...University title Cyber Security: Computer Hacking Abstract Computer hacking incidences have dramatically increased over the years. However, the current federal laws, such as the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act, have performed dismally in deterring potential cyber hackers. This paper explains that there are a very small percentage of computer hackers who are ever caught and prosecuted. This is the case since most companies, which are victimized by computer hackers, opt to hide the issue from the public and relevant authorities to maintain their position in the market. This paper explains the factors which encourage hacking by basing its arguments on formal psychological theories and informal observation. The review also explains the difference between malicious hackers and those who do it with good intentions. Business organizations today are hiring ethical hackers for the purpose of protecting themselves from the malicious ones. This paper also addresses police strategies for combating cyber hacking and also gives a comprehensive approach to reduce teenage hacking proclivity at an early stage. In countering this issue, law enforcement should apply previously done researches together with the current ones for maximum results. Keywords: computer hacking, business organizations, ethical hackers, law enforcement ...
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...Web based Attacks on U.S. government websites Web attacks mainly refers to the hostile actions taken by cyber criminals in an attempt to infiltrate different web based public and private installations including websites, personal computers, private mailing addresses, various private and public networks and highly sophisticated instruments that are controlled through the use of internet. Web attacks will be launched by an individual or a group of people who are highly knowledgeable about the use of internet and the online security system. In some cases web attacks are launched simply to fulfill petty interests such as to hack into someone’s personal information, credit card information etc. While in some cases more serious agendas work as major catalysts that leads to more sophisticated web attacks which may take place in a domestic or even international level. For instance, in several occasions, Chinese and North Korean hackers were accused of hacking into U.S. government websites to steal sensitive information. And thus the concept of “cyber war” made its debut. The emergence of World Wide Web has started a revolution throughout the globe as far as information technology (IT) is taken under consideration. The use of internet has left significant impact on our personal, social, national and global orientation. As a part of the process, the United States government has also taken steps to make a strong presence in the online world through the launch of various government...
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...------------------------------------------------- Cyber security and its challenges to society Final Project Report Group Members Abdul Majid Qayyum Umair Arshad Hasnat Ahmed Gulraiz Shabbir Contents Introduction: 3 Why is cyber security important? 4 The Impact of Cyber Security 5 The Cultural Impact 5 The Official Impact 5 The Solution Impact 5 Defining Cyber Security 6 Technology & Modern Life 6 What is Cyberspace? 6 What is Cyber Warfare? 6 Cyber is not Hype 7 What Cyber Security Isn’t 7 Cyber-crime 8 Types of Cyber-crimes 8 Hacking: 8 Theft: 8 Cyber Stalking: 9 Identity Theft: 9 Malicious Software: 9 Child soliciting and Abuse: 9 Cyber Bullying 10 Causes of Cyber-crime 10 History of Cyber-crime 10 Cyber-crime in Modern Society 11 Categories of Cyber-crime 11 Individual: 12 Property: 12 Government: 12 How to Tackle Cyber-crime 12 RECENT SURVEY ISSUES ON CYBER SECURITY TRENDS 14 Mobile Devices and Apps 14 Social Media Networking 14 Cloud Computing 14 Protect systems rather Information 15 New Platforms and Devices 15 Everything Physical can be Digital 15 Survey Questions 16 Conclusion 16 Cyber Security and its Challenges to Society Introduction: Over the past several years, experts and policy makers have expressed increasing concerns about protecting internet from cyber-attacks—deliberate attempts by unauthorized persons to access. Many experts expect the number and severity of cyber-attacks to increase over the next several years....
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...Living in the Age of Cyber Attacks and Cyber Warfare UMUC If you asked the average person on the street about cybersecurity and cyber warfare, they would probably say they don’t know much about it other than the fact that it involves computers. In fact, for anyone outside of the cybersecurity industry, the closest thing to cyber warfare that they may have experienced was their viewing of the movie War Games, or the fourth installment of the Die Hard series, Live Free or Die Hard. While those movies had a profound impact on the lives of the characters in the script, the audience probably thought it was merely fiction, not fully based on fact. In Live Free or Die Hard, John McClain (played by the indefatigable Bruce Willis) is attempting to stop a domestic cyber-terrorist who is acting out on a vendetta against the United States. The cyber-terrorist is successful in launching an online attack to overload and destroy a power grid that left much of America’s East Coast in darkness. When I first saw this movie, I was curious if an attack like that was really possible; however, most people around me just labeled the movie as “Hollywood’s overactive imagination”. With cyber attacks literally having the ability to affect lives in a nanosecond, it is vital that everyone understand what cyber attacks entail, the impact of these cyber attacks on a domestic and international scale, and knowing what to expect in the future while living in a world dominated by virtual experiences...
