...A TERM PAPER ON UNDERSTANDING DEMOGRAPHIC TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS IN AFRICA BY MADUEJEGBU ESTHER NNEKA MATRIC NUMBER 129086035 COURSE CODE –SOC 807 TITLE- SOCIOLOGY OF DEVELOPMENT LECTURER: PROF. ADEDOKUN Understanding Demographic Trends Demographic trends reveal developments and changes in human population. More specifically, demographic trends relate to changes in a population’s age, gender, geographical location, marital status, educational attainment, employment status, household income, race, religion, and health. Africa is the second-largest and second most populous continent on earth with an estimated population in 2013 of 1.033 billion people. Africa is home to 54 recognized sovereign states and countries, 9 territories and 2 de facto independent states with very little recognition. Africa's population is not too large in relation to land area, but to reproducible capital, research and educational facilities, the entrepreneurial class, leadership and the available channels of economic diffusion. The UN PopulationFund stated in 2009 that thepopulationof Africa had hit the one billion mark and hadthereforedoubled in size over the course of 27 years. It's now estimated that Africa has a population of 1.033 billion people in 2013. The Population Fund’s Director Thoraya Obeid spoke to the BBC at the time and underlined the reasons behind the growing population. "Africa countries are all growing fast... because there is large number of women who have no access to planning...
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...South Africa Strayer University SOC 300: Sociology of Developing Countries Professor T. Taylor August 31, 2015 South Africa South Africa is located at the southern tip of Africa. It is made up of a unique demographic, and is approximately twice the size of Texas (Cia.gov, 2015). The death rate in South Africa is the highest of any country (Cia.gov, 2015). AIDS is very prevalent, with South Africa having the fourth highest rate of any country in the world (Cia.gov, 2015). Economic growth is slow, and unemployment is around 25% (Cia.gov, 2015). While the economy of South Africa is experiencing slow growth, they still use the benefits of funding from banking institutions. It is important to understand whether funding from these banking institutions, as well as the general health of the population, affects the economy and politics of the country of South Africa. The World Bank and IMF have the potential to positively impact the economy in South Africa. According to Olawale and Garwe (2010), it is essential that more small and medium enterprises (SME’s) are started in South Africa. They posit this idea due to the high unemployment rate plaguing South Africa. While the World Bank is in full support of more SME’s being opened in South Africa, South Africans fear corruption will prevent them from beginning new SME’s. On the other hand, one could draw the conclusion that loans from the World Bank and IMF are allowing the corrupt South African government to continue thriving...
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...they so important? 2 3 Why do Hedge Funds invest in Emerging Markets 6 4 DWS Invest Global EM Equities LC 8 4.1 Inside the DWS Invest Global EM Equities LC fund 8 4.2 Performance of the fund 10 5 Hedge Funds Performance in EM scientific paper review 11 6 Hedge Funds Strategies in EM and Africa 12 6.1 Investment strategies in more developed EM. 16 6.2 Hedge Fund Strategies within Africa and Sub Saharan Africa 19 7 Risk exposures in emerging markets 23 8 Conclusion 25 References 26 Tables Table 1: Hedge Fund Strategies 1 Figures Figure 1: Emerging Markets vs. Developed Markets 2 Figure 2: Emerging Markets vs. Developed Markets GDP growth in percentage 3 Figure 3: Development of the working-age population 3 Figure 4: EM vs. US: Consumption levels 4 Figure 5: EM dept. has exceeded EM 5 Figure 6: MSCI World vs. MSCI Emerging Markets 6 Figure 7: CS Hedge Fund Index vs CS EM Hedge Fund Index 7 Figure 8: Country distribution 8 Figure 9: Industry Sectors 9 Figure 10: Equity Share Distribution 9 Figure 11: Perfomanc of the fund 10 Figure 12: EM performance 13 Figure 13: Performance of EM 14 Figure 14: Hedge Fund Strategies in Africa 17 Figure 15: Hedge Fund Strategies in Asian-pacific region 17 Figure 16: Brazil Asset Class Performance 19 Figure 17: Russia and Eastern Europe Focused Hedge Funds 19 Figure 18: African Market Sources 21 Abbreviations FX | Foreign Exchange | GDP | Gross domestic product | MACD | Moving...
