...War II. These were decades of considerable dislocation in the West. Revolutionary regimes in several societies provided another source of change. New, authoritarian political systems were another response to crisis, particularly after the Great Depression, in several parts of the world. All of this occurred even as resistance to European imperialism was mounting (Davies 938). In addition, the 1920’s was marked by major patterns. One of the first major patterns, Western Europe recovered from World War I incompletely, particularly in economics and politics. Cultural creativity was important, and several social developments marked real innovation. But political and economic structures and European diplomacy as well, rested on shaky foundations. World War I quickly shattered the confidence many Europeans had maintained around the turn of the twentieth-century. Although the ultimate effects of World War I involved Europe’s world position, the war also brought tremendous dislocation within Europe. Though some of the damage was quickly...
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...Revolution (French: Révolution française; 1789–1799) was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France that had a fundamental impact on French history and on modern history more broadly. The absolute monarchy that had ruled France for centuries collapsed within three years. French society underwent an epic transformation, as feudal, aristocratic and religious privileges evaporated under a sustained assault from radical left-wing political groups, masses on the streets, and peasants in the countryside.[1] Old ideas about tradition and hierarchy regarding monarchs, aristocrats, and the Catholic Church were abruptly overthrown by new principles of Liberté, égalité, fraternité (liberty, equality and fraternity). The royal houses across Europe were horrified and led a countercrusade that by 1814 had restored the old monarchy, but many major reforms became permanent. So too did antagonisms between the supporters and enemies of the Revolution, who fought politically over the next two centuries. Amidst a fiscal crisis, the common people of France were increasingly angered by the incompetency of King Louis XVI and the continued indifference and decadence of the aristocracy. This resentment, coupled with burgeoning Enlightenment ideals, fueled radical sentiments, and the French Revolution began in 1789 with the convocation of the Estates-General in May. The first year of the Revolution saw members of the Third Estate proclaiming the Tennis Court Oath in June, the assault on the Bastille in...
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...Christopher Columbus who is a controversial figure in history is glorified as the brave man who discovered America. Columbus had many different motives as he started his mission. One motive that he had was profit, he thought that he could buy spices at the low point of their origin and then take them back with him and sell them for a greater price in Europe. Another motive that Columbus had was religion, he hoped to bring Catholicism to the natives and where ever he ended up. Columbus believed that religion should be the base in every person’s life. As a country Spain also wanted to purse Catholicism as a missionary religion because it was important to convert others. Columbus saw himself as a divine agent on a mission. His main motive was to find a westward route from Spain to the Indies since the eastward passage was controlled by Portugal. As he was on his first voyage, “The Enterprise of the Indies” he wanted to find a direct ocean trading route to Asia. He valued many things in his life such as wealth and the power that came with it, but the main one was the Catholicism that he wanted to bring to everyone that he met and everywhere he went. Christopher Columbus met many different and interesting natives and he said that each one portrayed different types of skills. He mentioned that some natives were not as good of sailors as the others were. Columbus’ descriptions of the natives portrayed them as inferior to Europeans, some might even say savage. He said that the natives...
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...Essay Vietnam and the 20th Century Experience Introduction This paper analyzes the sociopolitical, cultural, and economic characteristics of European nations that drove them to establish policies of overseas colonization. Societies developing within the constraints of the European landmass had many incentives to move beyond their own borders into other regions, areas often occupied by another culture. European nations have a long history of being competitive with one another. Cultural and religious pride and arrogance, and an intolerance of differing cultures and religions, were used to justify imperialistic policies of domination and suppression of local peoples. Europeans, of necessity, would bring along their economies of technology and infrastructure to support their control of the local population. This would also include their Latin-based language and educational systems. Attempts to assimilate local culture into the European culture were often a source of conflict within the overseas colonies. European Cultural Characteristics Religion, and particularly the evangelical mission of Catholicism, has strongly influenced European cultures since the Middle Ages. The French utilized Catholic Missionaries as a way to access many overseas regions, including that part of Asia later to be known as “French Indochina.” Missionaries are typically non-violent and non-threatening. They often could enter a foreign country and merge with the local culture without opposition...
