...To what extent was Peter’s failure to delegate authority the main cause of the difficulties that Sam faced in completing the report? [16 marks] The failure of Peter to realise what was needed for Sam to complete the report for him means that it was the main cause of Sam’s difficulties. Sam was very unfortunate and had tried numerous times to get hold of him. Peter should have realised that Sam needed this other information to produce a detailed report for him. However this was not the only reason that Sam had difficulties. One of the main reasons that Sam failed to produce a good report is that Peter didn’t give Sam enough information to complete the task that he had delegated to him. He explained what he wanted Sam to do in under 20 minutes which isn’t a long enough amount of time for Sam to understand exactly what was needed. This is equally as important to the fact that Peter failed to delegate authority properly. Sam had never taken on any roles like this and this makes it difficult for him to complete the report properly as he has had no previous practice or training. Peter failed to delegate authority properly as he should have picked someone with more experienced who was in a better position to be able to produce the report. Peter also undermined the importance of the report by going away somewhere else so that he wasn’t able to complete the report himself. This may have meant that Sam was less motivated to do the report as Peter didn’t value the report that much...
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...DELEGATE POWER, OR KEEP IT CLOSE? Summary: Samantha Parks owner and CEO of SPARKS, a small agency that develops marketing strategies for high-fashion firms took care of most of the projects from start to end. As the firm expands she realizes that the work needs to be delegated so that it may not be totally dependent kind of a situation. There are two thoughts in this case, one is top executives need to stay close to the core of the business and another is outsourcing and delegating as much as you can so that executives can focus their attention towards most important decision making and control aspects. Facts: 1) Samantha kept a tight rein on her business. 2) A hairstyling chain wants a new marketing and promotion strategy. 3) Should Samantha delegate or handle as usual? 4) As the firm is growing she would not be capable of handling many aspects. Analyzing: Delegation in general means giving responsibilities to co-workers. Samantha’s firm grew to extent where she has to delegate certain actions to her employees. The delegation should be appropriate for the success. The employee to whom the responsibility is given should be motivated. There is indeed a risk if the employee is not capable. It is important that Samantha herself identifies the importance and criticality of the project. If the project is important than she should take responsibility. Moreover Samantha should be aware of her capability. She can involve the employees in the delegation process so...
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...Organizing is one of four core functions of management; the most important skill of organizing is delegating work. This case study describes a basic, typical situation that might happen in managing process: “How to deal with heavy workload in case of workforce scarcity” (“How to maximize the effectiveness of teamwork”) The main character of this case is Faisal Sham; he is the supervisor of a seven project engineer group. Since the demand for different versions of his firm’s computer component is rising, the workload has increase dramatically and Faisal still in charge of everything; things might go out of control anytime. On the other hand, two members of his team have shown their interest in helping Faisal with his work on various designs. The solution for this case requires Task delegation process and Team structure. Assuming that the two enthusiastic members are Michael and Ben and they are qualified with the Faisal’s standard, there are two important positions for them: Product main designer and Head of R&D group. The first step of Delegation is Assign responsibility. Since Ben has better has experience in conducting customer research, he should be assigned for Head of R&D. There will be one co-worker in this group to support Ben in making survey and sum-up the result, which is expected to show customer’s taste for computer component. Michael will in charge of Main designer due to his professional skill. Two chosen engineers will assist him in order to build up the...
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...JFT2 Task 1 A. Create an analysis document (suggested length of 3–5 pages) in which you do the following: 1. Illustrate how Bill Bailey, chairman of the board of the Utah Opera Organization, might use one theory of motivation to oppose or support the merger. It is understood that the merger of the Utah Opera and the Utah Symphony has several positive factors. However, Bill Bailey, chairman of the board of the Utah Opera, strongly opposes the merger. It is up to him to convince the remaining board members to vote in opposition as well. Mr. Bailey can use the Adam’s Equity Theory to accomplish this. The Adam’s Equity Theory, as a process theory of motivation, explains how an individual’s motivation to behave in a certain way is fueled by feelings of inequity or a lack of justice (Kreitner & Kinicki, 2010). This is especially true for give and take relationships, which Mr. Bailey feels is the situation at hand. There are two main components of any relationship, inputs and outcomes. The Utah Opera is financially stable and because they do not employ full-time musicians, can alter their schedule when necessary fund raising has not been accomplished. The Utah Symphony, on the other hand, has a large staff of contracted employees who are paid full salary for the entire year. The Opera owns their property while the Symphony’s theater is owned by the county. By looking at past financial statements, it is apparent that the Opera historically operates at a much greater surplus of funds than...
