...Changing for a Purpose In the 1940’s, African Americans will not have equal opportunities as they do now. They will endear racial diversities, therefore they have to stick together in every situation possible. Knowing how to stay in their place, is how blacks will stay safe in those days. In A Lesson Before Dying, the people will come together for the sole purpose of helping Miss Emily with saving Jefferson’s soul before he dies. The love they will have for Miss Emily will show the respect of the elders, loyalty to family and friend’s and, the growth when they change. Miss Emily is Jeffferson’ godmother, who is called nannan. She is in her seventies and, she is retired as a cook for Mr. Henry Pichot. Jefferson goes with his friend’s, not knowing that they are going to rob the store. After everyone is killed, Jefferson is the only person still standing in the store and, his fault is that he took the money out of the cashier since everyone is dead. He is arrested and, goes to trial for the murders. He will be sentenced to death by the electric chair. His lawyer tried to get him off by saying “Why, I would just as soon put a hog in the electric chair as this”(Stanley 1). Black people will not have the same justice as the White people in these time. Miss Emily recruits Taute Lou, Grant Wiggins and, Reverend Ambrose to help Jefferson die with dignity. Miss Emily knows that Taute Lou’s nephew is a teacher and, can teach hi m about life. Reverend Ambrose will be there to prepare...
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...to be a hero. What about the everyday hero? The hero that doesn’t expect a reward for their good deed. The hero that does something because it’s just the right thing to do. Who determines who a hero is? Heroes come in all shapes and sizes. Tall or short, skinny or fat, and even black or white. In the novel A Lesson Before Dying, the hero of the story cannot fly, he does not have the most strength or courage and he hasn’t saved any lives, much less a whole city. The hero in this story is a black man - charged for murder. Throughout A Lesson Before Dying Jefferson, an uneducated black man, is found guilty of murder for being in the wrong place at the wrong time. A white man died, so the logical reasoning during the 1940’s must be that a black man is guilty. From the moment Jefferson’s defense attorney stated, “‘Why, I would just as soon put a hog in the electric chair as this’,” Jefferson and the majority of all the white men living in the Bayonne, Louisiana believed Jefferson was a hog who was going to die in the chair (Gaines 8). While Jefferson is sitting on death row, Grant Wiggins is sent by Jefferson’s godmother, Miss Emma, to make Jefferson walk to “the chair” as a man - not a hog. During the first few visits by Grant to Jefferson, the responses and actions Jefferson says and does are not very hopeful. Although, in time Jefferson will undergo a transformation. A transformation that started with Jefferson on his knees with his head inside a bag of food eating and stating...
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...prior to the commission of a crime through fear of the known penalty. Specific deterrence focuses on seeking to impose punishment on the individual for lesser crimes in attempts to deter repeating or escalating criminal behavior. Incapacitation serves to remove individuals from society to ensure the safety of its members [3]. Capital punishment, commonly referred to as the death penalty, is the most extreme form of punishment imposed on an individual. It is currently defined as “the execution of a convicted criminal as punishment for the most serious of crimes [2]. Despite its current definition, its use throughout history has not always been so clearly defined and limiting. This paper will serve to discuss capital punishment and its application across time and the world. Application and Evolution Even before recorded history, early man formed tribal societies. These tribes were necessary to ensure survival in their sometimes harsh environment. Food, shelter and protection were afforded with increased numbers and banishment or shunning of an individual was used as man’s earliest implementation of a death sentence. Although they did not actively execute the individual, loss of position in tribal societies were, in...
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...Overview of the SEC Primitive economies are basically barter economies (goods and services traded for other goods and services), while in other mature economies, businesses are organized into proprietorships, partnerships, and joint venture. These types of closely held businesses, in which owners manage their own business, do not need external reporting of the results of operations. However, external reports have become essential with the increase in the size and number of business enterprises, along with the increased amount of people investing capital resources in these businesses. The corporate form of business also increases the need for objective verification of data and creates a need for disclosure of more and better information to owners and potential investors. Furthermore, the increase in value, size and activity of capital exchange in security market also increases the opening of taking advantage in lax conditions and to profit by misrepresentation and manipulation. Hence, the main reason for establishing the securities legislation was because large security market requires operating procedures that would protect investors from fraud and guarantee an adequate supply of capital for economic growth. Background of the SEC The Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) is one of several public and private sector rule-making organizations that have an effect on financial reporting for businesses. It plays a crucial role in the development...