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...CS’s DMA (Direct Market Access) service provides clients with the ability to electronically execute market or limit orders directly on the exchange. CS’s DMA service is fast and provides complete anonymity. In the US and Europe where there are multiple execution venues and ECN’s for most stocks CS’s DMA service uses “Pathfinder” . Pathfinder is proprietary smart routeing logic designed to ensure orders are sent to the venue with the best price, liquidity and speed of execution. The Pathfinder logic makes a quantifiable difference to the quality of execution for US DMA flow. List of markets COUNTRY Africa /Middle East Egypt Israel South Africa Turkey Americas Argentina Brasil Canadá Chile México Perú United States Venezuela Asia/Pacific Australia Hong Kong India Indonesia Japan Korea Malaysia New Zealand Philippines Singapore Taiwan2 Thailand 2 Europe Austria Belgium Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Holland Hungary Ireland Italy Luxembourg Norway Poland Portugal Russia Spain Sweden Switzerland United Kingdom MARKET DMA ELECTRONIC ROUTING THROUGH THE LOCAL DESK1 Bolsa de Comercio de Buenos Aires Bovespa TSX ; Venture Bolsa de Comercio de Santiago Bolsa de Valores Mexicana Bolsa de Lima NYSE; NASDAQ; AMEX Bolsa de Valores de Caracas ASX HKSE JSE TSE; OSE KSE; KOSDAQ; KOFEX KLSE NZSE PHSE SGX-ST; SGX-DT TSE SET SWX; Virt-x Contact details: Antero Touchard, +44 207 888 0046, e-mail: antero.touchard@credit-suisse.com 1 Routing via trading desk: orders...
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...Cultural Decentering Aaron Walsh HUMA215-1202A-17 04/15/2012 Professor Reed Abstract Imperial expansion changed the aspect of many cultures. What was considered everyday life and tradition began to change dramatically or destroyed. The European influence on non-western society began a cultural shift to the European culture in more of a decentering, rather than reclamation to its own culture. Keywords: Culture, decentering, westernization. Introduction The non-western cultures faced many changes through the beginning of the twentieth century. Slavery and Christianity was a huge part in those changes. Centering of culture results in a change in one’s own culture. As the world began to modernize, cultures began to become part of the civilization that was thrust upon them. “Worldwide, non-Western cultures faced fundamental challenges to their cultural identities—not so much a recentering of culture but a decentering of culture.” The word westernization equates to transformation to the modern ways of the world, or modernization. One must be able to distinguish the two terms. Modernization is an overhaul of the current society. Prior to the Europeans, the only other contibutors to the modernization of Africa were the Arabs. The Arab nations introduced Islam to the African culture ("Westernization - Africa,"n.d.). Through the late nineteenth and beginning of the twentieth century, Western Cultures began to modernize technology, communication and expand their armed...
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...Puritans who from 1620 settled farther north, had an eye for trade and investment and it is these two groups’ philosophy which has left its mark on America. Mass Immigration As the West opened in the 19th century, more and more opportunities and room for new immigrants and people flocked to America. Between 1820 and the Civil War in 1861 around five million immigrants came to America, mainly from England, Ireland, and Germany. There were yet no laws that put limits on immigration, and as the industry constantly lacked labour between 1870 and 1920 no less than twenty million people came to America, in the beginning mostly from Europe but from the change of the century also from southern and eastern Europe, from Russia, China, and Japan. In this century there has been passed several immigration laws which regulate the number of immigrants. Immigration from Europe has decreased a lot during the last years. On the other hand immigration from Southeast Asia and the Pacific Islands has increased and these new groups often settle on the west coast. Hispanics The Spanish population is growing rapidly. Many of the so-called Hispanics does not speak English at all. The authorities have gradually taken the consequences of this fact...
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...Competing with the global giants England had always been considered to be one of the most civilised nations in the world, gathering from the country's vast historical stories and researches, England has gone through many civilisation phases as the country slowly emerges into globalisation. It is these journeys which defines England as how it is today. We have learnt of many driven influences and factors which has led this mighty nation into a civilised success, and this paper will explore all of the possible driving factors behind this great nation, and the reason for its undefeated economical standing and the highly regarded and prestigious education standards it possesses. Not only is England one of the most famous countries in the world, it is also one of the most famous from the West and United States of America. The strategy they decide to choose to keep them in this same power will ultimately steer the country's predictions for the future of globalisation. In previous times, humans walked and swam as a way of traveling, it was very difficult to communicate long distances; for example, if we walked 100 miles without stopping, it would take 1 day to get to the destination. For this reason, most countries' development was very slow and each country had a different level of technology because they could not share knowledge or ideas with each other. However, this situation began to change after Europeans improved naval techniques which allowed Europeans to travel to other continents...