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...leadership styles would affect group communication at Cisco. The Visionary Leader style is best when a new direction and a very strong impact on the climate is needed moves people towards a common vision, telling them where to go but not how to get there - motivating them to struggle forwards. They openly share information, hence giving knowledge power to others. The styles is crucial to Cisco especially in the research and Development department, where employees can use their creativity to improvise and develop new ideas for company growth. The Coaching Leader connects individual wants to organizational goals, used when individuals need to build long-term capabilities and positive impacts on the climate. They are good at delegating challenging assignments, demonstrating faith that demands justification, holding long conversations that reach beyond the workplace, helping people find strengths and weaknesses and tying these to career aspirations and actions which leads to high levels of loyalty. The coaching Leader helps Cisco evolve entry-level employees into the much bigger Cisco culture The Affiliative Leader creates people connections and thus harmony within the organization. It is a very collaborative style that focuses on emotional needs, healing rifts and getting through stressful work situations. The Democratic...
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...reduce it is centralisation." According to Louis Allen, "decentralisation refers to the systematic effort to delegate to the lowest levels all authority except that which can only be exercised at central point." This definition makes it clear that even in decentralisation, delegation to the lowest levels is not complete as the basic functions in the management process are centralized. level of standardization—both within and across markets—the greater the possible level of global efficiency Globalization 3.0, major software advances have allowed an unprecedented number of people worldwide to work together with unlimited potential. Advantages / Importance of Decentralization 1. Decentralisation helps to improve the quality of decisions/decision-making at the top level management : Decentralisation of authority among other executives at all levels in the Organisation relieves the top executive of the excessive burden saving his valuable time, which he can devote to more important and long-term problems. This is bound to improve the quality of his decisions regarding such problems. 2. Decentralisation facilitates diversification of activities : It is a matter of common experience that an Organisation with departmentation on the basis of products facilitates diversification of products or market even when the authority is centralized. Decentralisation takes this process a step further. Managers of semi-autonomous product divisions are able to utilise their skills...
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...either everyday or random tasks of service delivery. This could be due to various reasons, such as; lack of communication, misunderstanding the chain of command, individuals or groups being appointed to complete such tasks that have insufficient knowledge and/or authority required for the fulfilment of such tasks etc. etc. Such shortfalls on tasks as vitally important to a country as service delivery can cripple Government infrastructure and create political unrest amongst unsatisfied citizens. When we are referring to ramifications of this extent, it is imperative that governments / organisations implement safety measures that cover and maintain the correct execution of service delivery. Project management is a clear and concise method that can be implemented simply and cost effectively, and integrate simply into existing infrastructure. Basically what Project Management boils down to, is a simplified process of getting the right person, with the required authority and capability to manage a need, and ensure the fulfilment of said need. So instead of having various groups, reporting to various authorities, with regards to multiple tasks, you have one group of individuals, who have the relevant authority to delegate specific tasks. Service Delivery of Basic Education Curriculum Reform In a nutshell, service delivery of Curriculum Reform is referring to Governments responsibility to provide basic education that matches up with certain international standards...