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...Bargaining with Patriarchy Deniz Kandiyoti Gender and Society, Vol. 2, No. 3, Special Issue to Honor Jessie Bernard. (Sep., 1988), pp. 274-290. Stable URL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0891-2432%28198809%292%3A3%3C274%3ABWP%3E2.0.CO%3B2-W Gender and Society is currently published by Sage Publications, Inc.. Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/about/terms.html. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at http://www.jstor.org/journals/sage.html. Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. JSTOR is an independent not-for-profit organization dedicated to and preserving a digital archive of scholarly journals. For more information regarding JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. http://www.jstor.org Fri Jun 15 11:56:33 2007 BARGAINING W I T H PATRIARCHY DENIZ K A N D I Y O T I Richmond College, United Kingdom T h i s article argues that systematic comparative analyses of women's strategies and coping mechanisms lead to a...
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...UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI INSTITUTE OF DIPLOMACY AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES Implications of Global International Monetary Policy Decision on Economic Systems in East Africa: A Case Study of Kenya NAME: LILLIAN WACHIRA REG NO: R50/63875/2010 Supervisor: Dr. Gerrishon Ikiara A Research Proposal submitted in partial fulfillment of the Degree of Masters of Arts in International Studies (MA IS) DECLARATION I declare that this research proposal is my original work and has not been presented for a degree in any other university. NAME: LILLIAN WACHIRA REG. NO: R50/63875/2010 Sign: ………………………………… Date: ……………………… This research proposal has been submitted for examination with my approval as university supervisor SUPERVISOR: Sign: ……………………………… Date: …………………………. DEDICATION I dedicate my project to my lovely mother Beatrice, my brothers Edwin and Eric whose prayers words of encouragement and push for tenacity ring in my ears. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor Dr. Gerrsihon Ikiara for the continuous support and guidance while carrying out my project, for his patience, motivation and immense knowledge. I would also like to thank the participants in my survey, who have willingly shared their precious time during the process of interviewing. I...
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...from the National Institute on Aging, Grant No. 1 P30 AG024409-06. 1 Population Dynamics in India and Implications for Economic Growth1 David E. Bloom Harvard School of Public Health January 2011 Keywords: Age structure China-India comparison Conditional convergence Demographic dividend Demographic transition Economic growth Economic growth in India Policy reform Population health Population of India Abstract Demographic change in India is opening up new economic opportunities. As in many countries, declining infant and child mortality helped to spark lower fertility, effectively resulting in a temporary baby boom. As this cohort moves into working ages, India finds itself with a potentially higher share of workers as compared with dependents. If working-age people can be productively employed, India’s economic growth stands to accelerate. Theoretical and empirical literature on the effect of demographics on labor supply, savings, and economic growth underpins this effort to understand and forecast economic growth in India. Policy choices can potentiate India’s realization of economic benefits stemming from demographic change. Failure to take advantage of the opportunities inherent in demographic change can lead to economic stagnation. 1 This chapter has been prepared for The Handbook of the Indian Economy (Chetan Ghate, Ed., Oxford University Press, forthcoming 2011). An earlier version of this chapter was presented at...
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...Global Employment Trends 2012 Preventing a deeper jobs crisis INTERNATIONAL LABOUR OFFICE • GENEVA Copyright © International Labour Organization 2012 First published 2012 Publications of the International Labour Office enjoy copyright under Protocol 2 of the Universal Copyright Convention. Nevertheless, short excerpts from them may be reproduced without authorization, on condition that the source is indicated. For rights of reproduction or translation, application should be made to ILO Publications (Rights and Permissions), International Labour Office, CH-1211 Geneva 22, Switzerland, or by email: pubdroit@ilo.org. The International Labour Office welcomes such applications. Libraries, institutions and other users registered with reproduction rights organizations may make copies in accordance with the licences issued to them for this purpose. Visit www.ifrro.org to find the reproduction rights organization in your country. Global Employment Trends 2012 / International Labour Office – Geneva: ILO, 2012 1 v. ISBN 978-92-2-124924-5 (print) ISBN 978-92-2-124925-2 (web pdf) International Labour Office employment / unemployment / labour force participation / economic recession / developed countries / developing countries 13.01.3 Also available in French, Tendances mondiales de l’emploi 2012 (978-92-2-224924-4), Geneva, 2012, and Spanish, Tendencias Mundiales del Empleo 2012 (978-92-2-324924-3), Geneva, 2012. ILO Cataloguing in Publication Data The designations employed...
