...Executive Summary Why are the rainforests so important to human and animal life? Scientists believe the rainforest are considered the “world’s lungs” and actually eliminates CO2 from the atmosphere and provides oxygen for every living creature. In addition, pharmaceutical companies are realizing the importance of the discovery of anti-cancer drugs that are only found in plants in the rainforest. We are not thinking of the consequences that deforestation of the rainforest will have on the Earth. We need to stop the deforestation and the destruction of the rainforest before it is too late. It is said that Mother Earth has given many responsibilities to the trees. Without the trees in the rainforest, it could have global implications not just on life but the quality of life to all living things. Trees in the rainforest improve the quality of the oxygen that all creatures breathe by trapping carbon and other particles produced by pollution. Trees also determine rainfall and replenish the atmosphere. As more water is able to be put back in the atmosphere, clouds form and provide another way to block out the sun’s heat. Trees are what cool and regulate the earth’s climate in conjunction with other such valuable services as preventing erosion, landslides, and making the most infertile soil rich with life (Connor, 2009). To be considered a rainforest, the forest must get at least 80 inches of rain per year. Most tropical rainforests get anywhere from 160 to 400 inches of rain...
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...In most with type 1 diabetes, the body’s immune system mistakenly destroys the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. In type 1 diabetes, there’s no insulin to allow glucose into the cells, so sugar builds up in the bloodstream. Both types of diabetes may affect the body but type 1 affects major organs in the body, such as the heart, blood vessels, nerves, eyes and kidneys. The exact cause of this type of diabetes is unknown but factors that contribute to type 1 include genetics and exposure to certain viruses (Mayo Clinic). Type 1 can be found in a person at any age, but the most common age for being diagnosed with this disease is in childhood and teenage years (Family Doctor). Signs and symptoms of type 1 diabetes are increased thirst, frequent urination, extreme hunger, blurred vision, unintended weight loss, and fatigue (Mayo Clinic). People with these symptoms should go see their doctor right away to be tested for...
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...When Radiation therapy Kills? Case Study Mar, 5, 2012 Submitted To: DR. Hassan M. Selim Prepared by: Group 4 Khaled Al Qubaisi Waleed Al Zaabi Ali Al Tamimi Mohamed Al Jefri Summary The new radiation therapy comes with high expected from manufacturers, doctors and technicians a long with the hospitals and state oversight agencies to cure people illness from cancers; however, what if these complex machines show the negative impact of technology and its power to kill people and steal the hope of having a healthy life! Also, in many cases, low software design, poor human – machine interfaces and lack proper training are other reasons of hospital failing to cure people who have cancer. This case study illustrates how bad radiation therapy machines are and the carelessness of technicians using these machines; both cause people death. Some examples regarding the awry of radiation treatment are the death of Scott Jerome-Parks and Jn-Charles. Jerome-Parks has tongue cancer and after getting dosages of radiation, his illness becomes worse. This is because of machine malfunctions and technicians error in using it. What has happened to him is that his brain and neck has exposed to a big amount of the radiation because of a computer error as technician uses the new multi-leaf collimator. As a result, he has deafness, near blindness, teeth falling out and difficulty in breathing and eventually he died. The other patient, Jn-Charles, was having aggressive breast cancer and...
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...Crohn's Disease Nicole DeMase Health and Chronic Management Nur 427 December 6, 2010 Tiffany Fitch, MSN, FNP-C Crohn's Disease Patient information: A 21 year old Jewish-American presents to the emergency department with severe diarrhea and complaints of abdominal pain, decreased appetite for over two weeks and weight loss of 10lbs. The young Jewish man has no other medical problems and denies any family history other than an older brother that was diagnosed with Crohn’s when he has 20 years old. Currently, the young man is enrolled in college pursuing a career in criminal justice and did advise the emergency department staff of a learning disability. The young man requested that any information about his diagnosis should be put into writing so he can reference the information any time he has any questions. With that saying, I have provided informational facts about the disease and what a person just being diagnosed with the disease should know. Crohn’s disease that affects more than 500,000 people in the United States is a chronic inflammatory disease that causes inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. Crohn’s does can affect any area of the GI tract, from the mouth to the anus, but often affects the small intestines also known as the ileum. The inflammation causes abdominal pain and makes the intestines empty frequently causing severe diarrhea and also malnutrition. Sign and symptoms of Crohn’s disease often range from mild to severe and also can have periods...