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...Child’s Power and Authority Children and the Natural World Story Books and Telling Contrast: Childhood and Social Class Compare and Contrast: Matilda to the Prisoner of Azkaban Roald Dahl’s novel, “Matilda” tells the story of a young girl in oppression by her parents who show no interest in their daughter and is mean for sport. It is a story of triumph in which her intelligence and magical abilities taught her the ins-and-outs of life. But more importantly, it taught Matilda how to take care of herself. Similarly, J.K. Rowling’s novel, “Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban” also addresses the oppression of the magical Harry Potter by his aunt and uncle and the various death threats on his life. I argue that if Harry and Matilda had not been oppressed, they would not have become the characters at the end of the novels. Matilda’s oppression started at birth. Upon her birth, Mr. and Mrs. Wormwood showed no interest in her. She was viewed as a “scab” because it’s something you have to wait for until it can be snatched off and thrown away (Dahl 1). Based on their actions and attitude towards their daughter, her parents could wait to remove this scab. The narrator describes Matilda’s parents “half-witted” because they were unaware of the extraordinary ability their daughter. They were also unaware that at a very young age, Matilda knew how her parents felt about her (Dahl 1). Strangely, even with their dislike, the Wormwoods assumed their daughter was normal. Harry is a...
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...Organizational Behavior Analysis Timothy Carter BUS 610 Dr. Carl Proehl August 5, 2013 Organizational Behavior Analysis Organizations rely heavily on human resource to maintain their competitive advantage. A strong organizational culture motivates employees to help achieve organizational goals. Productivity increases and positive atmosphere prevails in an organization when attitudes and behaviors are in conformity with the organizational culture (Baack, 2013). This paper will examine the action of individuals and groups within an organization. The organization that will be examined is a small school located in rural Guyana, South America. As the story goes, the school was established by the Anglican Church many years ago, and its principal, May. I. Ogle, a staunch Christian, actually had a physical input in the construction of the building. She set very high standards in the disciplines prescribed in the curriculum. The school was populated by less than 200 students and nine teachers. About eighty to eighty five percent of the teachers were former students who grew up in the small farming community which the school served. A young teacher joined the staff. For convenience, James will be used to refer to that teacher. James was assigned to Grade 3. The teacher in charge of that class was a senior teacher who had been in the profession for over fifteen years. Over a period of several months, James was taught a number of important skills. These skills...
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...attending the sessions. because most of them had this notion that they have to pay for this tuition classes and they did not see any reason why they should send their wards to these session when they are already sending them schools. But we explained them that despite they are attending classes, these students must have some doubts, issues regarding their academics so that we can guide them. I would like to recall the college incident again when I was serving as the Joint-Treasurer of the Cultural Society of the college. The Cultural Society had the responsibility of organising the Annual Cultural Festival of the college. We generally used to get a part of fund from the college authority. But due to some in disciplinary actions happened during our event previous year; the college authority had refused to provide the funds. Since the event was Annual Cultural Festival, we could not think of going ahead it without having...
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...LET 1 Task 3 Thomas Pepper 195297 Introduction: Corporation A was founded in 1989 and focuses on creating marketing programs for the real estate industry. The corporate mission of Corporation A is to help clients improve their real estate sales. The Corporation A team is comprised of professionals with varied backgrounds and experience levels. The company prides itself on fostering a team environment throughout the organization. Given: Employee 1 has worked in the marketing department at Corporation A for 12 years. In the marketing department, employees who earn a superior rating on their yearly performance evaluation receive a large bonus at the end of the year. Employee 1 often comes into the office on weekends or stays late to ensure the work is complete and accurate. The marketing manager encourages employees to work beyond the requisite 40 hours a week by reminding them of the yearly bonus for receiving a superior rating on their next evaluation. Employee 1 is planning to use the bonus for a well-deserved vacation that would be unaffordable without the bonus. Employee 2 is the only certified public accountant (CPA) in the accounting department at Corporation A. Employee 2 has negotiated with the accounting manager to work a four-day work week and is the only person in that department allowed to work a compressed work week. The accounting manager agreed to the shortened work week because Employee 2 is the only employee who can prepare the company’s financial...