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...CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Transforming gender relations in Ghana agenda will remain so for some time to come. In spite of decades of gender equity activism and public efforts which had been undertaken in the last three decades within the ambit of electoral policies, the transformation process was stalled with many challenges. In the gender equality intervention, especially following the Beijing declaration of 1995, the agenda has been pursued in some societies as if it is only women’s business. Initially, some gender equality activities were undertaken as if it was a battle between women and men. In certain instances some men thought that promotion of gender equality or women’s empowerment was an attempt to take their power from then and give to women such misconceptions have made gender equality measure for empowerment of women face some resistance from both males and some females who believe that governance of society and women must be under the control of men. A critical explanation of gender will, however, reveal that the gender strategy rather recognizes the relationship between males and females and for that matter the need to support each other to attain their maximum best in society, efforts have, therefore, been recently intensified at the international level to promote the involvement of males for attainment of gender equality. The question then is how do we harness the male support for the promotion of gender equality? It is within this context that this term...
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...which places drought management at the center of a development process. Climate change impacts in future are very uncertain. Policies and interventions should therefore aim to build on the platform of past achievements and existing local knowledge to enable flexibility and diversity and the protection of assets of small-scale farmers and herders . 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. WIREs Clim Change 2010 1 134–143 ‘Africa is the most vulnerable region to climate change, due to the extreme poverty of many Africans, frequent natural disasters such as droughts and floods, and agricultural systems heavily dependent on rainfall’.1 ‘the continent’s low adaptive capacity serves as a major constraint to her ability to adapt’ (Ref 2. p. 6). ‘It is uncertain how rainfall in the Sahel, the Guinean coast and the southern Sahara will evolve in this century’ (Ref 3, p. 866). here is good reason to examine the adaptive capacities of societies who have lived for long with unpredictable environmental change.4 This article is about experience in the Sahel drylands of sub-Saharan Africa during the past 50 years.a ‘Ecosystem responses to past rainfall variability in the Sahel are potentially useful as an analogue of future climate change...
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...Sustainable Development and Planetary Boundaries BACKGROUND RESEARCH PAPER Johan Rockström and Jeffrey D. Sachs with Marcus C. Öhman and Guido Schmidt-Traub Submitted to the High Level Panel on the Post-2015 Development Agenda This paper reflects the views of the author and does not represent the views of the Panel. It is provided as background research for the HLP Report, one of many inputs to the process. May 2013 Draft for Discussion Sustainable Development and Planetary Boundaries Draft for Discussion Background paper for the High-Level Panel of Eminent Persons on the Post-2015 Development Agenda Prepared by the co-chairs of the Sustainable Development Solutions Network Thematic Group on Macroeconomics, Population Dynamics, and Planetary Boundaries: Johan Rockström Executive Director, Stockholm Resilience Centre Professor of Environmental Science, Stockholm University Jeffrey D. Sachs Director, The Earth Institute, Columbia University Director, The Sustainable Development Solutions Network Special Advisor to Secretary-General Ban Ki-Moon on the Millennium Development Goals with Marcus C. Öhman Associate Professor and Senior Researcher in Ecology and Environmental Science, Stockholm Resilience Centre Guido Schmidt-Traub Executive Director, The Sustainable Development Solutions Network 15 March 2013 1 Draft for Discussion The world faces a serious challenge, indeed one that is unique to our age. Developing countries rightly...
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...AP World History Survival Guide Name ________________________________ Teacher __________________________ Block _________________ Table of Contents | Pages | AP World History Overview | 3 – 7 | The AP Exam | 3 | World Regions | 4 – 5 | Five Course Themes | 6 | Four Historical Thinking Skills | 7 | Essays Overview | 8 - 15 | Document-based Question (DBQ) | 8 – 12 | Change and Continuity over Time (CCOT) | 13 – 15 | Comparative Essay | 16 – 18 | Released Free Response Questions | 19 – 20 | AP Curriculum Framework | 21 – 38 | Period 1 (Up to 600 B.C.E.)—5% | 21 – 22 | Period 2 (600 B.C.E. to 600 C.E.)—15% | 23 – 25 | Period 3 (600 to 1450)—20% | 26 – 28 | Period 4 (1450 to 1750)—20% | 29 – 31 | Period 5 (1750 to 1900)—20% | 32 – 35 | Period 6 (1900 to the present)—20% | 36 – 38 | Help with Some Confusing Subjects | 39 – 43 | Chinese Dynasties | 39 | Political, Economic, and Social Systems | 40 | Religions | 41 | Primary Sources | 42 | “Must Know” Years | 43 | * Many of the guidelines in this study packet are adapted from the AP World History Course Description, developed by College Board. The AP Exam Purchasing and taking the AP World History exam are requirements of the course. This year, the AP World History exam will be administered on: ___________________________________________ Format I. Multiple...