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...Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Definition of Cyber Crime The internet in Bangladesh is growing rapidly. It has given rise to new opportunities in every field we can think of – be it entertainment, business, sports or education. There are two sides to a coin. Internet also has its own disadvantages. One of the major disadvantages is Cyber crime – illegal activity committed on the internet. The internet, along with its advantages, has also exposed us to security risks that come with connecting to a large network. Computers today are being misused for illegal activities like e-mail espionage, credit card fraud, spams, and software piracy and so on, which invade our privacy and offend our senses. “The modern thief can steal more with a computer than with a gun. Tomorrow's terrorist may be able to do more damage with a keyboard than with a bomb”. The term ‘cyber crime’ has been evolved from two words ‘cyber’ and ‘crime’. ‘Crime’ is more or less known to each individual on his own stand point, while ‘cyber’ is almost vague in meaning to the same. So if any time anybody uses the prefix ‘cyber’, we simply mean, he is talking about something is doing online or there has certain networking system. Actually anything related to Internet falls under the cyber category. Computer crime or cyber crime is a form of crime where the Internet or computers are used as a medium to commit crime. Issues surrounding this type of crime have become...
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...beneficial to our livelihood, but too much of anything is never good, thus including technology. Now the power of computers is being used for many criminal activities such as cybercrimes. Cyber crime is any criminal act dealing with computers and networks. It also includes traditional crimes conducted through the Internet. For example, hate crimes, telemarketing and Internet fraud, identity theft, hacking and credit card account thefts are considered to be cyber crimes; when the illegal activities are committed through the use of a computer and the Internet. It is no longer a place of security, but a place of great vulnerability. Hacking is one of the most common cybercrimes. Hacking is when someone intentionally accesses a computer without authorization or exceeds authorized access for their personal benefit. Most of the time they get a thrill out of hacking, the more they hack the more fun they have. Hacking is just another way to receive a buildup of adrenaline in the body. Hackers will receive the thrill and chills of the rebellious act and then have all that adrenaline, making themselves feel really good. They also gain many possessions from hacking. One thing that they gain is knowledge. Not just knowledge of how to hack, but knowledge of the systems that they are hacking into and knowledge of different security precautions that people take to try to keep hackers out. There are a vast number of different systems that hackers have to know in order to...
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...Russian Patriotic Hacking During Operation Allied Force Introduction. With the increasing number of cyberattacks, many security professionals are greatly troubled by the real threat to the information technology infrastructure in the United States. While safeguarding information has been a major issue for the private and public sectors since the beginning of the computer era, the increased level of concern over the most recent attacks has resulted in devoting more resources to combat this threat. This paper analyzes numerous cyberattacks by Russian computer enthusiast group Chaos Hackers Crew and other hacktivists during Operation Allied Force in 1999, that included taking down and defacing various NATO and US Government websites, several successful virus propagation attempts on military servers and countless spamming storms. This particular case raises curious questions about the legal definition of term cyberconflict itself, magnitude of the damage from a potential cyberattack on U.S. Government by terrorists and the level of preparedness of key military and intelligence units for the cyberwar. The cyberterrorism threat is real, however it’s essential to recognize that preserving the state of continuous distress over computer vulnerabilities can be profitable. Based on this research, cultural differences play a huge role in the world of computer hackers who decide what entity to attack and how, also the scale of a cyberattack doesn’t matter as economic damage can be devastating...
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...Teens and Children Curtis M. Styles CJA/570 April 23, 2012 Ray Gagne Trends in Cybercrime-"Sextortion" in Teens and Children Electronic methods of committing crimes in society today, is generally a new phenomenon. Modern crimes directed against the operation of computer technology itself, presents new crimes that are as new as contemporary technology. The Internet has opened a variety of new rooms for cybercriminals to commit cyber-based terrorist attempts, computer intrusions, and major cyberfrauds. Cyberextortion is an outsider threat designed to obtain money, products, or favorable considerations from an organization or individuals by using illegal means of persuasion related to computer intrusion (Cybercrime Investigation & Intelligence, 2012). This paper addresses the relatively new form of sexual exploitation called “sextortion” that has emerged on the cybersex crime scene recently, and its affect upon teenagers and children. In addition, the paper addresses the dangers of scams associated with “sextortion”, its criminal profile, law enforcement initiatives to combat “sextortion”, and the penalties for committing these types of crimes. “Sextortion” is a method of sexual exploitation in which individuals are extorted with nude images of themselves shared online over the Internet. Texting has become the modern day method of communication among teens and children, and in the case of “sextortion” these images are displayed online via the new term of “Sexting” that...
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...Title Content page no Introduction…………………………………………………….……………………………….1 What is cybercrime? ..........................................................................................................1 Types of cybercrime……………………………………………………………………………..2 Reasons of cybercrime……………………………………………………………..……………2-3 Offences of cybercrime under ICT Act-2006……………………………………………………3 Penalties of cybercrime under ICT Act-2006 ……………………………………………………4 Cyber Tribunal …………………………………………………………………………………...5 Cyber appellate Tribunal ………………………………………………………………………….5 Recent condition of cyber law in Bangladesh……………………………………………………..6 Recommendations……………………..………………………………………………………….6 Conclusion ………………………..………………………………………………………………7 Bibliography …………….………………………………………………………………………..8 Introduction Information and communications technology (ICT) is often used as an extended synonym for information technology (IT), but is a more specific term that stresses the role of unified communications and the integration of telecommunications (telephone lines and wireless signals), computers as well as necessary enterprise software, middleware, storage, and audio-visual systems, which enable users to access, store, transmit, and manipulate information. The phrase ICT had been used by academic researchers since the 1980s, but it became popular after it was used in a report to the UK government by Dennis Stevenson in 1997 and in the revised National Curriculum...