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...To sum up: politically speaking, it is insufficient to say that power and violence are not the same. Power and violence are opposites; where the one rules absolutely, the other is absent. Violence appears where power is in jeopardy, but left to its own course it ends in power’s disappearance. This implies that it is not correct to think of the opposite of violence as nonviolence; to speak of nonviolent power is actually redundant. Violence can destroy power; it is utterly incapable of creating it (Arendt, 56). All too often a distinction between words such as power, strength, force, authority, and violence are not drawn. These words are rarely defined to their natural state and are commonly mistakenly used as synonyms for one another. Hannah Arendt a German political theorist finds this all too common misconception a major concern, and makes an effort to clearly distinguish between each in her work On Violence. “ Yet it is fair to presume that they refer to different properties, and their meaning should therefore be carefully assessed and examined… The correct use of these words is a question not only of logical grammar, but of historical perspective.” “To use them as synonyms not only indicates a certain deafness to linguistic meanings, which would be serious enough, but it also resulted in a kind of blindness to the realities they correspond to.”(42) The quotation at the top of the page is an excerpt from Arendt’s novel that explains the distinctions between violence and...
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...POWER AND INFLUENCEThe course examines the bases of power in organizations and the ways in which power can be built and used effectively. It also explores the positive and negative effects that power-oriented behavior can have on organizations. The ethics of power will be a recurrent concern throughout the course. Class sessions will be devoted to discussing “case” materials in light of theoretical arguments advanced in “readings.” Case materials include standard Harvard Business School cases, book chapters about individuals (Robert Moses and Henry Kissinger), corporations (e.g., Lehman Brothers and Time Warner), and industries (e.g., the auto industry), and in-class videos (e.g., a “Bill Moyer’s Journal” segment on David Rockefeller). COURSE REQUIREMENTS Final course grades will be based on student performance on three written assignments and on student participation in class discussions. Written Assignments. Each student will be expected to submit two individual case analyses that indicate what the student learned from reading and discussing the case in question. The case analyses should be one single spaced typewritten page long and should be submitted the week after the case that they address is discussed in class. Individual case analyses will be graded on a scale from 1-3 and together will comprise 10% of a student’s final grade. Each student should also form a group with three to four other students to complete a case study of a real organization. The...
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...Organization conflict resolution Lecture 6 Date: 2 December 2013 1 Learning Objectives 1. 2. 3. 4. Understand the nature and sources of organizational conflict Know the mechanisms to obtain power, influence decision making and resolve conflict Identify sources of organizational power and tactics for playing politics Evaluate the costs and benefits of organizational politics 2 What is Organizational Conflict? • • • • Stakeholders compete for the resources that an organization produces. Shareholders want dividends, employees want raises. An organization must manage both cooperation and competition among stakeholders to grow and survive. All stakeholders have a common goal of organizational survival, but not all goals are identical. 3 What is Organizational Conflict? • The clash that occurs when the goaldirected behavior of one group blocks or hinders the goals of another Some conflict can actually improve organizational effectiveness – Can overcome inertia and lead to learning and change • 4 Cooperation and Competition Among Stakeholders 5 What is Organizational Conflict? • Beyond a certain point, conflict becomes a cause for organizational decline – Conflict leads to inability to reach consensus and indecision – Too much time spent on bargaining rather than acting rapidly to resolve problems • On balance, organizations should be open to conflict and recognize its value 6 Relationship Between Conflict and Organizational Effectiveness ...
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...Definitional activity (covering Power, Authority, and Legitimacy) There is no universally accepted view of power. Some authors have defined power as domination over others (Hobbes, 1651) while others defined it as a passage to achieve goals (Parsons, 1963). Some look to where power lies to define power from where power lies in the hands of many, this can be seen as Pluralism (Dahl, 1957) to where power lies in the hands of a few, this can be seen as Elitism (Pareto, 1935) but essentially it is the ability to do something For example, in the UK system, there are many accounts of both Elitism and Pluralism but realistically, we live in an Elitist state. The definition of authority is based on the power or right to act in a particular way and to influence others. To excise authority, consent is needed. Some may argue that there are three types of authority: charismatic authority, traditional authority and rational-legal authority (Weber, 1958). It can be argued that authority is used to excise social control (McLaughlin, 2008) and even that we, as humans, need authority in order to live (Seligman, 2003). An example of authority in the UK system could be the Prime Minister, as he has the power to “give orders, make decisions, and enforce obedience” (Collins English Dictionary, 2009). The definition of legitimacy has many forms and shapes but some may argue that it derives from something that is right and proper. “Legitimacy has both a normative and a sociological meaning” (Keohane...
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