...meaning of it is "custom is a basic of judgment". The meaning of custom basically coming from the word "adah". It is also come from the word "urf" which brought up with the meaning with "adah". However there is slightly difference between word "adah" and "urf". "Adah" is referring toward only one person while "urf" referring toward a group of peoples. The definition of "adah" in the language term is something that repeatable or in other term habit. "Adah" can be referred as some actions or words that repeatedly be doing by human and that action is acceptable by human mind and nature. If the actions or words that had been used by a person toward a certain motive and repeat the actions it will be considered as "adah" or habit. If that actions is follows by others and widespred used among peoples it will considered as "urf". In the context of the maxim, custom and habit considered as the important thing in the part of human life. The actions that repeatedly being doing and actually become habit and custom in human life and society if the actions is not practiced will become a problem toward the situations. The basic example of the situation is the ijab and qabul in the transaction. Most of the places usually do not do the ijab and qabul the transaction even in the mazhab al-syafiiyah the ijab and qabul is a part of the transaction. But in term of Al-Adah Muhakkamah the custom of the society is like that, the transaction is become valid. In syariah point of view, the custom can be a part...
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...Customary international Law, according to Article 38(1)(b) of the International Court of Justice Statute is defined as “evidence of general practice accepted as law”. A more implicit definition says, “Customary international law develops from the practice of States. To international lawyers, the practice of states' means official governmental conduct reflected in a variety of acts, including official statements at international conferences and in diplomatic exchanges, formal instructions to diplomatic agents, national court decisions, legislative measures or other actions taken by governments to deal with matters of international concern. (Public International Law In a Nutshell: 22-23). In examining customary international law in light of these definitions, this essay will seek not only to answer the questions of whether its method of creation is uncertain, its method of development, mysterious and its application arbitrary. Customary international law is created when a norm or principle embraces a particular set of characteristics. There has been great debate among legal academics as to the uncertainty of this method of creation. However, the implicit characterization of what is considered to be customary international law suggests that there is some measure of certainty pertaining the method of creation. According to Berkeley Law, for a principle or rule to be characterized as customary international law it must comprise of three undeniable characteristics, which include state...
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...of Glossary of Customs Terms |Accounting | |Simplified name for Canada Customs coding form used by customs brokers to submit | |Document | |complete import shipment details including HS codes, valuation, and origin | | | |information. Also called B3 or Entry. | |ACI |Advanced Commercial |Program that provides CBSA officers with electronic pre-arrival cargo information | | |Information |from various carriers and freight forwarders in order to identify health, safety | | | |and security threats related to commercial goods before the goods arrive in | | | |Canada. ACI program Phase I and Phase II covers goods shipped via air mode and | | | |marine mode, respectively. ACI program Phase III covers highway and rail shipments| | | |via the eManifest method. | |ACIS |Automated Customs |CBSA computerized, bilingual, 24/7 telephone service that automatically answers | | |Information System |all incoming calls and provides general pre-recorded customs information. | |ACROSS ...
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...Required for Customs Clearance for the Goods. XIII Documents required for Customs Clearance of goods for export Shipping Bill/Bill of Export-This is the main document required by the Customs Authority for allowing shipment, Basically, shipping bills are of four types. The major distinction between on type and another Shipping Bill lies with regard to the goods being subject to certain conditions: export duty/cess, free of duty/cess, entitlement of duty drawback, entitlement of credit of duty under DEPB Scheme and re-export of imported goods. The documents required for processing of Shipping Bill are as follows: GR forms in duplicate for shipment to all countries 4 copies of packing list giving contents, quantity, gross and net weight of each package. 4 copies of invoices indicating all relevant particulars such as No. of packages, quantity, unit rate, total f.o.b./c.i.f. value, correct and full description of goods etc. Contract, L/C, Purchase Order of the overseas buyer AR4(Original and duplicate) and invoice Inspection/Examination Certificate The formats presented for the shipping bill are as under: White shipping bill for export of duty free of goods prepared in triplicate Green shipping bill for export of goods under claim for duty drawback prepared in quadruplicate Yellow shipping bill for export of dutiable goods prepared in triplicate. Blue shipping bill for exports under the DEPB scheme prepared in 7 copies. For goods cleared by Land Customs, Bill of...
