...EXPERIMENTAL METHODOLOGY & TECHNICAL WRITING Report/Worksheet/Writing Task: Lab number 2 Full Report: Partial Report: X Lab section: J NAMES: Shameek Agarwal, Date Turned In: 2/4/2012 , , Date Returned by TA: ____________________ Grader: _____________ The effort / participation in this laboratory and lab report is divided as follows: Name: Shameek Agarwal, primarily responsible for sections: Name: Name: Name: , primarily responsible for sections: , primarily responsible for sections: , primarily responsible for sections: By submitting this lab report electronically, I/we are agreeing to the following honor pledge, which is consistent with the rules described in the laboratory manual, the syllabus and in class: On my honor, I / we pledge that I / we have neither given nor received inappropriate aide in the preparation of this lab report. The only laboratory reports from prior semesters that I / we have viewed, reviewed, or used in any way were provided by the laboratory TAs during office hours. I / we have reviewed the consequences of using prior laboratory reports in the laboratory manual. GRADE: / Grader Initials: ________ COMMENTS (grader / students) ME 3057 Score Tally for Reports: Abstract: ____________ / Introduction and Procedure: ____________/ Experimental Results: Discussion: Conclusions: Display Format: ____________ / ____________ / ____________ / ____________ / ME3057, Spring 2012 Abstract The objective of this lab was to illustrate the concepts while...
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...Name______________________________________________ IB Guide to Writing Lab Reports Standard and Higher Level Chemistry 2010-2011 Table of Contents page 1 Explanations, Clarifications, and Handy Hints page 2 - 13 IB Laboratory Evaluation Rubric page 14 - 15 Formal Lab Report Format page 16 Error Analysis Types of Experimental Errors page 17 Error Analysis: Some Key Ideas page 18 Precision and Accuracy in Measurements A Tale of Four Cylinders Assessment of Errors and Uncertainties in IB Lab Reports Explaining Terms and Concepts in Error Analysis page 19 - 20 page 21 Mathematics of Evaluating Accuracy and Precision page 26 - 27 Rejection of Data page 28 More Examples of Propagating Error page 29 - 31 page 22 - 25 Typical Instrumental Uncertainties page 32 Checklist for Writing IB Lab Reports page 33 - 34 Please read carefully and keep this handy reference for future use in writing exemplary lab reports. Page 1 IB Guide to Writing Laboratory Reports Explanations, Clarifications, and Handy Hints The nature of science is to investigate the world around you. An inquiring mind is essential to science. Experiments are designed by curious minds to gain insight into wonder-producing phenomena. Hopefully, this process of designing experiments, doing experiments, thinking about experimental results, and writing lab reports will tremendously benefit YOU! IB Chemistry is the challenge you have chosen...
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...understanding of the two types of errors that occur in the processes of taking measurements. Also, it explains how the uncertainty level in direct measurements was found, and how the indirect measurements were calculated as well. To do that, dimensions and the mass of the metal block was measured, which were used to calculate the volume and density of the object as well as the margin of error. Theory In this lab, there were direct and indirection measurements involved, and several calculations were required in order to calculate the related variables. In part A of this lab, apparent and actual height of the wooden block was recorded with a meter stick. The meter stick has an accuracy of ±0.05 cm and no other calculations were needed. [1] Parallax is the change in the apparent position of an object when the position of the observed changes. It is also a common error in scientific experiments. One must be aware of its existence at all time so that it can be avoided and as a result the true value of the reading is obtained. Due to parallax, the position of the observed block appears to change as well, making the height of the block appear to be different for each measurement. In part B of this lab, measurements were recorded indirectly. A meter stick was used to measure the length of the metal block, with an accuracy of ±0.05 mm. Then the width and height was measured with a caliper with an accuracy of ±0.05 mm. These measurements were taken to calculate the volume...