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...existence in Africa for many years especially in the West African regions. A 20yr old 1st year dental student named Walter Clement Noel from the island of Grenada studying in Chicago,went to Dr. James B. Herrick with complaints of pain episodes, and symptoms of anemia.Herrick was a cardiologist in Chicago and not too interested in Noel’s case so he assigned a resident, Dr. Ernest Irons to the case. Irons examined Noel’s blood under the microscope and saw red blood cells he described as “having the shape of a sickle”. When Herrick saw this in the chart, he became interested because he saw that this might be a new, unknown, disease. Noel was readmitted several times over the next three years for "muscular rheumatism" and "bilious attacks" but completed his studies and returned to the capital of Grenada (St. George's) to practice dentistry .He died of pneumonia in 1916. In summary, in 1910, Herrick described an anemia characterized by bizarre, sickle-shaped cells. The role of deoxygenation was discovered in the 1920’s by Hahn and Gillespie. The hereditary nature of the disease was suspected but not demonstrated until 1949 by Dr. James V. Neel. The association with hemoglobin was discovered by Linus Pauling. (Sickle cell. Howard.edu2017) DESCRIPTION OF THE DISEASE Sickle cell anemia known as the structural abnormality of the shape of red blood cells presents with Vaso-occlusive crisis and pain crisis that threatens the life expectancy of an individual is due to genetic mutation of the...
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...with increased lower abdominal pains (cramps), diarrhea for past five days, and decrease nutrition consumption because of pain. She states she has lost some weight over the past week but does not know how much. She has increased fatigue and weakness. She has allergies to Lipitor, Demerol, Florinef Acetate, penicillin, Vancomycin. The patient lives at home with her spouse and has a few friends she sees on a regular basis. The patient states she has never smoked, nor has she ever drunk alcohol and no one in the house does either. She does consume 3-4 diet pops a day that contain caffeine. The patient states she has no medical training or knowledge other than the conditions, which she has a history of. She seems to have memory deficits of unknown etiology and very high anxiety issues with very high dependency or separation issues (needing someone near her at all times and demanding). The patient’s medical history consists of kidney stones, urinary tract infection (UTI), high cholesterol, irritable bowel syndrome, diabetes mellitus (Type 1), acid reflux, allergic rhinitis, addison’s disease, osteoporosis, osteopenia, anxiety, and depression. She has a surgical history of: cholecystectomy, colonoscopy, liver biopsy, and hysterectomy. After asking the patient how she learns best, she states “I learn better with a hard copy and someone going over the information me and my husband.” Also assessed were her needs. The acute stage she needs IV access, pain meds, a strict diet of nothing...
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...Running Head: AIDS AIDS Michael W. McAlister Baker College Center for Graduate Studies Table of Contents Abstract 3 Introduction 4 History 6 Origin 9 The Hunter Theory 9 The Ingestion Theory 9 Polio Vaccination Theory 10 The Conspiracy Theory 10 Spread 11 Research 12 Infection 13 Prevention 13 Cure 14 Conclusion 15 References 16 Abstract This library research paper will provide the reader with a history of AIDS, where and how it originated as well as the public’s common belief of how AIDS was transmitted to humans, subsequently creating an unstoppable pandemic. This article provides scientific substantiation on the spread infection and prevention of the disease as it known today. Introduction A pandemic is an epidemic of an infectious disease that spreads through human populations across a large regions such as a continent or spreads worldwide (Pandemic, 2010). Since the eighteen hundreds and early nineteen hundreds, the United States has battled many pandemics and outbreaks of various diseases that have had devastating effects on the public health during the periods they existed by causing thousands of deaths. Pandemics such as the polio pandemic which broke out in 1916 was responsible for killing 6,000 people, the great influenza of 1918 also known as the Spanish Flu was responsible for killing 50 to 100 million people in just six months (The Worst Outbreaks of Disease, n.d.). The number of people killed by this...
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...cs Table Contents……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….1 Summary 2 Literature review 5 Biological applications of bioinformatics 5 Real world application of bioinformatics 6 Conclusion 9 References 10 Summary Bioinformatics is a field in biotechnology that involves the application of technology involving computers to manage and analyze biological data. In this, computers are used in gathering, storing, analysis and the merging of biological data. Bioinformatics is not a research area by itself but lies between biological sciences and computational sciences. The main goal of bioinformatics is to review the value of biological information that is hidden in the large amount of data come up a clear picture of the basic biology of organisms. There are several fields that have been revolutionized by the technology used in bioinformatics (Ouzounis & Christos, 2012). These fields include human health, the environment, agriculture, energy and biotechnology. This science of bioinformatics is also called computational biology and has found a lot of use in increasing the quality of life. Bioinformatics developed due to the great need to internalize the DNA which is the code of life. Growth in the field of bioinformatics has been facilitated by development of many DNA sequencing projects. The basic biology of life is controlled by the basic molecule of life called DNA. The DNA acts as the blue print for genes which code for proteins. The proteins coded for...
