...ardsRunning Head: SAMPLE APA PAPER: PSYCHOTHERAPY AND THE DECEASED The running head is now used as the header and it is positioned flush left (APA, 2009, pp. 229-230) 1 A Sample APA Paper: The Efficacy of Psychotherapeutic Interventions with Profoundly Deceased Patients Jeff Aspelmeier Radford University Author note now goes on title page and not after footnotes at end of paper (APA, 2009, pp. 24-25). Author Note Many parts of this paper were unabashedly ripped off from course materials developed by Dr. John Rosenkoetter that were presented to me when I took research methods with John (we will not discuss how long ago that was). The absurdity of the content contained in the paper is entirely my fault, the underlying educational value is largely John’s. The fact that I have stolen from him is a tribute to the quality of his teaching. Thank you Dr. Rosenkoetter! SAMPLE APA PAPER: PSYCHOTHERAPY AND THE DECEASED 2 Level 1 headings are The words Running head: are excluded Centered and Bold (APA, Abstract from this point on (APA, 2009, pp. 41) 2009, p. 62) The Abstract is a one paragraph summary of the report. Write in block style; the first line is not indented. Depending on the journal there the word limit ranges from 150 to 250 words. Describe Abstract Word limit will depend on the problem under investigation in one sentence. Describe the participants’/subjects’ pertinent which journal you submit to (APA, 2009, p. 27) characteristics (number, type, age, sex, and for...
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...Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy Reaction Paper Denise Dugan California Baptist University Author Note This paper is being submitted to Dr. Kristen White in partial fulfillment for the requirements for MFT Counseling Techniques, PSY 525, on March 1, 2014. Abstract Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) is a group therapy approach that utilizes mindfulness techniques and cognitive therapy for depression relapse prevention. This paper will reflect the effectiveness of MBCT from a personal worldview. It will also discuss if MBCT can be utilized in different areas of psychological treatment including: marriage and family therapy, patients with anxiety, culturally diverse groups, and in working with religious patients. Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy Reaction Paper Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) is a group therapy treatment that integrates mindfulness and cognitive therapy practices to help individuals that suffer from recurrent depression in the prevention of depression relapse. Zindel Segal, John Teasdale, and Mark Williams developed MBCT, which was adapted from the mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) work of Jon Kabat-Zinn at the University of Massachusetts Medical Center for helping people with chronic physical illnesses (Sipe & Eisendrath, 2011). The core element of this treatment modality is mindfulness. MBCT teaches focus on the here and now and to be mindful of the thoughts that are taking place. Mindfulness...
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...psychological outcomes, including depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, posttraumatic stress disorder, learned helplessness, and resentment of the abuser that persists even when the abuse ends. There have not been designated therapies designed to help these women. Gayle L. Reed and Robert D. Enright (2006) examine the roles forgiveness therapy has on emotionally abused women in the article The Effects of Forgiveness Therapy on Depression, Anxiety, and Posttraumatic Stress for Women After Spousal Emotional Abuse. According to Reed and Enright (2006), forgiveness therapy is designed to help the client let go of the anger and resentment that stems from a justifiable wrongdoing. The researchers believe that forgiveness therapy will be beneficial to the women who were emotionally abused by their spouse because it targets the resentment the woman has for the abuser. These emotionally abused women often times experience learned helplessness and accusatory suffering. Learned helplessness often occurs when women develop self-blame in response to their abusive spouse’s criticism and ridicule. Whereas accusatory suffering is when the emotional abused spouse continues to feel like the victim and hold onto the resent. Because of the nature of emotional spousal abuse, forgiveness therapy can be very beneficial (Gayle & Enright, 2006). Gayle and Enright (2006) hypothesized that women who participate in forgiveness therapy will have lower levels of depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress...
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...Behavioral Therapy for Children with Autism: Review and Considerations for Future Research. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 34(9), 702-715. This article describes the techniques and results of cognitive behavioral therapy for children with autism. Cognitive behavioral therapy is commonly used for children with an autism spectrum disorder. The therapy addresses the child’s anxiety, disruptive behavior, and core autism symptoms. Evidence suggests that cognitive behavioral therapy is possibly efficacious for anxiety and autism symptoms. Garfinkel, M.D., P. E., Kline, M.D., S. A., & Stancer, Ph.D., M.D., H. C. (1973, December). Treatment of Anorexia Nervosa Using Operant Conditioning Techniques. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 157(6), 428-433. This article describes using operant conditioning techniques of female patients with anorexia nervosa. Each patient had a certain criteria that had to be met in order to be a part of the study. Patients were observed for a full week and goals were set for daily and weekly weight gain. Patients were rewarded with certain privileges if goals were met but if a goal was not met than no reward was given. Graham, M. A., Sauerheber, J. D., & Britzman, M. J. (2013, April) Choice Theory and Family Counseling A Pragmatic, Culturally Sensitive Approach. The Family Journal, 21(2), 230-234. Choice theory and reality therapy is used during counseling sessions but not used as much in family therapy. Choice theory...