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...University Physics I Lab Section: 81419 Lab Report Number: 1 Lab Title: Meaning of Measurement Name: Group Members: Date: 8/27/2014 PURPOSE: Learn the basics of measurement and statistical analysis in context of volume and density. EQUIPMENT: Three different geometric solids: 1 identified as white cylinder, 1 identified as brass-colored cylinder, 1 identified as silver-colored sphere. Meter stick (wooden, displaying measurements in cm) Analog scale (zero-ed prior to experiment) Manual caliper Digital caliper (zero-ed prior to each measurement) PRINCIPLE: This lab is intended to reinforce the importance of using proper techniques to attain precise measurements. It further demonstrates that reliability of results from different measuring devices. In this experiment, the most rudimentary measuring tool was the meter stick followed by the manual caliper and then the digital caliper. Measuring each object five times should reinforce the different interpretations of team members as well as the variance between the different tools used to measure the objects. In addition to measuring the length, width and height of each object, the mass was attained through the use of an analog scale. While a digital scale would have shown a more precise measurement, the analog scale was a more appropriate tool with the meter stick and manual caliper as the significant figures produced by each are more comparable. After measurements are taken, the volume...
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...Scott Kurashige Jon Grist Fr. 1:30 Lab Density Lab Report Section 1- Introduction The purpose of this lab was to design and perform an experiment which measures the density of two common household objects. The formula for Density = mass/volume. In this lab, density will be determined through two procedures using two objects. The mass of each object will be calculated by measuring it on a balance scale. The volume will be found by using a ruler and measuring it to use a formula for volume. To also find volume, we have to place the object in a graduated cylinder of water to measure the displacement of the water. Density information can be used to explain phenomenon’s like steel and cement ships that can float in water because of the concept of buoyancy. If the density of the ship is less than that of the water or less than the mass of the water it is in, the ship will be able to float even though it is made of steel or cement. Finally, the results obtained in the density lab will be used to determine if the object will float or sink in water. Section 2- Experimental To start off the experiment, we picked two objects and measured them with a ruler. Once we measured the length, width, and height of the objects, we could then find the volume. Once the volume was calculated, the objects were weighed on a balance and then using the formula mass/volume, we calculated the density of the two objects. We also had to find the volume by measuring water displacement. To do this, we...
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...and Secondary porosity: 5 4- Experimental Set-up and Procedure 5 4.1-Materials and equipment 5 4.2- Experimental set-up and procedure 5 5-Results and calculations 7 6-Discussion and conclusion 8 6.1- Discussion of the results 8 6.2- Conclusion 8 7- References 9 1-Abstract The aim of this report is to be familiar with the basic procedures of preparing rock samples and to measure the density of and porosity of rock samples. Firstly the rock size and mass was measured to determine the density and bulk volume using an electronic ruler and mass balance. Then using the helium porosimeter the grain volume of each core plug sample was measured. Each of these measurements were repeated three times and then averaged for precision sake. The porosity was then calculated by subtracting the grain volume from the bulk volume, to determine the pore volume, and then dividing by the bulk volume. The porosity results for all the samples were reasonable except for sample 1 and 6 for which the porosity is calculated to be in negative % and make no logic. These possible reasons for these inaccurate results are that the group made high errors in reading the measurements or did the experiment in a wrong method. 2-Introduction For the storage of oil and gas in any reservoir rock presence of porosity is vital. However, the degree of porosity in any rock depends upon various factors. But quality of reservoir rock, either good or poor, rests largely on porosity. Porosity...
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...Why do we keep a lab notebook? In the ‘real world’, you will be expected to record what you do and how you do it, with the data clearly identifiable. There are 2 reasons for this: • Any scientific experiment is only considered valid if it can be repeated by someone else using your notebook. • If you develop a new product or process, your notebook becomes a legal document that can be scrutinized in a court of law, especially in cases of patent infringement. In order to meet these requirements, certain conditions must be met: • Notebooks shall have bound pages, loose-leaf and spiral bound are not acceptable. • All pages must be numbered prior to use. This will show if any pages have been removed that contained data that might compromise interpretation of your conclusions. • All data shall be entered chronologically. Do not leave empty pages to insert information later. If you finish with a large expanse of blank page, put a line through it to show that it will not be used. • All notes are to be made in indelible pen – pencil will be penalized. If you make a mistake, just draw a single line through it, not a childish scribble to hide all traces! • All data will be recorded in your lab notebook at the moment it is generated. No notes shall be written on scraps of paper or memorized for later. Other notes about the lab notebook: All pre-lab and experimental work is hand-written in your lab notebook. Make...
