...lament . . . the impending Calamities Britain and her Colonies are about to suffer, from great Imprudencies on both Sides -- Passion governs, and she never governs wisely -- Anxiety begins to disturb my Rest." Benjamin Franklin, 1775 "Every kind of of service, necessary to the public good, becomes honorable by being necessary." Nathan Hale, when his friend, Captain William Hull, was accused of crossing enemy lines, 1776 I only regret that I have but one life to lose for my country. Nathan Hale, before being hanged by the British, September 22, 1776 ". . .In defence of the freedom that is our birthright. . .we have taken up arms. We shall lay them down when hostilities shall cease on the part of the agressors, and all danger of their being renewed shall be removed, and not before." John Hancock, In his pamphlet, Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of taking up Arms, July 6, 1775. From Revolution to Reconstruction "The distinctions between Virginians, Pennsylvanians, New Yorkers, New Englanders are no more. I AM NOT A VIRGINIAN, BUT AN AMERICAN!" Patrick Henry "I know not what course others may take; but as for me, give me liberty or give me death." Patrick Henry "The cement of this union is in the heart blood of every American." Thomas Jefferson, Writings Determine never to be idle. No person will have occasion to complain of the want of time, who never loses any. It is wonderful how much may be done, if we are always doing. And that you may be always doing good, my dear, is the...
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...and by the Enlightenment philosophers, the Declaration was a core statement of the values of the French Revolution and had a major impact on the development of freedom and democracy, in Europe and...
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...10 ID’s Olaudah Equiano 1. Olaudah Equiano told the story of his enslavement and was born in Nigeria. 2. Olaudah Equiano was shipped to Virginia where no one was able to understand him. 3. Olaudah Equiano was kidnapped when he was eleven years old and sold. 4. Olaudah Equiano had never heard of white men, Europeans, or the sea. Benjamin Franklin 1. Benjamin Franklin published Poor Richard’s Almanack. 2. Benjamin Franklin began as an aspiring tradesman. 3. Benjamin Franklin opened a shop that sold cheese, coffee, soap, and sometimes a slave. 4. Benjamin Franklin’s Almanack became his most profitable product. Sugar Act 1. The Sugar Act raised the consequences of smuggling. 2. The Sugar Act came about in 1764 and was also called the Revenue Act. 3. The Sugar Act lowered the tax on molasses making it more appealing for shippers to follow the law. 4. The Sugar Act’s decreased tax on molasses did not stop smuggling like it was meant too. Daughters of Liberty 1. The Daughters of Liberty formed so that women could play a role in public happenings 2. Any woman in the community could make ties with the Daughters of Liberty by boycotting British goods. 3. The Daughters of Liberty held protests quietly unlike the Sons of Liberty. 4. The Daughters of Liberty would boycott things like tea, clothes, thread, etc. and were sometimes referred to as The Daughters of Industry. Thomas Gage 1. Thomas Gage...
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...King of Great Britain and Ireland from 25 October 1760 until the union of the two countries on 1 January 1801, after which he was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland until his death. The First Continental Congress was a meeting of delegates from twelve of the Thirteen Colonies who met from September 5 to October 26, 1774 at Carpenters' Hall in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania early in the American Revolution. It was called in response to the Intolerable Acts passed by the British Parliament, which the British referred to as the Coercive Acts, with which the British intended to punish Massachusetts for the Boston Tea Party. The Congress met briefly to consider options, including an economic boycott of British trade and drawing up a list of rights and grievances; in the end, they petitioned King George III for redress of those grievances. On this day in 1774, the First Continental Congress sends a respectful petition to King George III to inform his majesty that if it had not been for the acts of oppression forced upon the colonies by the British Parliament, the American people would be standing behind British rule....
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...On July 4 1776, the Second Continental Congress signed the Declaration of Independence and declared themselves a nation separate from England. Many historians debate whether or not this was a justifiable action. However, the actions of the colonists were warranted. In the time before they declared themselves independent, British Parliament passed several unreasonable acts and taxes, sent troops to the colonies that had conflicts with the colonists, and they rejected the colonists prior attempts to make peace. One argument that supports the American colonists breaking away from Britain is the numerous acts and taxes that Britain enforced on the colonists. For instance, in 1765 the Stamp Act was passed and a tax was placed on all paper goods....
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...having a union between the colonies in the British Empire. The more extreme American Leaders, the second continental congress, created the Declaration of the causes and Necessities for Taking up Arms. They wanted for troops in the colonies to fight the British forces. 2. The Americans that became loyalists were more prominent in New York, Georgia, and New Jersey. These people were generally wealthier and were more involved in the government of their colony. On the other hand, the Patriots were mainly found in New England and Virginia. These people were less wealthy and not as involved in the American Clergy as the loyalists. 3. I agree with the statement that Thomas Paine’s writings had a greater impact on the winning of American Independence than any other event. First, these writings were popular among all of the colonies. The pamphlet gave the idea of independence to the colonists in a way that didn’t seem so radical. His words were so powerful and influential convincing many colonists that it was common sense not to let a small country very far away rule over them. After this, more people most likely wanted independence and would fight for it. 4. The American Revolution could be called a civil war in a way. The Americans did split into a group that supported independence and another that supported Britain and they did end up fighting each other. Also, the colonies are part of Britain. For the colonists to fight British soldiers is like fighting the people in your...
