...Computer Organization and Architecture CHAPTER 01: Basic Concepts of Architecture and Assembly Language CONTENTS: CHAPTER 1.1: Basic Concepts of Computer Architecture Computer Organization and Architecture CHAPTER 1.2: Basic Hardware Components of a Computer System John Vee MI P. Martinez, CSIT Instructor College of Information and Computing Sciences KING’S COLLEGE OF THE PHILIPPINES CHAPTER 1.3: Assembly Language CHAPTER 1.4: Programmer's View of a Computer System Computer Organization and Architecture CHAPTER 1.1: Basic Concepts of Computer Architecture Instructor: John Vee MI P. Martinez CHAPTER 1.1: Basic Concepts of Computer Architecture ASSIGNMENT #01: LEARNING OUTCOME #01: Next Learning Outcome: After engaging in each topic, students should have: 1) Differentiate Computer Organization and Computer Architecture? ¼ Yellow Paper, to be submitted next meeting. LO-01: Distinguished the difference between Computer Architecture and Computer Organization, and discussed the different types of architecture. 1) 2) Computer Organization and Architecture Instructor: John Vee MI P. Martinez Computer Architecture vs. Computer Organization Types of Architecture Computer Organization and Architecture Instructor: John Vee MI P. Martinez LO 1.1 – Computer Architecture vs. Computer Organization LO 1.1 – Computer Architecture vs. Computer Organization COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE: COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE: ...
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...TOGAF is the open group architecture framework, the framework is itself a well-documented body of knowledge to comprise detailed message and set of supporting tools to developing enterprise architectures. TOGAF is developed and maintained by the members of the Open Group. The original Framework of TOGAF was developed in 1995 and successive version of TOGAF throughout the years have extended and improved this body of knowledge and tools. TOGAF helps by documenting and organizing the enterprise architecture, by using TOGAF organizations can develop architecture that is consistence and reflects the needs of stakeholders, employee’s best practice, and meets current and future organization requirements. TOGAF enterprise architecture is divided into four categories the Business Architecture, Application Architecture, Data Architecture, and Technical Architecture. Business Architecture is design to describe the layouts of which process does business uses to meet its goals. It addresses the need for Users, Planners, and Business Management. For Application Architecture TOGAF illustrates how specific applications are designed and how the applications interact with each other. Also addresses the kind of workforce will be associated with application related tasks such System and Software developers and engineers. The Data Storage Architecture is design to show that how data stores are developed and how they are accessed. It addresses the needs of Database Designers, Database Administrators...
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...Computer Organization The dictionary definition of the term “organizing” is “to put together into an orderly, functional, structured whole”. Therefore, this term applies to Computer Organization because it tries “to put together into an orderly, functional, structured whole” the main components of computers and the way computers are organized. Modern computer technology requires professionals of every computing specialty to understand both hardware and software. The interaction between hardware and software at a variety of levels also offers a framework for understanding the fundamentals of computing. Whether our primary interacts is hardware or software, Information Technology, Computer Science or Electrical Engineering, the central ideas in Computer Organization is the same. Thus, the emphasis of this is to show the relationship between hardware and software and to focus on the concepts that are the basis for current computers. The computer lies at the heart of computing. Without it, most of the computing disciplines today would be a branch of theoretical mathematics. To be a professional in any field of computing today, one should not regard the computer as just black box that executes program by magic. We, students of computing should acquire some understanding and appreciation of a computer system’s functional components, their characteristics, their performance, and their instruction. There are practical implications as well. In describing computer systems, a distinguishing...