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...MEASUREMENT OF LENGTH: VERNIER CALIPER AND MICROMETER CALIPER A. L. P. Libera, N. C. Lindog, A. D. T. Manlagnit, M. L. C. G. Marasigan, J. F. R. Marquez, J. M. M. Mendones College of Engineering, Adamson University Abstract THIS LABORATORY REPORT PRESENTS THE ACCURACY OF MEASUREMENTS USING THE CALIPER. THE MAIN OBJECTIVE OF THIS LABORATORY ACTIVITY WAS TO BE ABLE FOR THE STUDENTS TO FAMILIARIZE ON HOW TO USE THE CALIPERS AS INSTRUMENTS FOR MEASURING PURPOSES. ANOTHER PURPOSE OF THIS EXPERIMENT IS TO RETAIN OR MINIMIZE THE PERCENTAGE ERROR AND PERCENTAGE DIFFERENCE OF THE PREVIOUS ACTIVITY TO SHOW THAT INSTRUMENTS USED FOR MEASURING ARE MORE ACCURATE. 1. INTRODUCTION The goal of physics is to provide an understanding of nature. The science of physics was developed to explain our physical environment. In no subject does measurement play as important a role as in science. Real science cannot exist without measurement. Calculating accuracy reveals how close a set of measurements are to an accepted reference or true value. This differs from precision, which describes how close the measurements are to each other. Determining the accuracy of a measurement usually requires calibration of the analytical method with a known standard. Accuracy in measuring is knowing the smallest reading that can be accurately measured while using an instrument or a device. The two common instruments used in measuring that increase the accuracy are...
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...Laboratory Report Guidelines Ryerson University Department of Physics Writing a strong lab report is a skill that often takes significant practice. Strong reports are: • structured in a clear and organized fashion. • as concise as possible, and yet sufficiently detailed that it does not omit any of the information required to fully communicate your work and results. Ideally, a lab report leaves any reader confident in the validity of the results, and with enough information that they could repeat the experiment. The evaluation of your report will be based on your ability to understand the goal of the experiment, your understanding of the applicable physical principles, your ability to perform the experiment attentively, and your ability to clearly communicate its results in a logical and coherent fashion. Report contents: 1. Title Page 2. Objective...
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...Lab Report 1: Pipettes and Std Curve Ingrid Simons University of Texas at El Paso June 12, 2014 Introduction: Procedures that require very small volumes of DNA and reagents are performed with instruments such as, micropipettes and pipettes. These instruments are used when scientists need to accurately and precisely deliver small volumes of a liquid. Molecular biologists use very small volumes of liquid at times they are as small as 0.1 µL, in order to do these measurements the use micropipettes. The function of the micropipettes is to act as a plunger when the depressed by the thumb and by its release liquid is drawn into a disposable plastic tip. The liquid is released when the plunger is pressed again (The University of QueensLand). The tip is an important part of the micropipette, each tip is disposable and come in different sizes depending of the micropipette being used. There is three standard micropipettes, the P20 which measures 0.5-20μL, P200 that measures 20-200 μL, and P1000 that measures 100 μL to 1 mL. An important part of this laboratory was learning how to read the meniscus curve. A meniscus is a curve that is formed at the surface of a molecular substance, such as water, when it touches another material (USGS). Meniscus is caused by adhesion, a result of water’s high surface tension. The glass beaker attracts water molecules, and water molecules stay together, as a result many molecules gather to touch the glass. They will accumulate along the...
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...Pedram Ghassemi ABSTRACT Traveling in-core probes are used to calculate the axial flux of fuel assemblies in the Pulstar reactor. The neutron flux is measured as a function of height and distance traveled in the core. This report starts by stating the theory , hypothesis then calculate the results and perform analysis. it then will list the equipment used and the procedure followed when performing the experiment. the following section list the findings and graphs explaining how the results relate. the next section discusses the results and answer some questions. Finally the conclusion and references. INTRODUCTION AND THEORY Regular checks are performed to insure the safety of the reactor. Among these methods is in-core flux mapping. in-core flux mapping is done to verify calculations of core performance, making sure safety margins are being met. Such as linear power density and peak to average power ratios. Furthermore, is can assist in finding problems within the reactor such as power oscillations, and local hot spots to be rectified. Determining the neutron flux in a reactor can help determine parameters (power density) and help estimate fuel use. Increases overall efficiency of the reactor and its performance. The objective of this lab is to support our hypothesis that TIPs is an effective way to measure neutron flux in the reactor system. There are 3 peaks , the lower reflector peak, the peak in the middle of the flux profile and the upper reflector peak. the...
