ARAB OPEN UNIVERSITY – FACULTY OF BUSINESS Harvard Style - References / bibliography How -to guide Please review the attached document and refer to it when working on your TMA, failure to do so can lead to failing the course. Note: It is a requirement that all students include a header/footer of the following information on every single page of the TMA: Name, ID, Course Code, TMA #, Tutor name, section, and semester. * You have to use the Times New Roman Font Size 12 (except for the cover page). * Line spacing should be 1.5 * All pages should be numbered * Keep wide margins for your instructors' comments * Align your text to the left. Don’t justify leaving spaces between words Harvard Style Referencing: * There are various ways of setting out references / bibliographies for an assignment. * “Harvard Style” is a generic term for any referencing style which uses in-text references such as (Smith, 1999), and a reference list at the end of the document organized by author name and year of publication. In this guide, we are using a “Harvard Style” which is based on the author-date system for books, articles and “non-books”. NOTE: When you write your list of references/bibliography, please keep in mind the following points: * Your bibliography should identify an item (e.g. book, journal article, cassette tape, film, or internet site) in sufficient detail so that others may identify it and consult it. * Your bibliography should appear at the end of your TMA with entries listed alphabetically. * If you have used sources from the Internet, these should be listed in your bibliography. FOR A BOOK The details required in order are: 1. name/s of author/s, editor/s, compiler/s or the institution responsible 2. yearof publication 3. titleof publication and subtitle if any (all titles must be underlined or italicized) 4. series title and individual volume if any 5. edition, if other than first 6. publisher 7. place of publication 8. page number(s) if applicable

* One author Berkman, RI 1994, Find it fast: how to uncover expert information on any subject, Harper Perennial, New York.

* Two or more authors: Cengel, YA & Boles, MA 1994, Thermodynamics: an engineering approach, 2nd edn, McGraw Hill, London. Cheek, J, Doskatsch, I, Hill, P & Walsh, L 1995, Finding out: information literacy for the 21st century, MacMillan Education Australia, South Melbourne. * Editor(s) Pike, ER &Sarkar, S (eds) 1986, Frontiers in quantum optics, Adam Hilger, Bristol. Jackson, JA (ed.) 1997, Glossary of geology, 4th edn, American Geological Institute, Alexandria, Va. * Sponsored by institution, corporation or other organization Institution of Engineers, Australia 1994, Code of ethics, Institution of Engineers, Australia, Barton, A.C.T * Series Bhattacharjee, M 1998, Notes of infinite permutation groups, Lecture notes in mathematics no.1698, Springer, New York. * Edition Zumdahl, SS 1997, Chemistry, 4th edn, Houghton Mifflin, Boston. * Chapter or part of a book to which a number of authors have contributed Bernstein, D 1995, ‘Transportation planning’, in WF Chen (ed.), The civil engineering handbook, CRC Press, Boca Raton. * No author or editor Kempe's engineer's year-book 1992, Morgan-Grampian, London. FOR AN ARTICLE The details required, in order, are: 1. name/s of author/s of the article 2. yearof publication 3. title of article, in single quotation marks 4. title of periodical (underlined or italicised) 5. volumenumber 6. issue(or part) number 7. page number(s) * Journal article Huffman, LM 1996, ‘Processing whey protein for use as a food ingredient’, Food Technology, vol. 50, no. 2, pp. 49-52

* Newspaper article Simpson, L 1997, ‘Tasmania’s railway goes private‘, Australian Financial Review, 13 October, p. 10 FOR A NON- BOOK NON-BOOK The details required are the same as for a book, with the form of the item (eg video recording, tape, computer file, etc.) indicated after the year. Get the facts (and get them organized) 1990, video recording, Appleseed Productions, Williamstown, Vic FORM OF ITEM Dr Brain thinking games 1998, CD-ROM, Knowledge Adventure Inc., Torrance, California FOR WEB SITES AND OTHER ELECTRONIC SOURCES FOR WEB SITES AND OTHER ELECTRONIC SOURCES * This could include sources from full text compact disk products, electronic journals or other sources from the Internet. * The basic form of the citations follow the principles listed for print sources (see above) 1. name/s of author/s 2. dateof publication Note: If you cannot establish the date of publication, use n.d. (no date). 3. titleof publication 4. edition, if other than first 5. type of medium, if necessary 6. date item viewed 7. nameor site address on internet (if applicable) Weibel, S 1995, ‘Metadata: the foundations of resource description’, D-lib Magazine, viewed 7 January 1997, <http://www.dlib.org/dlib/July95/07weibel.html>. ASTEC 1994, The networked nation, Australian Science, Technology and Engineering Council, Canberra, viewed 7 May 1997, <http://astec.gov.au/astec/net_nation/contents.html> * If no author is given, the title is used as the first element of a citation. Dr Brain thinking games 1998, CD-ROM, Knowledge Adventure Inc., Torrance, California REFERENCES IN THE TEXT OF YOUR ESSAY FERENCES IN THE TEXT OF YOUR ESSAY * In an author-date style, a textual citation generally requires only the name of the author(s) and the year of publication (and specific page(s) if necessary). * This may appear at the end of a sentence, before the full stop. Examples: It is futile to maintain that the sexes are interchangeable (Moir&Jessel 1991). It is futile to maintain that the sexes are interchangeable (Moir&Jessel 1991, p.94). * Alternatively, the author’s surname may be integrated into the text, followed by the year of publication in parentheses. Examples: Moir and Jessel (1991) have shown that it is futile to maintain that the sexes are interchangeable. Moir and Jessel (1991, pp. 93-4) have shown that it is futile to maintain that the sexes are interchangeable. * If two or more works by different authors are cited at the same time, separate them with a semicolon Example: The implications for land degradation have been much debated (Malinowski, Miller & Gupta 1995; Thomson 1999). * If two or more works by the same author are cited at the same time, do not repeat the author's name. Separate the years of publication by a comma5 * Alternatively, the author’s surname may be integrated into the text, followed by the year of publication in parentheses. Example: Subsequent investigation confirmed these results (Watson & Clark 1996, 1998). Public housing remains a neglected area (ACOSS 1997a, 1997b). * If there are more than three authors, list only the first, followed by 'et al.' Example: Other researchers have questioned these findings (Larson et al. 1987). * If you cannot establish the year of publication, use 'n.d.' (no date). Example: Recent advances have been made in this area (Boltonn.d.). * If there is no author or authoring body, cite the work by title, in italics. Example: In military settings, leadership acquires a different significance (Be, know, do: leadership the Army way, 2004).