...as follows:— Explanatory Notes on the constitution of the Constitution. 1. The Constitution of Swaziland Act, No. 50 of 1968c came into force on the 12th September, 1968 and was abrogated on the12th April 1973 by a legislative instrument called the King’s Proclamation to the Nation, 1973. Section 3A of the Kings Proclamation to the Nation reads — “The Constitution of the Kingdom of Swaziland which commenced on the 6th September, 1968 is hereby repealed”. 2. The King’s Proclamation to the Nation contained thirteen (13) Decrees (confusingly sometimes referred to as “paragraphs”) and numbers 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 10 declared or decreed that certain sections, Parts and Chapters of the “repealed Constitution” shall again apply, come into force, operate with full force and effect and shall be construed with such modifications, adaptations, qualifications and exceptions as may be necessary to bring them into conformity with this and ensuing decrees. (a) 1890 c. 37. 3. The lacking aspect in the legislative drafting of the King’s Proclamation to the Nation is the “directive” as to what was supposed to happen to the sections, Parts and Chapters resurrected or saved. Accepting that the Constitution of Swaziland Act of 1968 as a legal entity or better still as a statute book...
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...With reference to Source A, B and C, and your understanding of the historical context, assess the value of these sources to an historian studying the significance of 1789. [30 marks] Source A is an extract from the pamphlet labelled ‘What is the Third Estate?’ written by the French clergyman Abbé Sieyés which was published in January 1789. The author, Sieyés, was elected as a representative of the Third Estate when the Estates-General were met in May 1789. It can, therefore, be argued that the source is useful to historians studying the significance of 1789 owing to the fact that it embodies the views of the Third Estate even if it is propaganda. In addition to this, it is important to mention that Source A is published in January 1789 when revolutionary ideologies were swiftly spreading across the country as a result of the King’s declaration in August 1788 that the Estates-General would meet which is often considered by historians to have been a factor of the outbreak of the Revolution in 1789 as it made members of the public believe change was possible. To an historian, the arguments presented by Sieyés in the source itself are both relevant and useful to develop a greater understanding of the significance of 1789 owing to the fact that it presents the frustrations and the requirements the Third Estate. Sieyés use of the question and answer combination featured in the pamphlet of ‘What is the Third Estate? – Everything’ presents the argument that those who make up the Third...
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...Galileo has had on our church is indisputable, but this conflict surrounding Galileo’s observations doesn’t justify emotionally charged suppression; it deserves the time of day to be investigated. I do believe that Galileo should be convicted of some form of heresy, but if he changes pace to promoting his ideas as solely hypothesis and in Latin, then I strongly stress that he should only be convicted of the lowest form of heresy. The foundation for this assertion is within the decrees of the Council of Trent and how they clarify that ideas are not heretical when posed as hypotheses like Copernicus’. Therefore, Galileo should be allowed freedom of inquisition for as long as he poses his findings as hypotheses. Lastly,...
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...THE EXECUTIVE POWER 1- THE PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC: Article 49 (As amended by the Constitutional Law of October 17, 1927, And by the constitutional law of may 8, 1929, And by the constitutional law of January 21, 1947 And by the constitutional law of September 21, 1990) The President of the Republic is the head of the state and the symbol of the nation's unity. He shall safeguard the constitution and Lebanon's independence, unity, and territorial integrity. The President shall preside over the Supreme Defense Council and be the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces which fall under the authority of the Council of Ministers. The President of the Republic shall be elected by secret ballot and by a two thirds majority of the Chamber of Deputies. After a first ballot, an absolute majority shall be sufficient. The President's term is six years. He may not be re-elected until six years after the expiration of his last mandate. No one may be elected to the Presidency of the Republic unless he fulfills the conditions of eligibility for the Chamber of Deputies. It is also not possible to elect judges, Grade One civil servants, or their equivalents in all public institutions to the Presidency during their term or office or within two years following the date of their resignation and their effective cessation of service, or following retirement. Article 50 Upon assuming office, the President of the Republic shall take an oath of fidelity before the Parliament, to the Nation...
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...“conservative” group. By the time the council had ended many different decrees, declarations, and constitutions had been issued. All of this statements were conciliatory in nature, and avoided rigid definitions and condemning...
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...Gobbet 1. ! a. “Since a national constitution and public liberty are more advantageous to the provinces than the privileges which some of them enjoy, and the sacrifice of which is necessary for the close union of all parts of the realm, all special privileges of provinces, principalities, pays, cantons, cities, and communities of inhabitants, whether pecuniary or of any other kind, are declared abolished forever, and shall be absorbed into the law common to all Frenchmen.” The Abolition of the Feudal Regime, 4th August 1789 ! ! On the 4th August 1979, the National Assembly drafted a decree as an attempt to abolish feudalism and improve the lives of the ‘Third Estate,’ consisting of the bourgeoisie and peasants. In the weeks prior to the issuing of the decree, peasants had been revolting in the rural areas, burning down houses belonging to nobility and destroying records belonging to holders of seigneurial rights in resistance to the rumour that King Louis XVI was attempting to restore his authority by military force. These weeks of revolt and destruction became known as the Great Fear. The National Assembly saw themselves as the only solution and way of bringing about revolutionary change. With the whole country facing the possibility of collapse and disorder, they were left with little choice but to either quell the uprisings using military means or address the apparent grievances of the peasants. ! The Great Fear exposed the lack of authority and vulnerability...