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...Lord North’s help with votes ended up winning by a long shot. A rare amount of Parliament advised their fellow lawmakers to put into use calming measures, before it was too late. What functions did the Congress fulfill as it sought to manage the American rebellion? • The Continental Congress assumed executive functions the Crown had once performed. It took an order of the army, authorized the creation of a navy, ran the post office, conducted Indian negotiations, and printed paper money. The first Congress was adjourned in October of 1774. • Everybody that was in the congress who expected that the imperial crisis would be resolved without a need for war. But, when the representatives met again in Philadelphia in 1775, it was too late because they war had already started. The soldiers...
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...International Humanitarian Law – jus in bello 1. Geneva Conventions The law in this area is covered by the four Geneva Conventions, signed in 1949 after the atrocities of WW2 and two additional protocols signed in 1977. 1. Geneva Convention on the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded and Sick in Armed Forces in the Field (GC I) 2. Geneva Convention on the Amelioration of the Condition of Wounded, Sick and Shipwrecked Members of Armed Forces at Sea (GC II) 3. Geneva Convention on the Treatment of Prisoners of War (GC III) 4. Geneva Convention on the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War (GC IV) Protocols of 1977 – in response to the conflict in Vietnam 1. Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts (Additional Protocol I) 2. Protection of Victims of Non-International Armed Conflicts (Additional Protocol II) 2. International Armed Conflict – application of the GC’s • International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) states that an armed conflict within the meaning of the Geneva Conventions is any difference of opinion between two states that leads to intervention or action by the members of their armed forces • Common Article 2 of GC (ie in all of them) states that it will apply: o To all cases of war, and armed conflict between two or more parties to the treaty (even if “the state of war” is not recognised by one of them) o To all cases of partial or total occupation of the territory...
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...Many people are pro-gun control while others are against it. One fact is: “The Second Amendment only restricts the federal and state governments from imposing gun control that would completely deprive citizens of the right to defend their homes and their right to take part in defending their liberties as members of a national militia” (Charles, 2013). There is always some level of gun control. It can rise of course, but they cannot be taken away to their entirety. There are many pros to debate as well as cons. As gun control is discussed, we will come across ethical, moral, and legal issues. The Pros of Gun Control Do we not have enough gun violence occurring in today’s society that we feel the need to grant Americans permission to bear arms? Regulation of guns is a necessary action that needs to be taken in order to save lives. Gun control is an effort to stop the rise in violent crime by strengthening laws on the ownership of firearms. “According to studies, 54 percent of Americans say stricter laws would reduce the number of deaths caused by mass shootings.” Terrorism, schools shootings and other modern circumstances cannot be prevented all together; however stricter gun laws will limit the access to firearms and decrease the rate of deaths. Many Americans own firearms as a means of protection for their homes; however a crime victim who has a gun may be in more danger than an unarmed person, since the criminal may kill in perceived self-defense. A crime can quickly escalate...
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...From Empire to Independence Colonies became more important for the British mainland economy Colonies experienced agricultural and commercial growth but remained diverse in composition and outlook o Generally adverse to cooperative efforts The Heritage of War Most Americans submitted willingly to the English government due to their alliance in French and Indian War o However, American nationalism was building Brutalities of English soldiers heightened sense of separate identity English soldiers were inept at frontier fighting; initial respect for them was lost English disrupted the colonies’ illegal but necessary molasses trade with the French West Indies Writs of assistance (unspecific search warrants) and naval patrols Boston merchants hired James Otis to fight writs of assistance; he lost but revealed that writs of assistance were like slavery Why was revenue needed? o Management and defense of new global possessions o Payment of war debt o Expansion of colonial administration and defense British Politics Nearly every politician was a Whig: a name given to those who had opposed James II, led the Glorious Revolution of 1688, and secured Protestant succession o Champions of individual liberty and parliamentary supremacy o Whiggism drifted into complacency: dominant group of landowners became concerned with personal wealth George III wanted to limit Whigs so ousted William Pitt as prime minister and established “king’s friends” o Government became...
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...Thomas Jefferson By: Jamie M. Narron American History I Instructor Dr. Alan Lamm Thomas Jefferson was born on April 13, 1743 at Shadwell, his family’s farm in Albemarle County, Virginia. Thomas was the third child in the family of 10 children, six girls and 4 boys. His father, Peter Jefferson had many jobs during his life; he served as a surveyor, sheriff, colonel of militia, and member of the House of Burgess. His mother, Jane Randolph Jefferson, came from the one of the oldest families in Virginia. [1] Thomas grew up as any normal young colony boy would. His interest included hunting, fishing, horseback riding, and canoeing. All the children learned to play the violin and to appreciate music. Peter Jefferson taught Thomas to read and write, and to keep the farm accounts. [1] At the age of nine Thomas began his studies in local schools, and went to live with a nearby Scottish clergyman, who taught him Latin, Greek, and French. [1] At the age of fourteen Thomas Jefferson’s father passed away. Thomas being the oldest son became the head of the family. His inheritance included Shadwell with its 30 slaves and more than 2, 500 acres of land. John Harvey, Thomas’s guardian, managed the estate. [1] After Thomas’s father died, he entered the school of the Reverend James Maury, near Charlottesville. Thomas Jefferson was a remarkable genius, he enjoyed a large number of pursuits ranging from reading the works of Greek and Roman authors, and he read these in their own...