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...EXPORT & DEEMED EXPORT CONCEPTS (WITH BENEFITS AT A GLANCE) [Extracts from D.V.Shidhaye’s Compilation on C.D. “EXPORT AND DEEMED EXPORT BENEFITS (Practical approach to encash).] Key Notes (1) There are changes in the in the new FTP 2009-2014. Customs has also issued new Notifications and amended old Notifications to give effect to the changes in new FTP. Summery of all changes is given by Customs in its Master Circular No. 26 /2009-Cus. [F.NO.605/58/2009-DBK] dated 30/9/2009.This is available in Chapter 26 of this book. (2) Accordingly Department of Revenue issued following Notifications (a) No. 91/09-Cus to 103/09-Cus. All dated 11/9/2009 (b) 104/09- Cus and 105/09- Cus both dated 14/9/2009. (c) 109/09-Cus dated 24/9/2009 (d) 23/09- CE (NT) dated 25/9/2009 (e) 112/09-Cus dated 29/9/2009. These are issued to implement the policy and the handbook. Then the salient features of all these are explained briefly in this important circular No. 26/2009 –Cus dated 30/9/2009. Summery of these Notifications is given in Para 3.6 Chapter 3 of this book only as ready recknor. 1. Export (Physical) Removal of goods from factory of manufacture or warehouses or godowns for onward exportation out of India either by Sea or Air or Road or Courier or Post is direct or actual export. Shipping Bill and Export Invoice are key documents. Here payment is received in freely convertible foreign exchange by Government and exporter gets it in Indian Rupees (at the exchange rates...
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...FOREIGN INVESTMENTS AND TRADE No change in custom duty, excise duty reduced and EXIM policy modified Custom duty on two-wheelers has remained unchanged at 10.3 per cent from last few years. However, in the recent Interim Union Budget 2014-15, excise duty on twowheelers was reduced by 4 per cent from 12 per cent in 2013-14 to 8 per cent. Also, CKD definition changed in the Union Budget 2012-13 continued to affect only premium bike category which are priced above Rs 1 lakh. Various measures has been taken under new EXIM policy to in order to promote exports. Investment policy The Auto Policy (formulated in 2002) allows 100 per cent foreign direct investment (FDI) in the automobile industry through the automatic approval route. (The policy is in line with the commitments made by India to the WTO). Minimum capitalisation requirements have been abolished, in line with India's commitments to the World Trade Organisation (WTO). International companies can invest in India either by picking up a 100 per cent equity stake or by acquiring a share jointly with a domestic company, in the auto and auto ancillary segments. The policy aims to promote a globallycompetitive auto industry in India and develop the country as an international centre for sourcing auto components for manufacturing small cars, tractors and two-wheelers. Removal of quantitative restrictions In order to comply with the WTO agreement, quantitative restrictions on the import of new and used two-wheelers have been...
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...How will cross-border ecommerce affect the customs declaration and inspection? 1.0 Introduction International ecommerce is called cross-border ecommerce, when consumers buy online from merchants, located in other countries and jurisdictions. In today’s complex economic world, neither individuals nor nations are self-sufficient. In 2012, Cross-border ecommerce sales reached $300 billion, while global online trade is expected to rise to $1.4 trillion by 2015. We can find that fast-developing business is changing the way of doing business in almost all aspects especially for the customs. Customs declaration and inspection are of great importance when a country importing goods or exporting. But because the features of e-commerce, the traditional way of declaration and inspection began to be low-efficiency. So some changes must be made. According to these views, this essay will give a comprehensive study about e-commerce. Firstly, this essay will make a general overview of cross-border e-commerce, and the second part will focus on the current situation of customs declaration and inspection. Then it will analyze the pros and cons of some customs policy. Finally it will put forward some recommendation for countries to expand cross-border ecommerce. 2.0 An overview of cross-border ecommerce In the modern society, the Internet allows consumers to shop online globally, purchasing products and services which may be unavailable or expensive in their home countries from websites in...
