Sensitivity * The ELI is not suggesting you change your perspective and allows you to self-identify. The ELI gives a better understanding of the strengths and challenges in our view of lens. * Four lenses of ELI: Rights/Responsibility Lens (I am responsible), Relationship Lens (I am fair), Result Lens (Make choice that good for everyone), Reputation lens (concern about legacy, reputation) * Tools for analysis: Rights/responsibility: reason. Relationship Lens: Authority. Result lens: Experience. Reputation lens: tradition. * Risk: Rights/responsibility: Being autocratic. Relationship Lens: Being authoritarian. Result lens: reducing decisions to cost-benefit analysis. Reputation lens: self-righteousness. * Ethical decision making: -Be attentive, -Be intelligent, -Be...
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...Beginning this section with Korean Air and cultural legacy, Gladwell proposes that where we come from culturally, determines are conformation of rules of speech and interpretation. Korean Air in the 80’s was one of the worst airlines for plane crashes statically but by the 2000’s they were able to turn themselves around because they trained their pilots in English, therefore allowing them to be more direct in the cockpit rather than suggestive. Another legacy that Gladwell brings to focus is the link between China and math. In China, rice farming is a crucial part of society.. After describing China’s importance on rice farming, Gladwell gives a brief explanation of the number system in China. Statistically, Chinese children can count up to 40 two years sooner than American children. Rice farming involves perfectionism, long, rigorous days and no days off. The more work you put into a rice paddy, the more benefit you will reap. According to the book, it is estimated that the average rice farmer will put in 3,000 of work a year. Rice farming in China has led to a cultural belief that hard work can be equated to success, a key factor in school according to...
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...Technology Solutions which mainly focusing on the areas of Insurance, Institution of Government and public sector and other numerous financial sector services. By application of industrial expertise, broad capabilities and strategic alliances, Mastek (UK) able to offer different kind of integrated portfolios in IT products and related services. These services are including Consulting of IT, Development of Applications, Integrations of systems, Outsourcing management, testing, storing. It also further performing business such as Business Intelligence, Security applications, Modernization of Legacy and Data Migrations. At present company’s employee strength is over 3500 peoples from different nationalities and it operating across the US, Canada, UK, Europe, Asia Pacifica and Middle East. Thus, Mastek operating eight of world class global delivery center in India and Malaysia. A person who took the cultural experience in this organization is working as a software engineer, who transferred from India Mastek to its UK branch. Nature of the Business Mastek (UK) Using an established framework, Mastek has over two decades of proven experience in the development and maintenance of large enterprise data warehousing and business intelligence decision support systems. Mastek's data warehousing and business intelligence solutions can help drive a lower total cost of ownership for your enterprise and are backed up by delivery models with stringent quality processes to reduce the risk and improve...
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...Case Study: Integrating ERP Systems in a Decentralized Company Much more in-depth planning should have been undertaken before launching the ERP project. Medical Device Corporation (MDC) should have formed a committee composed of one to two representatives from its various divisions who have expertise on business and IT strategy. This committee would have been able to identify situations the company needed to address in the event of problems transitioning to the new enterprise resource planning system. Had MDC organized the committee, it would have sent the message to the businesses that each division’s input was valued. In the past, each division made individual decisions for their respective business unit. However, headquarters made the decision to implement Oracle as its ERP. Additionally, most of the managers had no experience in IT or employing ERP systems. The company did not take its global markets into consideration and how the new system would affect it. MDC is one of the largest companies in the medical device industry with majority of its revenues coming from overseas markets. Many of MDC units were using nonintegrated systems that were not modernized. The company did not take into consideration how the system upgrade could affect how the overseas systems would communicate with headquarters and other regional sites. The group should have come up with better timelines on how to phase the new system for each division. Since MDC took a hands-off approach to technology...