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...THE CAUSES AND EFFECT OF THE HAITIAN REVOLUTION The Haitian Revolution represents the most thorough case study of revolutionary change anywhere in the history of the modern world. In ten years of sustained internal and international warfare, a colony populated predominantly by plantation slaves overthrew both its colonial status and its economic system and established a new political state of entirely free individuals—with some ex-slaves constituting the new political authority. As only the second state to declare its independence in the Americas, Haiti had no viable administrative models to follow. The British North Americans who declared their independence in 1776 left slavery intact, and theirs was more a political revolution than a social and economic one. The success of Haiti against all odds made social revolutions a sensitive issue among the leaders of political revolt elsewhere in the Americas during the final years of the eighteenth century and the first decades of the nineteenth century. Yet the genesis of the Haitian Revolution cannot be separated from the wider concomitant events of the later eighteenth-century Atlantic world. Indeed, the period between 1750 and 1850 represented an age of spontaneous, interrelated revolutions, and events in Saint Domingue/Haiti constitute an integral—though often overlooked—part of the history of that larger sphere. These multi-faceted revolutions combined to alter the way individuals and groups saw themselves and their place in...
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...Time Line May 19, 2012 Correct dates/time period for each of the 10 major events listed in the matrix. | 10 | | | | | Accurate description and significance of the key players and events for each of the following : | | | 1)The evolution of the causes of World War I. | 5 | | 2)The socio-cultural impact of World War I on the U.S. | 8 | | 3)Woodrow Wilson’s rationale for engaging in World War I (note the theme of an individual’s right of God-given freedoms). | 8 | | 4)The cultural milieu of Roaring Twenties and its impact on the Great Depression. | 8 | | 5)The causes and consequences of the Great Depression and its socio-economic impact on American society. | 12 | | 6)Evaluate the socio-economic effects of the New Deal and its legacy to American history | 10 | | 7)The lingering consequences of the Treaty of Versailles that gave rise to the dictatorships of the Axis powers. | 6 | | 8)The evolution of events that brought the U.S. into World War II (note the theme of “God-given freedoms for all people”). | 14 | | 9)The socio-economic and cultural impact of World War II on U.S. society. | 14 | | 10)World War II’s legacy to American history, including its social, economic, political, and cultural impacts. | 15 | | | | | Solid academic writing and in-text citations including a reference page using GCU documentation guidelines. | 30 | | After the turn of the 20th century people in the United States were not looking to get involved in...
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...objectives, cultural objectives, international relations, and duties of citizens. The main issue that relates to the directive principles is their constitutional status; whether they are justiciable or not justiciable and this is applicable to both Ghana and Nigeria. A policy is a guide to the achievement of an objective. By constitutional policy, we mean the principles and objectives set out in the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria of 1999 (CFRN 1999) which act as a guide to achieving governmental objectives. A government without a guide is like an aircraft without a compass. In the words of Oguntade (JSC), the Constitution is the very foundation and structure upon which the existence of all organs of governance is hinged[2]. The arms of government have a valid constitutional legitimacy when they are not only recognised by a constitution but are duly regulated by the constitution in terms of the structure, scope of their powers and matters...
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...Revolutions 159 Revolutions 1688-1815 Chapter 15 W Louis XIV’s bedroom in Versailles. Each day officially began with a ceremony of getting him out of bed, his “rising,” and ended with a similar retiring ceremony at night. The small fence was to keep the onlookers at a safe distance, somewhat like a fence at a zoo. hen William and Mary ascended to the British throne in 1688 it was hailed as “the Glorious Revolution” for no blood had been shed and the British had a nation with greater political freedom than any other in Europe. Their ascent to the throne was quickly followed by a Declaration of Rights which guaranteed things like trial by jury and parliamentary representation to all British citizens. John Locke, the author and philosopher who supplied much of the intellectual foundation of the glorious resolution wrote in his Second Treatise on Government: “Man being born, as has been proved, with a title to perfect freedom, and an uncontrolled enjoyment of all the rights and privileges of the law of nature, equally with any other man, or number of men in the world, hath by nature a power, not only to preserve his property, that is, his life, liberty and estate, against the injuries and attempts of other men…” Locke further contended that the role of government is to preserve these rights and that the power of government is a result of the individual citizens collectively agreeing to be ruled. In July of 1776 Thomas Jefferson would modify Locke’s treatment of natural...
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