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...Prior to the early modern world, European Nations and Far East countries were very isolated and had minimal interaction between each other. The fact of the matter was that before Vasco De Gama’s voyage from Portugal to India at the end of the 15th century, travel from Europe to the East was far too treacherous. However, things started to change during the 16th century. The early modern world was able to become more interconnected through the exchange of goods, slave trade, and the exchange of military tactics, which in turn presented nations with the opportunity to grow and prosper. The exchange of goods between the European Nations and the East exhibited the interconnectedness present during the early modern world. Fashion had always been a significant part of European society, but the calico craze that existed at the end of the seventeenth century and throughout the eighteenth century forced European Nations to interact heavily with these Eastern countries that possessed such resources: New consumer forces were at work in England in the late seventeenth century; these forces were manifested in the craze for calicoes and other sorts of cottons wrought in the East Indies. The arrival of cotton textiles in the English market brought to a comparatively prosperous population a new sort of commodity, another of the lighter fabrics so much in demand in the early industrial period (Lemire, 3) The Indian cloth was so fashionable for a couple of different reasons. For one, it...
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...H&M, which was formally known as “Hennes” (The Swedish word for “hers”) was founded by Erling Persson in 1947. The first store was opened in Vasteras, Sweden, and only women’s apparels were sold during that time. In 1968, Erling Persson bought Mauritz Widforrs, which was a hunting and gun store in Stockham. Soon enough, Men’s apparel was introduced and made available in the store. The company then changes its name to Hennes & Mauritz (H&M in short). Ever since then, H&M has expanded its store worldwide. H&M sells clothing and accessories that caters for women, men, teenagers and children for every occasion. It has expanded their stores around the world in Asia, Europe, Middle East & North Africa and North America and aims to increase the number of stores by 10-15% per year. In 2011, when H&M announced that they are launching their first ever outlet in Singapore, it was a much-anticipated event because their apparels are trendy, affordable and they are known for their quality. According to the data provided by the official website, there are over 94,000 employees, working in approximately 2,500 stores spread over 40 markets world wide. During the end of the financial year in November 2009, the company recorded an earning of SEK118,697 million ($15,473.3 million) which seen an increase of 14.1% over 2008. Operating profit in FY2009 was SEK21,644 million, an increase of 7.5% over 2008 whereas the total net profit was SEK16,384 million in FY2009 with an increase of 7.1% over...
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...How Global Warming May Cause the Next Ice Age... If you look at a globe, you'll see that the latitude of much of Europe and Scandinavia is the same as that of Alaska and permafrost-locked parts of northern Canada and central Siberia. Yet Europe has a climate more similar to that of the United States than northern Canada or Siberia. Why? The warmth in Europe is the result of ocean currents that bring warm surface water up from the equator into northern regions that would otherwise be so cold that even in summer they'd be covered with ice. The current of greatest concern is often referred to as "The Great Conveyor Belt," which includes what we call the Gulf Stream. The Great Conveyor Belt, while shaped by the Coriolis effect of the Earth's rotation, is mostly driven by the greater force created by differences in water temperatures and salinity. The North Atlantic Ocean is saltier and colder than the Pacific, the result of it being so much smaller and locked into place by the Northern and Southern American Hemispheres on the west and Europe and Africa on the east. As a result, the warm water of the Great Conveyor Belt evaporates out of the North Atlantic leaving behind saltier waters, and the cold continental winds off the northern parts of North America cool the waters. Salty, cool waters settle to the bottom of the sea, most at a point a few hundred kilometers south of the southern tip of Greenland, producing a whirlpool of falling water that's 5 to 10 miles across. While...