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...American Studies, vol. 17, no. 4, Dec. 2013, pp. 480-505. EBSCOhost. I found this article interesting because, it used real life examples and not just peoples thought on what they thought was happening. I also liked this article because it used real life situations and it never made like you have to take a side to police racism. 2. DONALD, HEATHER MAC. "Let the Police Police." National Review, vol. 69, no. 9, 15 May2017, pp. 28-29. EBSCOhost. The article reports on the opposition of some city officials and police chiefs to U.S. Attorney General Jeff Sessions' plan to review police consent decrees that limit the authority of local police departments in the U.S. Topics discussed include the ways in which accusations of racism among police officers influenced the formulation of the consent decrees, the reasons why some local officials oppose Sessions' planned review and the impact of the consent decrees on crime control in U.S. cities. 3....
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...P. DE LA CRUZ, in his capacity as Director, Malacañang Records Office, and FLORENDO S. PABLO, in his capacity as Director, Bureau of Printing, respondents. ESCOLIN, J.: Invoking the people's right to be informed on matters of public concern, a right recognized in Section 6, Article IV of the 1973 Philippine Constitution, 1 as well as the principle that laws to be valid and enforceable must be published in the Official Gazette or otherwise effectively promulgated, petitioners seek a writ of mandamus to compel respondent public officials to publish, and/or cause the publication in the Official Gazette of various presidential decrees, letters of instructions, general orders, proclamations, executive orders, letter of implementation and administrative orders. Specifically, the publication of the following presidential issuances is sought: a] Presidential Decrees Nos. 12, 22, 37, 38, 59, 64, 103, 171, 179, 184, 197, 200, 234, 265, 286, 298, 303, 312, 324, 325, 326, 337, 355, 358, 359, 360, 361, 368, 404, 406, 415, 427, 429, 445, 447, 473, 486, 491, 503, 504, 521, 528, 551, 566, 573, 574, 594, 599, 644, 658, 661, 718, 731, 733, 793, 800, 802, 835, 836, 923, 935, 961, 1017-1030, 1050, 1060-1061, 1085, 1143, 1165, 1166, 1242, 1246, 1250, 1278, 1279, 1300, 1644, 1772, 1808, 1810, 1813-1817, 1819-1826, 18291840, 1842-1847. b] Letter of Instructions Nos.: 10, 39, 49, 72, 107, 108, 116, 130, 136, 141, 150, 153, 155, 161, 173, 180, 187,...
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...economic policies influence this industry. The tourism industry works with a number of governmental departments and bodies so that they can get the full potential of visitor economy. 2.3 Implications of political Change on the Travel and Tourism Sector in different Countries Political changes can make a huge effect on the tourism sector of a country. Fundamental changes in politics can cause fear for their safety in mind of tourists and they can avoid visiting such countries. Political changes in home country of tourist can also have an impact on the tourism industry of other country. The attractiveness of a country can be increased or decreased by political changes. It depends on the type of change that the number of tourist will increase or decrees. If a country is known as unsafe place for tourists before changes in their safety policies but if changes results in a felling of greater safety then that country can slowly recover to a batter status of tourism industry....
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...Economics 560 Case Study 2 Shifting Gears: Ford Motor Company in Mexico Suggested Answers 1. Consider the Mexican government’s Auto Decrees between 1962 and 1982. Does the government appear to be motivated by (a) the theory that factor mobility replaces trade or (b) the theory that factor mobility augments trade (or (c) both)? Explain, using evidence from the case. In a Heckscher-Ohlin model the ability of factors to cross national borders in response to factorprice differentials leads to the replacement of trade in goods and the attainment of the same welfare gains as with free trade. When the production process can be divided into parts, foreign investment can lead to increased welfare and augmented trade. The 1962 Auto Decree eliminated imports of cars. This seems to rely upon trade replacement: capital investment in Mexico will yield the same gains as would be available through trade. The 1972 and 1977 Auto Decrees limited imports of car parts by requiring that any import be offset by an export of the same value. This also reflects a belief that limiting imports will encourage foreign investment (and domestic investment) to produce the car parts locally. (So also did the domestic content requirement in the 1983 Auto Decree.) There is also evidence of the trade-augmenting role of foreign investment. The 1977 Auto Decree allows firms to meet their export requirements through the activities of maquiladoras they own: these rely upon dividing the production process into parts...
