...Case Study 1: Cyber Security in Business Organizations Abstract This paper examines the importance of cyber security in business organizations and discovering better methods to combat cyber terrorism in the future. Data breaches in the work place have become an increased threat to personal privacy as well as to the economic livelihood of many organizations. In this paper we will further examine how a simple data breach almost brought the retail giant Target to the brink of destruction and provide detailed accounts of other recent data security breaches that have effected other business organizations and discuss what could be done to prevent them. Cyber Security in Business Organizations Modern global industries rely heavily on the data that they acquire to stay relevant in order to compete in a constantly moving world of technology. Protecting present and future data from potential cyber theft has become a vital need to the economic livelihood of today’s organizations. In today’s business world, organizations must prepare themselves for not only increased vulnerability attacks from exterior threats of cyber terrorist seeking to gain access to a company’s private data and resources but also have to take in account and be mindful of the interior threat of disgruntled employees whose mission is to expose or sale company sensitive or secret data for their own profitable gain. In today’s era of computing, cyber security can be described and defined in several ways...
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...Corporate/Cyber Espionage You’re the owner of ABC Candy Company and just about to debut your latest and greatest chocolate snack when your biggest rival over in Asia at XYZ Candies introduces its latest snack, that is almost a doppelganger to yours. Have you just been a victim to corporate cyber espionage or just extremely bad timing? In 2012 federal agencies alone reported 46,562 cyber security incidents compared to only 5,503 in 2006. In 6 years the number of incidents has multiplied over 8 times. (LUKAS, 2013) And what is the cost of this to companies in the U.S.? It is figured the price tag for this theft of information is at least 250 Billion dollars each year. This is significantly higher than what businesses pay each year, in federal corporate income taxes. (LUKAS, 2013) Meanwhile, McAfee provides an estimate encompassing global remediation costs to total a staggering $1 trillion per annum. (Paganini, 2013) Cyber corporate espionage attacks and threatens corporate America, government programs and individuals daily in new and unrelenting ways. But who is committing these attacks and why? How are individuals, groups, companies and even governments’ gaining access to supposed secure information? And how are you and corporate America going to detect and remove these threats from your daily lives? Let’s first start with just the basic definition of just what is corporate cyber espionage Cyber espionage is defined as the intentional use of computers or digital communications...
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...Sherief Beshara ENG 302-DeFazio Metacognitive Assignment Role of Cyber Security in Preventing Future Attacks 1. Copy/paste the following items from your major scholarly project into your Metacognitive Assignment document: * One of the main concerns is whether or not we are prepared for a cyber war. We have to equip ourselves with the education and understanding of what goes into preventing a cyber-attack and what we need to be on the offensive side. Our safety depends on it. Cyber security plays a daily role in our protection and we don’t even realize it. * Another opposing view shows that cyber security sometimes is not enough, and that the need for it is not just limited to our government, but also corporate America is in deep need for cyber security to protect its databases from malicious software and hackers that are always ready to invade and attack their firewalls. Bruce Schneider, a security expert with the Berkman Center at Harvard, mentions how important encryption is and mentions that it “protects our data from criminals. It protects it from competitors, neighbors, and family members. It protects it from malicious attackers, and it protects it from accidents” (Bailey). That is why encryption needs to be automatic to any type of data that needs to be protected or that is a target to any hacker out there. He is saying that encryption just generally puts a protective cover over all the data that needs to be protected and just protects it from everybody, even...
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...ENG 221 Cyber bullying In today’s world social media has become a big part of people’s social life, because it has become so popular bullies have discovered a new way to bully other people, in a much faster and easier way. During the last couple of years, “Forty-two percent of kids have been bullied while online and one in four has had it happen more than once” (End to Cyber Bullying).Whether it’s a Facebook account, or Twitter account, it seems like anyone can make an account and automatically start communicating with other people, and because of our technology today cyber bullying is easy for others to do. Cyber bullying happens world-wide twenty four hours a day seven days a week. Because of this, it is hard to keep specific statistics of how and when cyber bullying occurs. One million children and teens were harassed, threatened or subjected to other forms of cyber bullying on Facebook during the past year (Internet Safety). According to a survey conducted by i-Safe America, the statistics are as follows: thirty-five percent of kids have been threatened online, and one in five had it happen more than once. Twenty-one percent of kids have received mean or threatening e-mail or other messages. Fifty-eight percent of kids admitted that someone said mean or hurtful things to them online. Four out of ten say it happened more than once. Fifty-three percent of kids admitted to having said something mean or hurtful to another person online. One in three has done so more than...
