...Journal of Financial Economics 33 (1993) 3-56. North-Holland Common risk factors in the returns stocks and bonds* Eugene F. Fama and Kenneth R. French 1992 Unirrrsit.v 01 Chicayo. Chiccup. I .L 60637, C;S;L Received July 1992. final version received September on This paper identities five common risk factors in the returns on stocks and bonds. There are three stock-market factors: an overall market factor and factors related to firm size and book-to-market equity. There are two bond-market factors. related to maturity and default risks. Stock returns have shared variation due to the stock-market factors, and they are linked to bond returns through shared variation in the bond-market factors. Except for low-grade corporates. the bond-market factors capture the common variation in bond returns. Most important. the five factors seem to explain average returns on stocks and bonds. 1. Introduction The cross-section of average returns on U.S. common stocks shows little relation to either the market /Is of the Sharpe (1964tLintner (1965) assetpricing model or the consumption ps of the intertemporal asset-pricing model of Breeden (1979) and others. [See, for example, Reinganum (198 1) and Breeden, Gibbons, and Litzenberger (1989).] On the other hand, variables that have no special standing in asset-pricing theory show reliable power to explain the cross-section of average returns. The list of empirically determined averagereturn variables includes size (ME, stock...
Words: 16818 - Pages: 68
...Journal of Financial Economics 33 (1993) 3-56. North-Holland Common risk factors in the returns stocks and bonds* Eugene F. Fama and Kenneth R. French 1992 Unirrrsit.v 01 Chicayo. Chiccup. I .L 60637, C;S;L Received July 1992. final version received September on This paper identities five common risk factors in the returns on stocks and bonds. There are three stock-market factors: an overall market factor and factors related to firm size and book-to-market equity. There are two bond-market factors. related to maturity and default risks. Stock returns have shared variation due to the stock-market factors, and they are linked to bond returns through shared variation in the bond-market factors. Except for low-grade corporates. the bond-market factors capture the common variation in bond returns. Most important. the five factors seem to explain average returns on stocks and bonds. 1. Introduction The cross-section of average returns on U.S. common stocks shows little relation to either the market /Is of the Sharpe (1964tLintner (1965) assetpricing model or the consumption ps of the intertemporal asset-pricing model of Breeden (1979) and others. [See, for example, Reinganum (198 1) and Breeden, Gibbons, and Litzenberger (1989).] On the other hand, variables that have no special standing in asset-pricing theory show reliable power to explain the cross-section of average returns. The list of empirically determined averagereturn variables includes size (ME, stock...
Words: 16818 - Pages: 68
...Journal of Financial Economics 33 (1993) 3-56. North-Holland Common risk factors in the returns stocks and bonds* Eugene F. Fama and Kenneth R. French 1992 Unirrrsit.v 01 Chicayo. Chiccup. I .L 60637, C;S;L Received July 1992. final version received September on This paper identities five common risk factors in the returns on stocks and bonds. There are three stock-market factors: an overall market factor and factors related to firm size and book-to-market equity. There are two bond-market factors. related to maturity and default risks. Stock returns have shared variation due to the stock-market factors, and they are linked to bond returns through shared variation in the bond-market factors. Except for low-grade corporates. the bond-market factors capture the common variation in bond returns. Most important. the five factors seem to explain average returns on stocks and bonds. 1. Introduction The cross-section of average returns on U.S. common stocks shows little relation to either the market /Is of the Sharpe (1964tLintner (1965) assetpricing model or the consumption ps of the intertemporal asset-pricing model of Breeden (1979) and others. [See, for example, Reinganum (198 1) and Breeden, Gibbons, and Litzenberger (1989).] On the other hand, variables that have no special standing in asset-pricing theory show reliable power to explain the cross-section of average returns. The list of empirically determined averagereturn variables includes size (ME, stock...
Words: 16818 - Pages: 68
...756 Maths In Focus Mathematics Extension 1 Preliminary Course Answers 8. o oo oo o (a) 0.83 (b) 0.07 (c) 0.13 (d) 0.16 o oo o or 0. 142857 (h) 1.18 (g) 0.142857 9. (a) 8 9 (h) Chapter 1: Basic arithmetic 13 60 Problem 5 Exercises 1.1 1. 2. (a) Rational (b) Rational (e) Rational (f) Irrational (i) Rational (j) Irrational (e) - 4.3 (a) 18 (b) 11 (c) 6 (d) 11 (h) 1 3. (c) Rational (g) Irrational 19 20 (i) 2 (j) 3 (d) Irrational (h) Rational (f) −1 (g) 2 7 15 1 3 (f) 0.17 (g) 0.36 (h) 1.20 (i) - 4.27 1300 8. 5. 950 600 16. 1.7 6. 3000 (j) 8.16 1. 7. 11 000 8. 17. 79 cents 18. 2.73 19. 1.1 20. 3.6 m 21. $281.93 22. 1.8 g (b) 2 3 20 (d) 12. 0.73 13. 33 14. 3.248 15. 4.21 Exercises 1.2 6. - 1.2 10. - 2 15. 5 3. - 56 4. 10 (a) 7. - 7.51 8. - 35.52 11. - 7 12. −23 13. 10 (b) 17. 1 14. 1 18. 60 19. −20 20. 9 51 1000 (c) 5 1 20 (d) 11 7 20 3 (e) 5 (a) 4. 7 18 (d) 2 6 11 (g) 7 45 oo (e) 1.72 4 45 (e) 14. 17.5% 3 28 17 20 3. (a) 15. 41.7% (b) 7 10 (c) 1 7. $65 179 cm 9. (a) 11.9 (b) 5.3 (c) 19 (d) 3.2 (e) 3.5 (f) 0.24 (g) 0.000 18 (h) 5720 (i) 0.0874 (j) 0.376 15. 402.5 g 19. 573 12. 1152.125 g 16. 41.175 m 13. $10.71 17. $30.92 20. $2898 5 minutes after 1 o’clock. 11 Exercises 1.5 1 ...
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