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...1. What kind of information and services does the Web site provide for individuals, small businesses, and large businesses? List these services. The UPS website provides information and services regarding billing, shipping, tracking, and business solution for large and small businesses, and individuals. Services for Individuals are: • My UPS and UPS account – This service has features such as billing information, account summary, address book, etc; and can be maintained online by the customer. • Shipping – The customer can create and start a shipment online, calculate the time and cost for the shipment, schedule pick-ups, and create returns and imports. • Tracking – This feature allows the customer to track packages and freights with services like Quantum view, UPS my choice, Flex global view and Void a shipment. • Freight – Services for freight are Critical Freight, Air Freight, Ocean Freight, LTL (Less then truckload) and Trucking (Full truckload), and UPS Cross border connect. • The website lets customers order supplies online. • UPS Communication via E-mail – The website has features like New product announcements/enhancements, promotions and offers, newsletters, and service updates/ regulatory changes. • Customer service – Customers will be able to contact to the UPS staff via Live chat, phone call, and other online support. They can also connect with UPS on Facebook and Twitter. • Locations – Customers can find various UPS locations on the website....
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...Merchandise Export from Indian Scheme as per Foreign Trade Policy, 2015. I. Objective: * offset infrastructural inefficiencies and associated costs, * involved in export of goods/products manufactured in India, * to increase the export competitiveness. II. Incentives available under MEIS: * Duty Credit Scrips in the form of shall be granted as rewards under MEIS, which will be ultimately used for: (i) Payment of Custom Duties for imports, except items listed in Appendix 3A. (ii) Payment of excise duties on domestic procurement of inputs or goods, including capital goods as per DoR notification. (iii) Payment of service tax on procurement of services as per DoR notification 58. (iv) Payment of Customs Duty and fee as per paragraph 3.18 of this Policy * Exports of goods through courier or foreign post office using e-commerce, as notified in Appendix 3C, of FOB value upto Rs. 25000 per consignment will be entitled to benefits. * If the value of exports using e-commerce platform is more than Rs 25000 per consignment then MEIS reward would be limited to FOB value of Rs.25000 only. III. Conditions to be fulfilled to avail those benefits: * Notified goods/products * with ITC[HS] code, exports to notified markets * Listed in Appendix 3B. * Exports of notified goods/products with ITC[HS] code, to notified markets as listed in Appendix 3B. Service Export from India Scheme (SEIS) I. Objective: encourage export...
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...must hire a customs broker. In the event that the clearance of the goods should be entrusted to the professional, the importer must submit to him the basic documents required to draw up the Declaration of Income, which may be presented to Customs via Internet. WHAT IS A CUSTOM BROKER? It is the person authorized by the Ministry of Finance to act before the competent organizations of the customs service in behalf of him who hires his services in customs activities. LIABILITY SERVES ME WHAT A CUSTOMS AGENT? * Get Import Documents: - Commercial Invoice - Packing List - Import license - Certificate of origin - Import declaration - Transport documents (air-Start guide to knowledge) - Andean Declaration of Customs agents are civil and administratively liable for any fraudulent act or negligent omission that harms or may harm the interests of the Treasury or that is contrary to the best service in the State or who should provide their constituents. Also personally liable for such actions or omissions when they be ascribed to its partners, agents or assistants, subject to their responsibility and the right repeat. Customs agents are considered public employees for all purposes of the Penal Code and the responsibilities arising from the offenses referred to in the Customs, tax or other laws by which compliance and enforcement applicable to Customs. customs value - Other certificates or seen good * Check the correct filling * Sign the goods to the customs area to prepare...
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...nations, face a shortage of teachers and candidates from countries like India fulfill their teaching requirements. In fact, the requirement is high not just for teachers, but also for school administrators, teacher's aides, and instructional coordinators. The objective of this paper is to find out the role of the school administration in enhancing the productivity of teachers through the process of mentoring. The word Mentoring has its origin in the Greek Language. “Mentoring--from the Greek word meaning enduring--is defined as a sustained relationship between a youth and an adult” [Dennis, 1993]. It is the process in which successful individuals go out of their normal routine to help others to establish goals and develop the skills to reach those goals. This means that mentoring is more like adopting a person and showing him a path, mostly a tried and tested one by a successful senior. The elder person always provides support, advice and assistance in times of need. There are basically two types of mentoring: they are natural mentoring and planned mentoring. Natural mentoring happens informally as in families. Planned...