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...04/12/02 57:020 Mechanics of Fluids and Transfer Processes Laboratory Experiment #3 Measurement of Pressure Distribution and Lift for an Airfoil Purpose The objectives of the experiment are to examine the surface pressure distribution and to compute the lift force acting on the airfoil. Test Design A body immersed in a flowing fluid is exposed to both pressure and viscous forces. The sum of the forces that acts normal to the free-stream direction is the lift, and the sum that acts parallel to the free-stream direction is the drag. The geometric and dynamic characteristics of airfoils are shown in Figure 1. This experiment is concerned with computation of the lift on a stationary airfoil mounted in the test section of a wind tunnel. We will consider only two-dimensional airfoils where tip and root effects are neglected. Because the velocity of the flow over the top of the airfoil is greater than the free-stream velocity, the pressure over the top is negative. This follows directly from the application of Bernoulli’s equation. Similarly the velocity along the underside of the airfoil is less than the free-stream velocity and the pressure there is positive. Hence, both the negative pressure over the top and the positive pressure along the bottom contribute to the lift. There are a variety of ways to measure lift. In this experiment, the lift force, L, on the airfoil will be determined by integration of the measured pressure distribution over the airfoil’s...
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...CHEM 321 Experiment 1 Basics Review and Calibration of Volumetric Glassware There are three types of containers used in lab to contain or deliver liquids: volumetric, ordinary, and disposable glassware. Volumetric glassware are containers that have been calibrated at a specific temperature to deliver or contain VERY PRECISE amounts of liquid. Examples of volumetric glassware that we will use include burets, pipets, and volumetric flasks. Ordinary glassware has less precise volume calibrations and are used whenever the volumes do not have to be measured as accurately. Examples include beakers, Erlenmeyer flasks, and graduated cylinders. Disposable glassware (or plastic ware) is used to transfer or hold liquids temporarily and may not contain any volume markings. Examples include medicine droppers and disposable pipets. In this experiment you will be exposed to a variety of important concepts related to quantitative experimentation, including the proper use of glassware, analytical balances, and statistics. You will calibrate a volumetric pipet or flask, that is, you will experimentally determine what volume a pipet or flask really delivers. You will also calibrate a beaker or Erlenmeyer flask and a 50 mL buret. You will use these calibrated values throughout the remainder of the quarter. Construct a table at the front of your laboratory notebook to record calibration values or tape in the calibration tables from Chapter 2 of Harris’ 7th edition. How to read the level of liquid...
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... |2+1 |- |4 | | |C Programming and Data Structures |3+1 |- |6 | | |Network Analysis |2+1 |- |4 | | |Electronic Devices and Circuits |3+1 |- |6 | | |Engineering Drawing |- |3 |4 | | |Computer Programming Lab. |- |3 |4 | | |IT Workshop |- |3 |4 | | |Electronic Devices and Circuits Lab |- |3 |4 | | |English Language Communication Skills Lab. |- |3 |4 | | |Total |25 |15 |56 | EBOOKS FOR JNTU SUBJECTS : www.jntuworld.com JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD. B.TECH. ELECTRONICS AND...
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...UNIVERSITY OF AUCKLAND DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING ENCI790 RESEARCH PROPOSAL: “An evaluation and survey of methods available for converting biomass into fuels” Candidate: Surya Sappa Supervisors: Professor John Chen Doctor Robert Kirkpatrick ABSTRACT Biofuel technologies have become more and more prominent in addressing the need for a continuous supply of fuels. Biofuels are fuels that are produced through the biological process of converting biomass/biowaste into a fuel source to reduce the negative impacts faced by fossil fuels combustion (reduction in greenhouse gasses) and availability of supply. Biofuels can be derived from a wide variety of biomass, and are categorised into four generations: First generation biofuels are made from sugars, starches, oil, and animal fats that are converted into fuel using already-known processes or technologies. These fuels include biodiesel, bioalcohols, ethanol, and biogases, like methane captured from landfill decomposition. Second generation biofuels are made from non-food crops or agricultural waste, especially ligno-cellulosic biomass like switch-grass, willow, or wood chips. Third generation biofuels are made from algae or other quickly growing biomass sources. Fourth generation biofuels are made from specially engineered plants or biomass that may have higher energy yields or lower barriers to cellulosic breakdown or are able to be grown on non-agricultural land or bodies of water...
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