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...Women Inventors, What significant inventions( important parts of our lives) are women responsible for? Battery container Nancy Perkins 1986 Beehive Thiphena Hornbrook 1861 Canister vacuum Nancy Perkins 1987 Car heater Margaret Wilcox 1893 Circular saw Tabitha Babbit 1812 Computer program Augusta Ada Byron 1842 Cooking stove Elizabeth Hawk 1867 Dam and reservoir construction Harriet Strong 1887 Direct and return mailing envelope Beulah Henry 1962 Dishwasher Josephine Cochran 1872 Drinking fountain device Laurene O'Donnell 1985 Electric hot water heater Ida Forbes 1917 Elevated railway Mary Walton 1881 Engine muffler El Dorado Jones 1917 Feedback control for data processing Erna Hoover 1971 Fire escape Anna Connelly 1887 Globes Ellen Fitz 1875 Grain storage bin Lizzie Dickelman 1920 Improved locomotive wheels Mary Jane Montgomery 1864 Improvement in dredging machines Emily Tassey 1876 Improvement in stone pavements Emily Gross 1877 Kevlar, a steel-like fiber used in radial tires, crash helmets, and bulletproof vests Stephanie Kwolek 1966 Life raft Maria Beaseley 1882 Liquid Paper correction fluid Bette Nesmith Graham 1956 Locomotive chimney Mary Walton 1879 Medical syringe Letitia Geer 1899 Mop-wringer pail Eliza Wood 1889 Oil burner Amanda Jones 1880 Permanent wave for the hair Marjorie Joyner 1928 Portable screen summer house Nettie Rood 1882 Refrigerator Florence Parpart 1914 Rolling pin Catherine Deiner 1891 Rotary...
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...John Paul G. Cordova ME2-1 “Today’s Computers: How Did They Evolve?” I. Introduction A. Background of the Topic - The topic, entitled “Today’s Computers: How Did They Evolve?”, just like the life of a person, also has its own backgrounds, from the simplest form to its complex form. In other words, computers of today have their own histories. As I continue this term paper, you will be discovering the history behind the evolution of computers. B. Importance of the Topic - This topic is important to be known by the community because computers are very useful nowadays. As a student, knowing the story behind the evolution of computers is important in order for me to understand the computers more efficiently. For teachers, it is also important for them to know the history behind the evolution of computers because they also use computers in order to finish their jobs more accurately, making them aware of the computer’s history. II. Body of the Document A. Evolution of Computer in the late 16th century, the 18th century, and the early 19th century: 1. “Abacus was the first counting device, which is originally made from Asia. It worked on a place-value notion meaning that the place of a bead or rock on the apparatus determined how much it was worth. During the 1660s, John Napier discovered logarithms. Robert Bissaker invented the slide rule which will remain in popular...
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...Media History Contents 1 Introduction 1.1 Mass media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1.1 1.1.2 1.1.3 1.1.4 1.1.5 1.1.6 1.1.7 1.1.8 1.1.9 Issues with definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Forms of mass media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Purposes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Professions involving mass media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Influence and sociology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ethical issues and criticism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Future . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . See also . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 1 2 6 6 7 8 10 10 10 10 11 11 12 12 12 12 16 16 17 17 17 17 17 17 18 19 20 21 21 21 1.1.10 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1.11 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1.12 Further reading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1.13 External links . . . . . . . . ....
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...Parle Milind et al. IRJP 2013, 4 (1) INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHARMACY www.irjponline.com ISSN 2230 – 8407 Review Article LABORATORY MODELS FOR SCREENING ANALGESICS Parle Milind* and Yadav Monu Pharmacology Division, Dept. Pharm. Sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana, India Article Received on: 13/11/12 Revised on: 17/12/12 Approved for publication: 23/12/12 *Email: mparle@rediffmail.com ABSTRACT Pain is a complex unpleasant phenomenon composed of sensory experiences that include time, space, intensity, emotion, cognition and motivation. Analgesics are the agents, which selectively relieve pain by acting in the CNS or by peripheral pain mechanisms without significantly altering consciousness. Analgesics may be narcotic or non-narcotic. The study of pain in animals raises ethical, philosophical and technical problems. Philosophically, there is a problem that pain cannot be monitored directly in animals but can only be measured by examining their responses to nociceptive stimuli. The observed reactions are almost always motor responses ranging from spinal reflexes to complex behavior. The animal models employed for screening of analgesic agents, include Pain-state models based on the use of thermal stimuli, mechanical stimuli, electrical stimuli and chemical stimuli. The neuronal basis of most of the above laboratory models is poorly understood, however their application is profitable in predicting analgesic...