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...Jalinous June 16th, 2014 11:55 PM Introduction In this paper I will discuss network security and I will give a detailed description of the area while discussing different technologies that are involved. There are many ways to provide network security and a lot of different aspects to keep in mind. There are a multitude of people who want to attack the internet and everything that it loves. Well luckily there are big security companies like Cisco and Symantec who are there for the user like Tron, and will constantly defend newly discovered loopholes and vulnerabilities. See what global implications network security has and what the future may hold as I discuss the cutting edge technology and applications that new companies are coming out with. What is Network Security? Network security is a terminology that is used to describe any and all actions that are taken to protect and defend a network. Any action that is driven towards network security should be taken to protect the safety, reliability, usability, and the integrity of the network and all of its data. In order to explain network security a little better, I want to define what a network is. A network is defined as a system or grouping of interconnected items or individuals, and as an arrangement of vertical or horizontal lines that intersect one another (Cisco). When using the term network within the realm of technology, it refers to interconnected computers within a system or a group that can communicate with one another...
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...Operation High Roller CSIA 301 November 23, 2014 New forms of cyber crime continue to come up all the time. Technology has aided the theft of money from bank accounts from banks from all over the world and one such cyber attack was Operation High Roller a cyber attack that targeted corporate bank accounts. According to The Wall Street Journal, these attacks which began in Europe spread to Latin America and even the United States (Booker 2012). The attackers did fraudulent transfer of money from accounts belonging to financial institutions. For instance, in the United States, the victims of the attack were companies whose commercial accounts had a minimum of several million dollars. The attackers sent SpyEye and Zeus software to hack computers that were infected with malware. This cyber attack has an extensive network and automation which interacts with serves that are used by their target victims. But much of the transactions are carried out in the servers used by the criminals. Two security firms, McAFee and Gurdian Analytic (Business Insider) were behind this discovery and they realized that there was no human participation required in the transactions. All the criminals needed were insider understanding of the goings on in the banking industry transaction systems. They then developed commercial and custom codes which they maliciously used to siphon millions of dollars into their virtual accounts. About sixty serves were identified as the ones used in making attempted...
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...It is a program to help increase security for containerized cargo shipped to the United States from around the world. They address the threats to border security and global trade by the potential for terrorist use of the containers to deliver weapon. ("CSI: Container Security Initiative | U.S. Customs and Border Protection," n.d.). The CSI ensure all containers that pose potential risk for terrorism to be inspected before delivering. Putting US CBP officers in foreign location to help identify the container before coming to the United States. CSI are ports in North America, Europe, Asia, Africa, Middle East, Latin America and Central America. Most of the prescreen work are done by this program. According to CBP.GOV, the Container Security Initiative has three core elements. To identify high-risk containers, Prescreen and evaluate containers, and use technology to rapidly prescreen the containers. The CSI tries to do all the investigation and screening early in the process using the technologies like large-scale X-ray and gamma ray machines and radiation detection devices. This way they can scan fast and will not slow the movements of the...
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...Modern Day Attacks Against Firewalls and Virtual Private Networks Electronic technology is growing at a rapid rate; more devices are made mobile and wireless, but with those improvement and developments come flaws and malicious opportunities. Cyber attacks are on the rise and no system or device is immune. Many organizations employ multiple layers of firewalls but that doesn’t completely eliminate the threat. Attacks against firewalls and virtual private networks or VPNs are constantly being exploited with new methods everyday, but they are yet another obstacle that a cyber criminal must overcome. First let’s discuss what a firewall is and what a firewall is capable of doing. Firewall applications are normally used to protect and secure private networks. A network can have a software, hardware or both firewalls installed and they provide the “ability to control in-bound and outbound traffic”, according to Pirc of Sans Technology Institute (para 2, nd). Most Microsoft operating systems today come with a firewall installed and Microsoft suggests that you should have a firewall set up on each system in your home, even if you have a hardware firewall such as a router that has security policies adjusted, this can help prevent any malicious activity from spreading across your home network. Most firewalls contain a variety of policies but they all at the very least have the same basic policies that can be set up. There are 3 common policies that you...