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...Role of the Mentor Introduction In line with the preparation of mentors, this assignment will aim to look at mentorship in depth. A variety of aspects around mentorship will be discussed, the first being the emergence of mentorship. This will explore what emphasis was placed on learning prior to Project 2000, and then moving to present day and the different documents that were implemented and the benefit these had on the mentoring process. Several definitions of mentorship will be addressed due to the lack of consensus regarding this. As a result, a clear distinction will be made between the differences of clinical supervision, perceptorship and the mentoring process. This will lead onto the role of the mentor, focusing upon relationships and the different theoretical perspectives around the formation of these. Also being explored in this section will be characteristics needed by the mentor as well as their responsibilities. The following topic to be explored will be learning styles and the environment. A definition of learning will be offered leading onto the learning environment and audits that are in place to ensure placements are up to scratch. This is followed by a description of learning models, looking at research that displays deficits with these. Also being looked at are the individual learning styles and characteristics. The final topic will be assessment; the author will offer a definition of assessment. This will lead onto formative and summative assessment...
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...Definitions The definitions below are to explain the research clearly: Mentor. These are individuals whom possess both experience and knowledge in the work place, and because of this, they are able to offer guidance to those who are starting in their company (The Pennsylvania State University, 2005) Protégée. The individual whom the mentor provide with guidance and support (Journal of Business and Psychology, 2001) Social Exchange Theory. Social theory that states that people continue or terminate relationships based on the weight of the benefits and costs of doing so (pyschologyabout.com) Leadership. A relationship between leaders and followers, both individually and in group, in mutual pursuit of organizational outcomes and in the fulfillment of individual needs and wants (Mavrinac, 2005) Value. The regard that something is held to deserve; the importance, worth, or usefulness of something (google.com). Methods and Procedures The primary research was conducted by administrating an electronic survey to ten working people. The survey ranged from questions on their thought of mentorship in the work place to whether they had actually implemented it and if was proven successful. Secondary research was gathered electronically. Findings Since its early history, mentorship in the workplace has proven to be successful in almost all instances when implemented correctly. Through mentorship, protégées are able to learn the both the values of the company and...
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...mostly unsupervised and the innovative ideas I have applied to GCSS-J and other programs has established a trustworthiness of my character to TEP for my own task or a current one already contracted by the company. 2. I want to continue in enhancing data accessing or mining applications for the GCSS-J program, as well as mentor others in applying the same application to their programs. Leadership: 1. Since the trust of the company’s leadership has seen fit to place me in areas of greater responsibility, I want to continue with working with peers and mentoring less experienced associates, so the company may optimize my experience. Teamwork is an essential element in TASC’s service to our government. 2. With my seasoned experience in testing protocols and the research requirements prior to fielding, my valuable knowledge would be appropriately used in leading a program or assigned more involvement in mentoring others in preparation for testing, requirements during the testing, and standards for compiling testing data. Development: 1. I would like to continue my development at TASC by submitting a bid for a government project. In so doing, I would research, coordinate, and conduct all phases required to meet the contracted project. Concurrently, if the task requires additional personnel, I want to develop an environment of responsibility while leading the task with the core competencies of leadership, mentorship, and accountability. 2. I want to continue...
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...Biblical Worldview Essay As I have learned in this course, and the last five months of rebirth and renewal in my Christian faith, we all are created in the image of God. He desires a personal relationship with every one of us, and He seeks each of us out to have that relationship. Yet many of us turn away from Him and his love for a multitude of reasons. Inspired by my own life experiences, my future career plans are to become a peer mentor, or crisis counselor helping other fellow veterans with their life challenges. That is if I ever go back to work, as my accident in September has left me unable to work, in which case I would then use my knowledge and life experiences to do the same but in a volunteer capacity. I feel that this is what I am destined to do, and on the day of my wreck, God gave me that message. By using a foundation based on my Christian worldviews, and personal experiences I feel that I can greatly help to inspire, motivate, and encourage my patients to not give up, to know that they are not alone in their struggles, and that everyone has a life plan, they just need guidance finding it. One example I could use without evangelizing to my patients is the power of renewal. A lot of veterans with PTSD usually do not have a strong Christian faith as I once didn’t, and sometimes totally discount God and religion, (as I had done). Renewal is the process of restoring spiritual strength coming from new birth. The experience of coming home from a combat zone after...
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