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...The Art of Standards Wars Carl Shapiro Hal R. Varian S tandards wars—battles for market dominance hetween incompatible technologies—are a fixture of the information age. Based on our study of historical standards wars, we have identified several generic strategies, along with a number of winning tactics, to help companies fighting today's—and tomorrow's—battles. There is no doubt about the significance of standards battles in today's economy. Public attention is currently focused on the Browser War between Microsoft and Netscape (oops, America On-Line). Even as Judge Jackson evaluates the legality of Microsoft's tactics in the Browser War, the Audio and Video Streaming Battle is heating up between Microsoft and RealNetworks over software to deliver audio and video over the Internet. The 56k Modem War of 1997 pitted 3Com against Rockwell and Lucent. Microsoft's Word and Excel have vanquished WordPerfect and Lotus 1-2-3 respectively. Most everyone remembers the Video-Cassette Recorder Duel of the 1980s, in which Matsushita's VHS format triumphed over Sony's Betamax format. However, few recall how Philips's digital compact cassette and Sony's minidisk format both flopped in the early 1990s. This year, it's DVD versus Divx in the battle to replace both VCRs and CDs. Virtually every high-tech company has some role to play in these battles, perhaps as a primary combatant, more likely as a member of a coalition or Prepared for the Cnlifornia Management Review.Jh'is material...
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...M A G A Z I N E FA L L 2 0 0 2 Volume 20 Number 2 SPANNING THE GLOBE Duke Leads the Way in International Law Teaching and Scholarship inside plus Duke admits smaller, exceptionally well-qualified class Duke’s Global Capital Markets Center to launch new Directors’ Education Institute from the dean Dear Alumni and Friends, It is not possible, these days, for a top law school to be anything other than an international one. At Duke Law, we no longer think of “international” as a separate category. Virtually everything we do has some international dimension, whether it concerns international treaties and protocols, commercial transactions across national borders, international child custody disputes, criminal behavior that violates international human rights law, international sports competitions, global environmental regulation, international terrorism, or any number of other topics. And, of course, there is little that we do at Duke that does not involve scholars and students from other countries, who are entirely integrated with U.S. scholars and students. Students enrolled in our joint JD/LLM program in international and comparative law receive an in-depth education in both the public and private aspects of international and comparative law, enriched by the ubiquitous presence of foreign students; likewise, the foreign lawyers who enroll in our one-year LLM program in American law enroll in the same courses, attend the same conferences...
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...M A G A Z I N E FA L L 2 0 0 2 Volume 20 Number 2 SPANNING THE GLOBE Duke Leads the Way in International Law Teaching and Scholarship inside plus Duke admits smaller, exceptionally well-qualified class Duke’s Global Capital Markets Center to launch new Directors’ Education Institute from the dean Dear Alumni and Friends, It is not possible, these days, for a top law school to be anything other than an international one. At Duke Law, we no longer think of “international” as a separate category. Virtually everything we do has some international dimension, whether it concerns international treaties and protocols, commercial transactions across national borders, international child custody disputes, criminal behavior that violates international human rights law, international sports competitions, global environmental regulation, international terrorism, or any number of other topics. And, of course, there is little that we do at Duke that does not involve scholars and students from other countries, who are entirely integrated with U.S. scholars and students. Students enrolled in our joint JD/LLM program in international and comparative law receive an in-depth education in both the public and private aspects of international and comparative law, enriched by the ubiquitous presence of foreign students; likewise, the foreign lawyers who enroll in our one-year LLM program in American law enroll in the same courses, attend the same conferences...