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...Introduction Cybercrime targets both government and private industries with various methods and motives behind them. Those various attack methods can make a significant damage ranging from an individual identity theft based scale to national scale concerning its security as a sovereign nation. In other words, cybercrime equally brings serious concerns for both private industries and government. Also, private industries have an interchangeable relationship with government agencies as client to provide services. Most of utilities-related critical infrastructure systems in every city are mostly managed by private organizations. As we are more depending on technological management of such critical infrastructure and centralization of such system throughout the network, cybercrime targeting those critical infrastructures can have detrimental effects for both private and government sectors. There has been a steady increase in numbers of cybercrime with its benefits over the traditional crime in the past decades. Cyber criminals are getting smarter and equipped with more resources with every passing days and are becoming bigger threats. Therefore, it is important to scrutinize those cybercrime-related issues as well as to delve into planning a well-thought out countermeasure for both private and government sectors in various aspects for betterment of safer society of the information era. In this paper, Part I addresses how government intervention justifies telling private industry...
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...whatever their interests lay. Computers are now in almost every school, home, and business. They have helped increase productivity and made our lives so much easier. Due to the ease computers have made, it has also opened a door for a new breed of criminal. Cybercrime is on the rise. Cybercriminals use the Internet to spread their viruses, worms, and other hacking tools, like phishing, to steal people’s identity or sign them up for expensive services, which they reap the profits. However, some of these criminals do it for thrill of the chase. According the reading CompCriminal.doc there are two types of cybercriminals, the non-professional hacker and the professional hacker. Another form a cyber-attack called the DoS attack or denial-of-service. “The attack is designed to paralyze websites, financial networks and other computer systems by flooding them with data from outside computers.” (James, 2009). The first document case of a DoS attack was in 2000 by a 15-year old Canadian boy nicknamed “Mafiaboy”. This attack was against several e-commerce sites including eBay.com and Amazon.com. There have been several other hackers prior to “Mafiaboy”. Two of the notorious cybercriminals were Kevin Mitnick and Robert Morris. In 1982, Mitnick broke into the North American Air Defense Command’s computer system. Mitnick was arrested, and convicted for his cybercrimes 1989, which was the first time he was convicted. In 1988, Morris created an Internet...
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...Stones: Bullying in America Thomas Martin BEH – 331 September 20, 2011 Professor Shalanda Moten Table of Contents Introduction 3 Bullying Defined 3 Bullying in Schools 5 Bulling in Gangs 6 Workplace Bullying 7 Innovation in Intervention 8 Aggression Replacement Therapy. 9 Promoting Issues in Common. 11 Managing Workplace Bullying. 12 Conclusion 13 Sticks and Stones: Bullying in America Introduction Bullying is an age-old problem that persists into the twenty-first century. Although it is one of the most pervasive issues in American schools, bullying tends to receive very little attention from faculty or administration. Learning institutions often advertise themselves as bully free environments, but events occurring on these campuses are frequently those that are responsible for long-term trauma and for the emotional scarring of those who are victimized. When incidents of bullying are ignored or downplayed, aggressors gain increased confidence and tend to repeat similar offenses. This often creates a cycle of aggression and rule breaking behavior that extends into adulthood. “A study showed that sixty percent of identified bullies during their grade six through nine years eventually were involved in at least one criminal conviction by age twenty-four” (Whitney & Smith, 2007, p. 21). Childhood bullying is not only an issue in its own right. It is one that has also been found to lead to dire consequences in adulthood. Clearly, what is required to break...