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...Layers, Artifacts, and Dependencies of Enterprise Architecture By Robert Winter and Ronny Fischer Abstract After a period where implementation speed was more important than integration, consistency and reduction of complexity, architectural considerations have become a key issue of information management in recent years again. Enterprise architecture is widely accepted as an essential mechanism for ensuring agility and consistency, compliance and efficiency. Although standards like TOGAF and FEAF have developed, however, there is no common agreement on which architecture layers, which artifact types and which dependencies constitute the essence of enterprise architecture. This paper contributes to the identification of essential elements of enterprise architecture by (1) specifying enterprise architecture as a hierarchical, multilevel system comprising aggregation hierarchies, architecture layers and views, (2) discussing enterprise architecture frameworks with regard to essential elements, (3) proposing interfacing requirements of enterprise architecture with other architecture models and (4) matching these findings with current enterprise architecture practice in several large companies. Keywords enterprise architecture, architectural components, architectural layers, architectural views, interfaces ENTERPRISE ARCHITECTURE: DEFINITION According to ANSI/IEEE Std 1471-2000, architecture is defined as the “ fundamental organization of a system, embodied in its components, their...
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...CSI Enterprise Architecture Justification Paper XXXXX X. XXXXXXXXX University of Maryland University College 26 January 2014 Enterprise architecture is an abstract blueprint that is utilized to define the structure and operation of an organization. Enterprise architecture is aimed at determining how an organization can attain its current objectives and future objectives timely, efficiently and effectively. The architecture is divided into business, application and information perspectives. The business perspective identifies the processes and standards by which the business operates on daily basis. The application perspective defines the interaction between different processes and standards used by the organization. The information perspective defines and groups raw data in the organization like document file databases, presentations, spreadsheets that the organization needs to operate well. The technology perspective defines the hardware, OS, programming and networking systems used by the organization. Enterprise architecture has various advantages. It improves decision making and makes it easy for an organization to adapt to changing demands and market conditions. It also helps an organization eliminate inefficient and redundant processes and use its assets to its overall advantage. Enterprise architecture is a strategic planning process that converts a business vision and strategy into effective enterprise change. An enterprise architecture program is important...
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...Application Architecture, Process design Gary S Seward II University of Phoenix BSA/ 375 June 26, 2012 Application architecture and design planning Application architecture is the structure of automatic services that bring and perform such functional needs that have the interfaces through which structure apply the functional needs of the organization. For efficient operating, there should be only one structure of application architecture and development design, but in different organizations, different application architectures are employed. There are mostly three views which are used in application architecture, these are as follow: Conceptual views: This view of application architecture is utilized to explain the necessities of business and the business users' examination of the application to produce a business model. Strategies of conceptual modeling, like action diagrams, case analysis, business body modeling and process design, assist to make an clarification of the goals of business and requirements, and are free of execution know-how. This idea is followed by the organization in HR information system (Platt, 2002). Logical views: The architects create the request designs that engage reasonable views of the business pattern as they illustrate the way through which the business goals and necessities are fulfilled. The request designs portray the reasonable observation of the submission architecture. The architects here are pertained with the on the entire application...
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...with The Wing Company to form Summit Solutions Corporation has brought about decisions regarding business information systems and what platforms would be the best suited for this organization. If this merger is to succeed, the organization needs to have a firm organizational strategic plan that will combine the strategies of both companies. The strategy will include how every person involved, in both organizations, will be affected, how the different platforms will work, and how these platforms can be brought together in order to reach our organization’s goals and objectives for future success. Additionally, the organization needs to have a decision processing system that will support the organization’s business processes, activities and tasks, how input and output data flows, business applications, and the organization’s technology infrastructure. In order to achieve this, the business objectives need to be defined, business workflow needs to be developed, development of system requirements, specification of the applications and data architectures, define information infrastructure, define information system program measures and metrics, and manage hardware and software integration. Three Characteristics of Enterprise Architecture Enterprise architecture is defined as the goals of the organization, how these goals will be realized from the business processes, and how these “business processes can be better served through technology” (Sessions, 2006). “These systems are broken...
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...sole discretion of Oracle. 2 To start with, let’s take a look at what data governance entails. There are numerous definitions of data governance. Here are a few: So to summarize, data governance is the specification of decision rights and an accountability framework to encourage desirable behavior in the valuation, creation, storage, use, archival and deletion of data and information. It includes the processes, roles, standards and metrics that ensure the effective and efficient use of data and information in enabling an organization to achieve its goals. Understanding what data governance is not can help focus on what it is. The list below illustrates the types of projects where data governance is essential to be ultimately successful. However, these types of technology projects often ignore serious considerations for the principles and processes of data governance. 3 In particular, data governance is not: Change management Data cleansing or extract, transform and load data (ETL) Master Data Management (MDM) Data warehousing Database design Database management and administration Data governance is not meant to solve all business or IT problems in an organization. The main goals and objectives of data governance include the following. To define, approve, and communicate data strategies, policies, standards, architecture, procedures, and metrics. To track and...