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...Introduction Relatively little is known about dementia, a disease which affects over 35 million people worldwide (Norton, et al., 2012). Early signs and symptoms may be confused with the “normal” aging process. Those with the disease often try to cover up their mental decline in the early stages, making early diagnosis even more difficult. Educating the medical community and the general population about the signs, symptoms and causes of dementia is an important step in seeking out a cure for this fatal disease. Dementia is a general term for a syndrome that is progressive in nature and is marked by deterioration in cognitive function that is greater than what would normally be expected. There are many types of dementia, the most common of which is Alzheimer’s Disease. Alzheimer’s Disease accounts for over 60% of the cases of dementia. Vascular Dementia is the second most common form. Others include Lewy Body Dementia, Parkinsonian Dementia, and Frontotemporal Dementia. There is no cure for any type of dementia, although there are treatments that help lessen the symptoms. Dementia is a progressive disorder and always results in death, either from complications such as falls" or pneumonia or the dementia itself. The number of people with dementia worldwide is expected to reach over 115 million by the year 2050. The current cost of treating dementia is over 1.5 times that of all cancers combined (Hurd, 2013), yet it receives significantly less dollars for research. ...
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...OUR CHILDREN AND ADHD AMANDA WENTZEL COLUMBIA SOUTHERN UNIVERSITY Abstract ADHD also known as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is a condition that is near to my heart. My 15 year old daughter was diagnosed with ADHD at age 6. We have struggled with this since day one. I have researched ADHD, the protocol for diagnosing ADHD, coping with ADHD and of course treatment methods for ADHD. It has came to my attention that ADHD is becoming diagnosed more frequently and that children are sometimes misdiagnosed with ADHD and subsequently treated for the condition and it may be unnecessary. ADHD is becoming common yet the diagnosing method is pretty vague and the medications for this are sometimes harmful if not needed. There are other forms of treatments and there are also coping skills and lifestyle changes that can be beneficial for those who have ADHD and their families. I researched some of these other methods and the facts on ADHD. I have found some interesting information that I hope will help others that deal with this diagnosis. This paper states actual facts and it is my intention to help others understand ADHD and know the facts surrounding the diagnosis and treatments. People are becoming more and more familiar with ADHD and it seems to be being diagnosed more frequently. First things first, what is ADHD? ADHD is abbreviated for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is diagnosed by symptoms. One of those...
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...ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IS CAUSED BY ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND INNOVATION HAS TO BE SUSTAINABLE Economic development is separate to entrepreneurship and innovation as it is usually the result of both products together. It refers to changes in living standards or welfare over time. Entrepreneurship and innovation are interlinked and if one of them is achieved, the other must also be. Entrepreneurship is defined as one who introduces “the carrying out of new combinations,” (Schumpeter, 1934, p.74) whereas, innovation is the introduction of a new good or service into the market and can be split into two types: “the first refers to a gradualistic movement as tastes and populations change and refinements in business are developed. The second refers to spontaneous, discrete or discontinuous, internally generated changes which cannot be progressively associated with other causes,” (Binks & Vale, 1990, p.23) therefore, the first is gradual and is described as incremental innovation and the second is spontaneous which would be regarded as radical innovation. Radical innovation is classed as more significant for economic development. It is the idea of a discrete product that changes living standards more so. For example, for the camera industry in 2004: “Kodak and Fuji were among the first to embrace digital imaging technology and currently dominate the digital camera industry. Polaroid, on the other hand, faltered in the introduction of a digital camera.” (Danneels, 2004, p.252) So, this...