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...AP World History Survival Guide Name ________________________________ Teacher __________________________ Block _________________ Table of Contents | Pages | AP World History Overview | 3 – 7 | The AP Exam | 3 | World Regions | 4 – 5 | Five Course Themes | 6 | Four Historical Thinking Skills | 7 | Essays Overview | 8 - 15 | Document-based Question (DBQ) | 8 – 12 | Change and Continuity over Time (CCOT) | 13 – 15 | Comparative Essay | 16 – 18 | Released Free Response Questions | 19 – 20 | AP Curriculum Framework | 21 – 38 | Period 1 (Up to 600 B.C.E.)—5% | 21 – 22 | Period 2 (600 B.C.E. to 600 C.E.)—15% | 23 – 25 | Period 3 (600 to 1450)—20% | 26 – 28 | Period 4 (1450 to 1750)—20% | 29 – 31 | Period 5 (1750 to 1900)—20% | 32 – 35 | Period 6 (1900 to the present)—20% | 36 – 38 | Help with Some Confusing Subjects | 39 – 43 | Chinese Dynasties | 39 | Political, Economic, and Social Systems | 40 | Religions | 41 | Primary Sources | 42 | “Must Know” Years | 43 | * Many of the guidelines in this study packet are adapted from the AP World History Course Description, developed by College Board. The AP Exam Purchasing and taking the AP World History exam are requirements of the course. This year, the AP World History exam will be administered on: ___________________________________________ Format I. Multiple...
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...Latin America---------------------------------------------------------------------------23 The Caribbean--------------------------------------------------------------------------27 Sub-Saharan Africa-------------------------------------------------------------------31 Southwest Asia and North Africa------------------------------------------------32 Europe------------------------------------------------------------------------------------34 The Russian Domain-----------------------------------------------------------------39 Central Asia-----------------------------------------------------------------------------42 East Asia---------------------------------------------------------------------------------45 South Asia-------------------------------------------------------------------------------47 Southeast Asia-------------------------------------------------------------------------50 Australia and Oceania---------------------------------------------------------------57 Conclusion------------------------------------------------------------------------------60 Bibliography----------------------------------------------------------------------------61 Introduction Diversity Amid Globalization Project is organized to describe and explain the major world regions of Asia, Europe, Africa, the Americas, and so on. The content is of world regional geography that explicitly recognizes the geographic changes accompanying globalization. With this focus we join the many who...
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...Population and Environment Theodore Panayotou CID Working Paper No. 54 July 2000 Environment and Development Paper No.2 Copyright 2000 Theodore Panayotou and the President and Fellows of Harvard College Working Papers Center for International Development at Harvard University Population and Environment Theodore Panayotou Abstract The past fifty years have witnessed two simultaneous and accelerating trends: an explosive growth in population and a steep increase in resource depletion and environmental degradation. These trends have fueled the debate on the link between population and environment that began 150 years earlier, when Malthus voiced his concern about the ability of the earth and its finite resources to feed an exponentially growing population. The purpose of this study is to review the literature on population and environment and to identify the main strands of thought and the assumptions that lie behind them. The author begins with a review of the historical perspective. He then reviews and assesses the evidence on the relationship between population and environment, focusing on selected natural and environmental resources: land use, water use, local pollution, deforestation and climate change. The author also reviews selected recent macro and micro perspectives. The new macro perspective introduces the environment-income relationship and examines the role of population growth and density in mediating this relationship. The new micro perspective introduces the...
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...Population and Environment Theodore Panayotou CID Working Paper No. 54 July 2000 Environment and Development Paper No.2 Copyright 2000 Theodore Panayotou and the President and Fellows of Harvard College Working Papers Center for International Development at Harvard University Population and Environment Theodore Panayotou Abstract The past fifty years have witnessed two simultaneous and accelerating trends: an explosive growth in population and a steep increase in resource depletion and environmental degradation. These trends have fueled the debate on the link between population and environment that began 150 years earlier, when Malthus voiced his concern about the ability of the earth and its finite resources to feed an exponentially growing population. The purpose of this study is to review the literature on population and environment and to identify the main strands of thought and the assumptions that lie behind them. The author begins with a review of the historical perspective. He then reviews and assesses the evidence on the relationship between population and environment, focusing on selected natural and environmental resources: land use, water use, local pollution, deforestation and climate change. The author also reviews selected recent macro and micro perspectives. The new macro perspective introduces the environment-income relationship and examines the role of population growth and density in mediating this relationship. The new micro perspective introduces...
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