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...What are data, information, and knowledge? How are they related? Data are raw facts and figures that on their own have no meaning. So, they have to be organized and arranged into a form that people can understand and use. These can be any alphanumeric characters i.e. text, numbers, symbols. Information is data that have been shaped into a form that is meaningful and useful to human beings. Meaning that a firm to achieve its aims will need to process data into information. So data needs to be turned into meaningful information and presented in its most useful format. Therefore, data has to be processed within a context or form to give meaning “information”. Knowledge is the understanding of rules needed to interpret or understand information. For example, a Marketing Manager could use this information to decide whether or not to raise or lower price of certain product. Therefore, there are knowledge workers who have specialist knowledge that makes them “experts” based on formal and informal rules they have learned through training, experience and gained information such as doctors, managers, librarians, scientists. Therefore, knowledge depend on interpreted information which depend on shaped data. 2. What is information systems architecture? Infrastructure? What is an intranet? An extranet? An information system architecture is the coordination of business processes and rules, systems structure, technical framework, and product technologies for a business or organizational...
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...Service Oriented Architecture. Developing Service Oriented Architecture applications from an enterprise architecture standpoint necessitates that all these development frameworks be documented and inserted in the reference guides delivered to each designer. With the traditional stovepipe application tactic, all of the applications are fabricated with their individually implanted security. Part of security for these applications is to necessitate the user to sign in to achieve access. Then the application would regulate what an authenticated user was certified to use by restricting the functionality through different apparatuses, including screen masks, database record locks, and distinct roles. Within a Service Oriented Architecture application development model, the required security has to be designed so that it can provide authentication services and authorization services to any of the Service Oriented Architecture components in the Service Oriented Architecture that requires them. According to the studies that are available it is projected that ninety percent of the external attacks on applications will be because of security vulnerabilities and misconfigured systems. Even though it is not possible to develop applications that will be one hundred percent secure there are useful approaches recommended for analyzing threats, susceptibilities, and risk (Achkoski, Trajkovik, & Dojchinovski, 2011). Then the security mechanisms for a Service Oriented Architecture based system...
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...Fundamentals of Supply Chain Solutions with SAP Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) is a framework for organizing, defining, and standardizing the business processes necessary to effectively plan and control an organization so the organization can use its internal knowledge to seek external advantage. The ERP system is a set of software applications that organize, define and standardize the business processes necessary to effectively plan and control an organization. Essentially, ERP applications are a computer model of a business, embodying the products and processes, information flow, procedures, and relationships between functions and activities. A set of planning applications can provide recommendations for what must be accomplished in order to meet the forecasted demand and keep the business functioning smoothly. Planning is at the core of ERP and is embodied in a top-down hierarchy of functions: master planning, detailed material and resource planning, and execution, such as production control and purchasing. Master planning is the executive level function that sets the operational business plan, supports the sales and operations planning (S&OP) process. Detailed material planning (Material Requirements Planning or MRP) uses bill of material and inventory information to develop a complete manufacturing and purchasing plan for all products, assemblies, components and materials. At this level capacity requirement planning (CRP) ties the...