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...Introduction and Abstract Copyright(c), 1984, Fred Cohen - All Rights Reserved This paper defines a major computer security problem called a virus. The virus is interesting because of its ability to attach itself to other programs and cause them to become viruses as well. There are two spellings for the plural of virus; 'virusses', and 'viruses'. We use the one found in Webster's 3rd International Unabridged Dictionary Given the wide spread use of sharing in current computer systems, the threat of a virus carrying a Trojan horse [Anderson72] [Linde75] is significant. Although a considerable amount of work has been done in implementing policies to protect from the illicit dissemination of information [Bell73] [Denning82], and many systems have been implemented to provide protection from this sort of attack [McCauley79] [Popek79] [Gold79] [Landwehr83], little work has been done in the area of keeping information entering an area from causing damage [Lampson73] [Biba77]. There are many types of information paths possible in systems, some legitimate and authorized, and others that may be covert [Lampson73], the most commonly ignored one being through the user. We will ignore covert information paths throughout this paper. The general facilities exist for providing provably correct protection schemes [Feiertag79], but they depend on a security policy that is effective against the types of attacks being carried out. Even some quite simple protection systems cannot be proven 'safe' [Harrison76]...
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...OUTLINE Siberian Tiger I. Introduction a. How I Became Interested b. Threats c. Groups Helping d. Chances of Survival II. History a. Name b. Habitat c. Stages of Life/Behavior III. Characteristics a. Physical Features b. Reproduction/Mating c. Population Trends IV. Challenges and Threats a. Poachers b. Natural Threats c. Human Activity V. Outlook a. Things Being Done To Conserve b. Groups Working On It and Challenges They Face c. What Can You Do To Help VI. Summary d. Is This Animal Expected To Survive e. What Are the Chances f. Remainder of remaining population On July 28, 2002, my family and I visited the Houston Zoo. As we walked looking at the different animals and exhibits, a group of Siberian tigers caught our attention. We were amazed at how large and beautiful they were. While admiring the tigers we were invited to attend an exhibit on the Siberian tiger. The exhibit was on the preservation of the Siberian tiger. During the exhibit there was a lecture given informing everyone on the life on the Siberian tiger. I learned that the Siberian tiger is considered critically endangered. There are many groups and organizations that are fighting for the preservation of the Siberian tiger. The Wildlife Conservation Society is one group fighting to save the Siberian tiger. Another group is the Siberian Tiger Conservation Association. I think that the Siberian tiger has no chance of its continued survival. Siberian tigers...
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...The Usefulness of Stem Cell Therapy Biology 103 SUMMARY A potential treatment for stroke victims is stem cell therapy. Stem cell therapy has made great advancement in this area. However, it is still in the trial phase and has only been tested on animals. The research article I reviewed showed that regardless of which type of stem cell was used either allogenic bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSC) or adipose-derived-stem cells (AD-MSC) the results were incredible. The hypothesis was that if either BM-MSC or AD-MSC was given to a stroke victim within 30 minutes of the stroke that it would increase the effectiveness of their recovery. The method used to test the hypothesis was four test groups of ten rats. Each group was given different variables and then tested at the 24 hour mark after the stroke and at the 14 day mark after the stroke. The results validated the hypothesis, the two groups that had been administered either of the stem cells BM-MSC or AD-MSC showed vast improvements in their recovery. At the 24 hour mark they were functioning well ahead of the groups that did not receive the stem cells and at the 14 day mark they had made almost a full recovery. What is a stem cell? It does not matter the source of a stem cell, they are all unspecialized cells that are converted into more specialized cells (Biology Junction, ND). Stem cells have the capability of becoming one of more than 200 specialized cells in the body (Biology Junction, ND). The function of stem...
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...After the Raptor leaves, Agathon flees into the wilderness and tries to elude Cylon forces, surviving by using anti-radiation injections and the other contents of his survival kit. Eventually, he is captured by a Number Six copy, but is rescued by Valerii (unknown to Agathon, his rescuer is another copy of Cylon model Number Eight).[8] Valerii's true motive in accompanying Agathon is the participation in a Cylon experiment designed to attempt to create a viable Cylon/human hybrid offspring. The Cylons track Agathon's progress toward a military base in Delphi, placing him in situations designed to result in affection and ultimately love towards Valerii. The experiment results in a successful pregnancy after Valerii has sex with Agathon,[9] though as an unintended side effect, she falls in love with him as well.[10] Agathon soon discovers the truth about her Cylon nature after spotting another Number Eight copy while trying to infiltrate the Delphi military base. Believing that he is being led into a trap, he runs from the base and Valerii.[11] She eventually catches up to him and reveals she is pregnant. Despite shooting her in the shoulder, Agathon realizes he can't bring himself to kill her and instead, at her urging, takes her with him to the Delphi museum. It is there he is reunited with fellow Galactica pilot Kara "Starbuck" Thrace, who is on a special mission from President Laura Roslin to recover the Arrow of Apollo.[12] After nearly being killed by Thrace, Valerii steals...
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