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...Introduction Cyber security refers to the practices and processes that are used in technologies such as networks, computers, information and programs from damages by unwarranted entities (Ahmad, Yunos & Sahib, 2012). There are different attacks towards technology which may distort information or be used to create tension in an organization. Information stored in computers has some level of privacy and this depends on the level of sensitivity that such information may have towards that organization. Business strategies, political discussions and government documents are some of the documents that require a higher degree of privacy. However, there are individuals who cause deliberate attacks on the information systems of organizations and governments in order to unlawfully access information or distort the meaning of such data. The intention of cyber attacks has led to the classification of these attacks into particular classes. For example, we have cyber bullying and cyber terrorism. Under cyber bullying, the attackers use technology to abuse and intimidate their targets. Cyber bullying has been common through the presence of the social media where an individual will use pseudo-accounts to publish half truths about others with a bid to embarrass them. On the other hand, cyber terrorism involves the use of technology to access vital government sites in order to cause harm and fear in the society through terrorism activities. Brunst (2010) indicates that cyber terrorist activities...
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...technology. Cyber world is known for its unlimited space and boundaries. Talk about cyber world, it is must have a violation that we will face it. Consequently in our country, cyber world become an ocean of information that enables people to share, communicate, and make business, making friends including creating opportunities to commit crimes and taking advantage of people openness in sharing data and information about themselves by those predators looking for victims in the cyber world. Regulating behaviour is never easy despite the existence of laws and regulations and one of the most difficult challenges is that technology are often too fast developed for the law to catch up. VIOLATION OF THE CYBERLAWS AND COMPUTER ETHICS Talk about available laws, have a lot of violation that will impact to us in our daily life...
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...Cyber-crimes: A Practical Approach to the Application of Federal Computer Crime Laws Eric J. Sinrod† and William P. Reilly†† I. Introduction Cyber-crime, once the domain of disaffected genius teenagers as portrayed in the movies “War Games” and “Hackers,” has grown into a mature and sophisticated threat to the open nature of the Internet. “Cyber-criminals,” like their non-virtual traditional criminal counterparts, seek opportunity and are attracted to vacuums in law enforcement. The news media is filled with reports of debilitating denial of service attacks, defaced web sites, and new computer viruses worming their way through the nation’s computers. However, there are countless other cyber-crimes that are not made public due to private industry’s reluctance to publicize its vulnerability and the government’s concern for security.[1] Along with the phenomenal growth of the Internet has come the growth of cyber-crime opportunities.[2] As a result of rapid adoption of the Internet globally, computer crimes include not only hacking and cracking, but now also include extortion, child pornography, money laundering, fraud, software pirating, and corporate espionage, to name a few.[3] Law enforcement officials have been frustrated by the inability of legislators to keep cyber-crime legislation ahead of the fast-moving technological curve.[4] At the same time, legislators face the need to balance the competing interests between individual rights, such as privacy...
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...Cyber Ethics CSEC 620 As one of the most uncertain and muddled aspects of any organization or company, Cyber Ethics are undoubtedly one of the most important in today’s technological age. Every organization or company operates with a Code of Conduct for its employees. This Code of Conduct outlines the “dos and don’ts” for an organization in hopes for “ethical” and “moral” operation of business. A typical code of conduct will outline an Acceptable Use policy, Internet Use policy, Security policy, and acceptable conduct policy for its employees that is supposed to be required reading. Like with any law, in cyber security there are always law-breakers waiting for the chance to exploit a weak firewall, a patch in the system, or a careless employee who leaves login information open for the wrong eyes to see. For this reason government and private sector alike must constantly update security measures and do thorough investigations of employees upon hiring. The internet is so large and open that it is a serious security threat for individual corporations and especially government agencies. The US government defends against countless internet attacks every day and because of the vast connections between private companies and government it is both the responsibility of private and public sector to insure everyone’s safety. Developing a widespread Code of Ethics in regards to Cyber Security is an increasingly difficult task. New advances in technology make it difficult to...
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...An Examination of Cybercrime and Cybercrime Research: Self-control and Routine Activity Theory Katherine M. Grzybowski Arizona State University 1 March 2012 Cybercrime 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. ABSTRACT .....................................................................................................3 2. INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................4 3. A REVIEW OF CYBERCRIME ...................................................................6 3.1 Cybercrime Legislation ............................................................................7 3.1.1 Federal Laws .................................................................................7 3.1.2 State Laws ......................................................................................9 3.2 Cybercrime Law Enforcement Agencies ................................................11 3.3 Classifying Cybercrime ............................................................................16 3.4 National Levels of Cybercrime ................................................................19 3.4.1 Business Cyber Victimization ......................................................20 3.4.2 Individual Cyber Victimization ...................................................22 4. A REVIEW OF THEORIES..........................................................................26 4.1 Self-control Theory ....................................
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