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...Michael C. Knapp Cases in Auditing , 2003 Ethics case enron corporation John and Mary Andersen immigrated to the United States from their native Nor-way in 1881. The young couple made their way to the small farming community of Piano, Illinois, some 40 miles southwest of downtown Chicago. Over the pre-vious few decades, hundreds of Norwegian families had settled in Piano and sur-rounding communities. In fact, the aptly named Norway, Illinois, was located just a few miles away from the couple's new hometown. In 1885, Arthur Edward An-dersen was born. From an early age, the Andersens' son had a fascination with numbers. Little did his parents realize that Arthur's interest in numbers would become the driving force in his life. Less than one century after he was born, an accounting firm bearing Arthur Andersen's name would become the world's largest professional services organization with more than 1,000 partners and op-erations in dozens of countries scattered across the globe. think straight, talk straight Discipline, honesty, and a strong work ethic were three key traits that John and Mary Andersen instilled in their son. The Andersens also constantly impressed upon him the importance of obtaining an education. Unfortunately, Arthur's par-ents did not survive to help him achieve that goal. Orphaned by the time he was a young teenager, Andersen was forced to take a full-time job as a mail clerk and attend night classes to work his way through high school...
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...A BRIEF HISTORY OF MANAGEMENT “Those who cannot learn from history are doomed to repeat it.” —George Santayana The World of Work: Tony considers his style O n the way home from the restaurant—soon to be his restaurant, Tony thought—the news of his Whenever she visited the restaurant, she and Jerry would always end up huddled in one of the corner booths over her laptop screen or a spreadsheet printout discussing numbers—food costs, labor costs, and the figures for the latest marketing campaign to increase sales. Dawn always ended her visit by walking around and checking in with everyone to make sure they were doing okay. Since Jerry ran such a good crew, there were never any problems, but Tony wondered what Dawn’s reaction would have been if she had found any. Jerry’s style always seemed to Tony to be more about the people than the numbers. He obviously hit promotion finally started to sink in. Jerry’s promotion to regional manager didn’t give either of them a lot of time to manage the transition, so the day had been filled with a lot of information—forms, rules, regulations, guidelines, and plenty of tips and tricks from Jerry on how to cope with the unexpected. In the peace and quiet of his apartment, Tony started thinking back to his earlier days at the Taco Barn and to the many lessons he had learned from both Jerry and Dawn. They were very different in their approach to their jobs. Dawn was all about the numbers. 26 LEARNING objectives CH A P T ER ...
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...also have to consider the time. My point is that: what I am going to share in this article concerning the Igorot culture might not be the same practiced by the Igorots of today. It has made variations by the passing of time, which is also normally happening to many other cultures, but the main core of respect and reverence to ancestors and to those who had just passed is still there. The Igorot culture that I like to share is about our practices and beliefs during the "time of Death". Death is part of the cycle of life. Igorots practice this part of life cycle with a great meaning and importance. Before the advent of Christianity in the Igorotlandia, the Igorots or the people of the Cordilleran region in the Philippines were animist or pagans. Our reverence or the importance of giving honor to our ancestors is a part of our daily activities. We consider our ancestors still to be with us, only that they exist in another world or dimension. Whenever we have some special feasts (e.g., occasions during death, wedding, family gathering, etc.), when we undertake something special (like going somewhere to look for a job or during thanksgiving), we perform some special offer. We call this "Menpalti/ Menkanyaw", an act of butchering and offering animals. During these times we call them in our prayers to join us in spirit. We do this also to ask for help and/or ask for guidance, etc. The prayers are usually performed by an elderly person of the town (called "pangamaen" for a man and "Panginaen"...
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...Table of Contents * Introduction 1 Evolution of Management Philosophies and Theories 2 Management Philosophies and Theories before 20th Century 2 Management philosophies and Theories during 20th Century 3 Management Philosophies and Theories after 20th Century 5 Scientific Management Theory 6 Bureaucratic Management Theory 6 Human Relations Movement 6 Traits of Progressive Management Development Programs 7 Contingency Theory 7 Systems Theory 7 Chaos Theory 8 Reputable Management Gurus and Contributors 9 Roger Martin 9 Frederick Winslow Taylor 10 Linda A. Hill 12 Vijay Govindarajan 14 Coimbatore Krishnarao Prahalad 16 Conclusion 17 References 18 Introduction Administration is the function of industry concerned in the determination of corporate policy, the co-ordination of finance, production, and distribution, the settlement of the compass of the organization, and the ultimate control of the executive. Meanwhile, management is the function in industry concerned in the execution of policy, which is within the limits set up by administration, and the employment of the organization for the particular objects set before it. Although literature on the field of business management dates back to the late nineteenth century, the study of human service management and administration is relatively recent. Most of the literature has come from the field of non-profit management such as social work, the arts, education, research, science, religion, philanthropy,...
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