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...real threat to the information technology infrastructure in the United States. While safeguarding information has been a major issue for the private and public sectors since the beginning of the computer era, the increased level of concern over the most recent attacks has resulted in devoting more resources to combat this threat. This paper analyzes numerous cyberattacks by Russian computer enthusiast group Chaos Hackers Crew and other hacktivists during Operation Allied Force in 1999, that included taking down and defacing various NATO and US Government websites, several successful virus propagation attempts on military servers and countless spamming storms. This particular case raises curious questions about the legal definition of term cyberconflict itself, magnitude of the damage from a potential cyberattack on U.S. Government by terrorists and the level of preparedness of key military and intelligence units for the cyberwar. The cyberterrorism threat is real, however it’s essential to recognize that preserving the state of continuous distress over computer vulnerabilities can be profitable. Based on this research, cultural differences play a huge role in the world of computer hackers who decide what entity to attack and how, also the scale of a cyberattack doesn’t matter as economic damage can be devastating regardless of its size. Global governments need to continue working on creating workable laws that accurately describe the problem of cyberattacks and effectively enforce...
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...will be discussed is virtue ethics, which is the study of the virtuous character of a person (Mosser, 2010, p.1.7). The contemporary theory that will be discussed is emotivism, which is basing one’s moral decisions on one’s feelings and emotions (Mosser, 2010, p.1.8). Concluding, I will discuss which theory is closer to my own personal view and why I chose that particular theory. While freedom of speech and personal connection are very important, age appropriate moral standards should be upheld in the media because media plays a significant role in suicide, bullying, and self-worth. According to Mosser (2010), virtue ethics seeks to find “not what makes an act good but what makes a person virtuous” (p.1.7). Indeed, a virtuous person has and shows high moral standards. So if media plays the role of a super peer in multiple realms, shouldn’t media also exemplify these same high moral standards? Healthy balances with proper limits need to be enforced with mass media and society. One way to do this...
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...are the ethical, legal hackers (2002). Companies pay them to find holes in software or networks and fix the problems. The difference between white hat hackers and black hat hackers is that white hats have permission to carry out their attacks on a company to fix the problems. (2) A majority of company owners say that white hat protection is the only true way to ensue security in their businesses. White hats use the same programs and knowledge as black hats do. They usually stay in the cyber underworld to keep updated on attacks and information. Black hat hackers are the most rare and elite of all the hacker groups. Most are connected with criminal activities, such as espionage. (2001) Not all hackers labeled black hat hackers are connected with criminal activities in real life. There are many "old school" hackers considered black hat. They are the ones that are usually from the 1960's and use the word hacker with honor and freedom. (Quinter 2) Most of these hackers do not have a negative intent they are usually programs from Stanford or MIT. They have good ethics and believe in open source and fixing flaws in programming. Most black hat hackers are criminals and are very powerful. (Glenn 8) Political and personal revenge is a major motivating factor in becoming a true black hat hacker, but the most elite hackers go for the money. Industrial espionage is one of the best paid jobs for a hacker. A typical espionage attacks takes about three weeks and they usually pull in a million...
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...Social Actions on bullying A social problem is any certain condition or a group of events that causes public attention/troublesome situation, and requires a change for the betterment of the society and the individuals affected by it. Human beings face plenty of issues in their lives and not all of them become social problems. The construction of social problem highlights how the society defines to be the appropriate way to do things. The critical thinking model has been used to analyze today’s social issue “Bullying”. What is critical thinking? Basic critical thinking is inquiring the nature of the issue using problem solving skills. It involves maximizing and minimizing parts of the social problem, keeping in mind its’ importance. Changes are required as action plans and hence they need to be clearly identified. What is bullying? Bullying is any kind of unwanted behaviour where an individual mistreats anyone to a point such that his/her personal or mental stability gets in risk. These situations affect directly the victim and the witnesses, it´s existence and lack of attention affects the human rights of the principal victim and the witnesses. Who defines bullying? Bullying can be defined in many different ways depending on the nature of bullying. Bullying can be done in various numbers of ways: i. One-on-One, where the stronger individual has the upper-hold of the weaker one. ii. A group of people bullying a single individual. iii. A superior group of people...
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