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...Assess the impact of the Continental System on Europe after 1806 “England is a nation of Shopkeepers”- Napoleon Bonaparte It was on the 21st of November 1806 that Napoleon Bonaparte, Emperor of the French, issued the Berlin Decrees; beginning a self-blockade of Europe that would last to some extent or another, for the next 8 years until his abdication on April 11th 1814. Bonaparte is purported to have believed that his policy of Blocus Continental would lead to inflation and large-scale debt within Britain, and while his desired impact of the Continental System unto the UK was not quite so dramatic, the affects that Napoleon intended as a result of the Berlin Decrees were extremely significant in terms of their impact upon Europe. However, there were also numerous consequential impacts of the Continental System which need to be examined if an objective assessment of its impacts upon Europe is to be made; aided by the classification of impacts into short and long term and positive or negative. The Continental System was intended as a way in which Bonaparte could force Britain into a peace, but its primary effect was that of alienation. After the Milan Decrees (17th December, 1807) endorsed and actively legislated for the capture of neutral ships sailing in international waters if they had traded at a British Port, carried British goods; or merely had allowed the Royal Navy to search their ship. This effectively changed the way in which trade worked across the Globe...
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...How Significant was the Reichstag Fire? On the night of the 27th of February, 1933, the Reichstag building in Berlin burned down in an act declared by the Nazi Party to be the inception of a widespread communist uprising. The Reichstag Fire, as it was called, can be observed as one of the most significant events in the formation of Nazi Germany through its pivotal role in the reduction of civil liberties of Germany’s citizens and the emergence of a near dictatorial regime within the Weimar Republic. The significance of the fire lies in its role as a catalyst towards effecting the power that the Nazi Party would hold throughout the 1930’s as a result of the various decrees and laws passed in response to it. There is little doubt that the party would have come to similar power with time, but by utilising the fire as part of a communist plot to overthrow the German government, Adolf Hitler created a political and social environment susceptible to his control. The direct consequences of the fire were great, both in terms of political gain and the restriction of rights for the Nazi party’s adversaries, which at that point was predominantly the communist community. These greater holds on power were provided chiefly through the instigation of the Reichstag Decree and the Enabling Act along with the utilisation of political alliances between the police force and the Nazi Party. To understand the resounding effect of the fire, the general political environment in Germany before the...
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...While he is persecuted and sentenced many times, he proves to the Babylonian King Nebuchadnezzar, and his proceeding Kings (Belshazzar, and Darius), that Gods reign and power is more powerful and long lasting than that of any King. Due to his sentencing by the Kings and deliverance by God, the Kings grow to become sympathetic of him and believers and promoters of Gods supremacy. God demonstrates his deliverance and protection towards the men multiple times throughout the book. From the beginning of the story, Daniel and his friends demonstrate their reluctance to become docile to the King’s laws as they continued to follow God’s decrees and ways....
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...Presidential Decree No.1125 & 1569 Source: http://www.lawphil.net/statutes/presdecs/pd1977/pd_1125_1977.html http://excell.csc.gov.ph/ELIGSPECIAL/pd1569.pdf http://www.senate.gov.ph/lisdata/99858566!.pdf http://www.gov.ph/1977/04/21/presidential-decree-no-1125-s-1977/ http://web.csc.gov.ph/cscsite2/2014-08-26-07-36-12/eligibilities-granted-under-special-laws-and-csc-issuances http://web.csc.gov.ph/cscsite2/barangay-nutrition-scholar-eligibility-bnse http://lbtimes.ph/2011/2013/09/20/lb-bns-out-with-the-old-in-with-the-new/ Summary: Presidential Decrees were an innovation made by President Ferdinand E. Marcos with the proclamation of Martial Law. They served to arrogate unto the Chief Executive the lawmaking powers of Congress. Only President Marcos issued Presidential Decrees. In the Freedom Constitution of 1986, President Corazon C. Aquino recognized the validity of existing Presidential Decrees unless otherwise repealed. Presidential Decree 1125 was enacted to grant Muslim returnees who have successfully completed the Leadership Training Program for the development of Mindanao which aims to harness their capabilities for the development effort of the government. Upon completion of the said program they are hereby conferred Sub-professional Civil Service Eligibility which qualifies them for appointment to first level positions in the Civil Service. It also enables them to be integrated in the political mainstream to hasten national development. Presidential...
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...Chapter 8. In their article, “An analysis of 42 U.S.C § 14141 the new model for police accountability”, the authors found that consent decrees in general and policing by decree have had a profound effect on public policy. They say in response to an isolated sensational incident, namely, the LAPD attack on Rodney King, Congress passed § 14141 ushering in a new model of “policing the police” without fully considering the consequences. Ross and Parke raised thought-provoking questions concerning police misconduct and accountability at a federal level rather than at the state level: Whether § 14141 represent the appropriate legal mechanism with which to address allegations of police abuse? Whether § 14141 has been or will be effective in reforming the police? According to the authors, there are several reasons for caution and skepticism: (1) federalism, (2) consent decree shifts power form the elected government to the DOJ and courts, and (3) interferes with present leadership within the department and has a negative impact among line officers. The two authors conclude that there is no evidence that consent decree out performs other remedies already available to the citizenry, and there is much evidence to suggest that the public safety is in fact adversely affected. Noah Kepferberg wrote the article “Transparency: A New Role For Police Consent Decrees”. Kepferberg research agrees with Ross and Parke that much of the evidence suggests the public safety is in fact adversely affected...
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