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...By: John Deere For years, the country of Greece was a great place to call home. It had a very high-income economy and was one of the world leaders in terms of standard of living for its citizens. The tourism industry was growing faster and faster and helped to fuel the fire beneath the economy. In fact, Greece’s economy expanded at one of the highest rates in the Euro zone in the early 2000’s due to the high volume of tourists that it accommodated. Unfortunately for them, this growth was about to come to an abrupt halt. When the world economy took a turn for the worse, all of the money that Greece had been borrowing in order to fund large projects was examined more closely. It was revealed that Greece had been over-borrowing at such staggering levels that even the EU was shocked. With a down world economy, they were no longer able to borrow at such cheap rates and could not pay off their debts (Hoffman, CBS News). Throughout the rest of this paper, I will examine exactly what led Greece into this mess and what policies that the Greek government should put in place in order to try and resolve this issue with the least amount of damage possible. First things first, let’s look at how Greece got into so much trouble. During the good times, the Greek government decided to borrow billions upon billions of dollars to help the country grow. This would have been fine if they were receiving enough tax revenue in order to cover these debts but, of course, they were not. ...
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...Top 5 Causes of World War 1 By Martin Kelly World War 1 is actually much more complicated than a simple list of causes. While there was a chain of events that directly led to the fighting, the actual root causes are much deeper and part of continued debate and discussion. This list is an overview of the most popular reasons that are cited as the root causes of World War 1. 1. Mutual Defense Alliances Over time, countries throughout Europe made mutual defense agreements that would pull them into battle. Thus, if one country was attacked, allied countries were bound to defend them. Before World War 1, the following alliances existed: Russia and Serbia Germany and Austria-Hungary France and Russia Britain and France and Belgium Japan and Britain Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia, Russia got involved to defend Serbia. Germany seeing Russia mobilizing, declared war on Russia. France was then drawn in against Germany and Austria-Hungary. Germany attacked France through Belgium pulling Britain into war. Then Japan entered the war. Later, Italy and the United States would enter on the side of the allies. Ads Download Free Mobile Apps mobogenie.com Download Mobile Apps, Games, Themes For Free From Mobogenie. Download ! Best Job Interview Plan careerconfidential.com/30_60_90 Don't Go WithOut a Interview Plan So You Get The Offer! Read More. Used car for sale Nigeria www.carxus.com Thousands of cars for sale by local Nigeria sellers and car dealers 2. Imperialism Imperialism is when...
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...Greece Crises : Is default the only option? Summary: The debate over "Greece sovereign debt crises as a tragedy or opportunity" has varied viewpoints. I believe that under the circumstances given in the case, it was not right to default by Greece on external debt as there were other measures such as total factor productivity through which we could reduce the fiscal deficit and convert it into fiscal surplus similar to the rest of the European union. ________________________________________ Main arguments in favor of the Greece not to default: 1. Penalties for sovereign default: There were provisions for penalties if a country defaulted on its external debt such as exclusion from further borrowing for some time, downgraded credit ratings and inability to borrow in your own currency. 2. Decrease in Labor productivity and TFP : From Exhibit 1, we can see that Total factor productivity and labor productivity declined from 2000 to 2010. This means less output was received per worker. Moreover in Greece, the companies were nationalized after 1981 and monetary policy was under direct political control. This could be reverted by liberalizing the economy. It could also be reverted by increasing the total factor productivity by reducing employee compensation & social benefits. The Exhibit 1 shows that there was no reduction in employee compensation & social benefits since 2000-2010. The comparison of unit labor cost indices from Exhibit 2 also shows that labor was more expensive...
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...During the 15th century Europeans were interested in increasing their wealth and expanding their empire through the establishment of trade and colonies. Inspired by the discovery of a sea route to Asia by the Portuguese, King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain sponsored Italian explorer Christopher Columbus’ voyage to discover a new route to Asia. Although a new route to foreign lands were discovered by Columbus, it wasn’t Asia, yet islands between the coast of today’s North and South America. One of the larger islands he “discovered”, Hispaniola, Columbus reported to the king and queen that this land was suitable for colonization (Callison). On the northern coast of the island in what is now Puerto Plata he founded La Isabella 1493, and later in 1494 Concepcion de la Vega was founded (Foner). He composed a historical document known today as the “Letter from Christopher Columbus to King and Queen of Spain”. Enclosed in this letter were recommendations on how Hispaniola should be governed, an emphasis on the logistics of its discovered gold, and also the order of shipment into Hispaniola and neighbor islands. In the opening of the letter Christopher Columbus composed for the King and Queen of Spain he makes it clear that he would speak freely about his recommendations to the crown on how business should be conducted in current and future discoveries of new worlds, which sets the tone that he was very sure of himself and everything he was about to suggest in this letter. Columbus...
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