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Universality Reflection

It is hard for universality to exist among so many different cultures. There can be universality in a few certain cultures, which are somewhat similar. The appropriate level of universality for psychological phenomenon can be argued upon because some study might indicate to one level whereas other might suggest a different level. Because of the presence of this hierarchy of levels of universality highlights the complexity of discussions of whether a psychological process can be said universal.
In my view, there obviously can be found universality among all cultures but it is the universality we posses as humans. Like people in all cultures have a sex drive, an idea of bliss, a concept; or “ the tendency for individuals to do a better job at well-learned tasks and worse at poorly learned ones when in the presence of others---has been shown to occur in humans”(ch.1, pg.21). I believe it is the universality we carry as humans, not a universality in cultures.
I think accessibility universality (a psychological phenomenon is equally accessible in all cultures) is hard to achieve and is possible in some cases. Because to achieve accessibility universality, we need to conclude that a psychological phenomenon is used to solve the same problems across cultures, and is equally accessible to people in all cultures. However if we find that a cognitive tool is not present in all cultures, this would reflect upon the absence of universality, which is termed nonuniversal. Where as if the tool is present but it is not used to solve the same problem in all the cultures, it is termed existential universal. And if it is used to solve the same problem but is not accessible to people in all cultures it is said to be functional universal. Therefore, it is hard to say if the phenomena are likely accessible universal because of this hierarchy of levels of

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