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...Review for ERP/Systems Integration & Administration Lec. Dr. Abdullatif Ghallab ghallab@gmail.com أسئلة للمراجعة قبل امتحان نصف الفصل الدراسي الثاني – للعام الجامعي 5102-6102م اسم المقرر: تخطيط موارد المؤسسة/تكامل وإدارة النظم TYPES OF QUESTIONS A. END-OF-CHAPTER QUESTIONS B. ESSAY QUESTIONS C. DISCUSSION QUESTIONS D. CASE QUESTIONS E. TRUE & FALSE QUESTIONS F. MULTIPLE CHOICES QUESTIONS CH1 X X √ CH3 X X √ √ CH4 √ √ √ X X X X X X √ √ √ 1 CH2 X √ X √ √ Review for ERP/Systems Integration & Administration Lec. Dr. Abdullatif Ghallab ghallab@gmail.com CH01- INTRODUCTION TO ENTERPRISE SYSTEMS FOR MANAGEMENT A. DISCUSSION QUESTIONS 1. Refer to the Hershey case. What were the goals and details of the Enterprise 21 project? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 2. Establish a single supply chain across all divisions. Streamline all business processes by reengineering them across all functional areas. Increase the gross margin and maintain sales growth. Save $75 – 80 million through corporate restructuring and closing of older distribution sites. Fix their Y2K problem and replace existing mainframe environment. Refer to the Hershey case. What were some of the key problems that Hershey encountered when choosing, integrating and implementing their new ERP system? The implementation of the ERP for Hershey was beset with difficulties due to a number of failures: a. Project management issues...
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...There are three parts to this assignment relating to each lecture in Module 1. Part 1: Layering and the Internet Model Imagine that a technology organization has been in business for decades, and that the organization developed its own method of computer-to-computer communication. Because this method of communication only occurs within this organization, it is not layered, but rather is designed to operate as quickly and efficiently as possible on the custom hardware by using the least amount of overhead possible. The organization continues to create its own communication hardware and software that works with modern computers, but the CTO of the organization is considering replacing this custom communication solution with the adoption of the Internet Model in use today, along with its technologies. With this scenario in mind, address each of the topics below. Topic 1: The Advantages of a Layered Model Identify and describe the advantages that a layered solution would offer the technology organization when compared to its non-layered solution. Advantages : The advantage of implementing layered model in technology organization will be : 1. They can communicate with the other organizations and can provide the information/presence about their business on internet too. 2. By implementing layered module… changes at one layer will not affect hardware /software at the other layers. Vendors can develop hardware and software to provide the functions of...
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...Enterprise Architecture Vol. 11, No. 10 10 Key Skills Architects Must Have to Deliver Value by Michael Rosen, Director, Cutter Consortium Enterprise Architecture Practice As the complexity of IT grows, more and more organizations are realizing the need for architecture. But the definition of what architecture is, the titles that architects have, and the role of an architect vary widely from one organization to another. Business, IT, management, and even architects don’t necessarily know what a good architect does to add value in his or her organization. This Executive Report discusses the role of the architect and describes 10 activities that architects should perform to add value to projects. ABOUT CUTTER CONSORTIUM Access to the Experts Cutter Consortium is a unique IT advisory firm, comprising a group of more than 100 internationally recognized experts who have come together to offer content, consulting, and training to our clients. These experts are committed to delivering top-level, critical, and objective advice. They have done, and are doing, groundbreaking work in organizations worldwide, helping companies deal with issues in the core areas of software development and agile project management, enterprise architecture, business technology trends and strategies, innovation, enterprise risk management, metrics, and sourcing. Cutter offers a different value proposition than other IT research firms: We give you Access to the Experts....
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...meaning behind Computer Input / Output Architecture and Organization? Input is the entering of data into a computer system, whereas output is the transferring of data to an external item, such as printer. “The input /output modules are the third critical element of a computer system. The CPU and Memory are the first and second most critical elements.” (C.A.O). “The computer system’s Input /Output architecture is its interface to the outside world. This architecture is designed to provide a systematic means of controlling interaction with the outside world and to provide the operating system with the information it needs to manage I/O activity effectively.” (C.O.A.L). There are three main techniques for I/O, which are Programmed, Interrupt-Driven, and Direct Memory Access (DMA). These three techniques are essential for I/O. The Programmed I/O happens under direct and continuous control of a program requesting the operation. The Interrupt-Driven is when a program issues a command and continues to execute, until it’s interrupted by the hardware to signal the end of the operations. Finally, the DMA is when a specialized processor takes over control of an operation to move a large block of data. All three play significant roles in the architecture of the I/O in a Computer. An organization will have to have a large inventory of assets for just the basic Input Devices, Output devices, and both Input/ Output Devices related to the architecture of a company. A company will need to...
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