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...Myth’s Implication of Cultural Values For the purposes of this essay, I will employ the following definition of myth: “a popular belief or tradition that has grown up around something or someone; especially: one embodying the ideals and institutions of a society or segment of society.” Poignantly, this definition does not include the common correlation between myth and falsification. While myth may include ostensible histories or exaggerated events, falsification is not crucial nor significant in the creation of myth. Whether or not a culture’s myth relies on scientific or historical fact is irrelevant to the core of its application. A culture’s myth or belief is vital in the realm of their world view, stresses, and precedencies, not its...
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...considered the River Don, rather than the Phasis, as the boundary between Europe and Asia.[11] Europe's eastern frontier was defined in the 1st century by geographer Strabo at the River Don.[12] The Book of Jubilees described the continents as the lands given by Noah to his three sons; Europe was defined as stretching from the Pillars of Hercules at the Strait of Gibraltar, separating it from North Africa, to the Don, separating it from Asia.[13] A cultural definition of Europe as the lands of Latin Christendom coalesced in the 8th century, signifying the new cultural condominium created through the confluence of Germanic traditions and Christian-Latin culture, defined partly in contrast with Byzantium and Islam, and limited to northern Iberia, the British Isles, France, Christianized western Germany, the Alpine regions and northern and central Italy.[14] The concept is one of the lasting legacies of the Carolingian Renaissance: "Europa" often figures in the letters of Charlemagne's court scholar, Alcuin.[15] This division—as much cultural as geographical—was used until the Late Middle Ages, when it was challenged by the Age of Discovery.[16][17][why?] The problem of redefining Europe was finally resolved in 1730 when, instead of waterways, the Swedish geographer and cartographer von Strahlenberg proposed the Ural Mountains as the most significant eastern boundary, a suggestion that found favour in Russia and throughout Europe.[18] Europe is now generally defined by geographers...
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...THE IMPORTANCE OF CULTURAL DIVERSITY IN ORGANIZATIONS LITERATURE REVIEW ------------------------------------------------- INTRODUCTION Cultural Diversity is more than a matter of representation of cultural differences. It also respect and value differences, whether of gender, race or ethnic origin, differences based on lifestyle, appearance of language proficiency, communication and decision making. Diversity is causing concern for organizations, although initially was seen as irrelevant to the effectiveness of the organization. The truth is that the most important developments of an organization derived from human diversity (Palmer, 2003). The management of diversity begins primarily as a voluntary initiative by organizations in recruiting workers belonging to different groups of social identity. Managing diversity brings with it the legacy management: the classic traditional notions of control, leadership, organization and power. Hays-Thomas (2004) propose a more meaningful understanding of cultural diversity, which focuses on groups that systematically have faced discrimination and oppression at work. These historically disadvantaged groups generally include women, people of religious and ethnic minorities with or without disabilities, older workers, and homosexual. Nowadays, organizations that invest on human diversity are developing a source of competitiveness at national and international level. These organizations are also more capable in the global economy...
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...entrepreneurship; efficiency; growth; hard work--reward; independence/personal freedom Dislike: inequality; concentration of money and power; narrow definitions of success; economic value privileged over social value; power of corporations. Socialism: the components * Public ownership of means of production * Government runs the means of production * Central planning * Needs of people decided by a central committee * Distribution of good without profit motive * Goods produced and distributed for general welfare (Global) Neoliberal Capitalism Capitalism: private ownership of means of production; market compe…. Neo-liberalism Goals: * Macro-economic stability * Increased FDI * Integration into global economy * Modern development * Debt servicing Privatization:私有化 Market liberalization:市场自由化 Fiscal austerity:财政紧缩 Hegemony: * A word used to describe how the status quo can be preserved through consent as well as coercion. * One way to gain consent for the status quo, even if it is unjust, is to make the social arrangements that are in the best interests of the dominant group appear to be in everyone’s best interests. When hegemony works, we see social cooperation where there would be conflict. (2 more) eg. Colonial example of white minority rule: * cultural hegemony * European norms in colonies were seen as: ”civilized, stylish and decent”...
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