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...Childhood Depression Abstract Empirical evidence shows that that depression disorder in children is a common condition that affects emotional, physical, and social development. Risk factors include parental conflict, a family history of depression, poor peer relationship, negative thinking, and deficit in coping skills. Treatment criteria of children and adults are the same, with the exception that children may display irritability rather than depressed or sad mood, and loss of weight may be seen as a failure gain appropriate weight milestones. Diagnosis and treatment should take into account developmental stage, suicidality, severity of depression, and social and environmental factors. The recommended therapies for mild depression include interpersonal therapy and cognitive behavior therapy and serve as appropriate adjuvant to medical treatments for those with moderate and severe depression. This paper explore depression among children, outlines different types of diagnosis, as well as the parameters for rare situations in which practitioners can try antidepressants when psychotherapeutic options fail and the depression is in severe stage. Introduction About 2.8 percent of children younger than 13 years suffer from depression at any given point in time (Clark, Jansen, & Cloy, 2012). The incidence of depression among children is a major concern because of the damaging and acute consequences associated with the disorder. Research shows that 60 percent of adolescents...
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...wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, about one in ten returning soldiers seen in VA have a problem with alcohol or other drugs (Veteran Affairs 2012). As human service provider I witness this co diagnosis of PTSD ( Post Traumatic Stress Disorder) and SUD (Substance Abuse Disorder) daily and it has encouraged me to form a opinion. After some deep thought I would like to look into the efficiency of the treatment prescribed to solders suffering from PTSD and which is more effective. In this paper I will be looking Cognitive behavioral therapy offered when trying to treat PTSD and SUD . On the other hand I will like to look into a variety of medication therapy which includes anxiety medication and drugs known as a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor. On an weekly basis I deal with over 100 veterans who have been diagnosed with PTSD and in most cases are dual diagnosed with SUD (Substance Use Disorder). While looking over these veterans charts I notice that many have attended Cognitive behavioral therapy,...
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...San Marcos Abstract This paper explores the findings from four peer reviewed articles about the effects of Healing Touch (HT)/Therapeutic Touch(TT) has on patients. The studies represented in the articles vary in their study designs; however they all aim to ask the same two questions. 1) Does Therapeutic touch play a role in the healing process and health outcomes in selected patients; and 2) Secondly, Is there a need for TT to be utilized in further treatment modalities? This paper examines two different oncology patient studies, one osteoarthritis pain study and one study focusing on patients who are being treated in a psychiatric facility. The Effects of Healing Touch on Patient’s Health “Healing Touch (HT) is a complimentary non invasive biofield therapy, which has demonstrated effectiveness in reducing pain, distress and fatigue. HT purportedly supports the body’s natural healing process and enhances the function of the immune system (Wong, Ghiasuddin, Kimata, Patelesio, & Siu, 2012, pg.1).” The goal of Therapeutic/Healing Touch is to restore harmony and balance to individuals energy systems, which provides the opportunity to self-heal (Wong et al., 2012, pg.27).This paper explores research conducted on the effects of Healing Touch on patients with cancer, pain as and well as other effects on their mental health and the need to further research into the effects of Healing Touch on multiple health care...
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...Treatment Issue Regarding the Possible Efficacy of Psilocybin on Depression Jennifer Pepper The Chicago School of Professional Psychology MM627 Clinical Psychopathology Tonya Bennett, Ph.D. Summer 2014 - Final Paper Treatment Issue Regarding the Possible Efficacy of Psilocybin on Depression For thousands of years, humans have been using psychedelic plants all over the world for healing purposes. Despite this fact, in 1971, these medicines were classified as schedule I drugs. Schedule I drugs are defined as drugs with a high potential for abuse or drugs that have no recognized medical uses. After 40 years of almost-total prohibition, psychologists, psychiatrists and neuroscientists are reassessing the role of psychedelic drugs. This research paper will focus on the classical serotonergic psychedelic called psilocybin or the so-called ‘magic mushroom’ and it’s clinical potential in the treatment of various psychiatric disorders. First, it is important to recognize certain facts about psilocybin that may be unknown due to misperceptions about the plant. Psilocybin is not known to cause damage to the brain or any other organs in the body and is regarded as non-addictive (Nichols, 2004; as cited in Krebs & Johansen, 2013). In fact, studies have found that psilocybin may lead to neurogenesis, or the regrowth of brain cells (Catlow et al., 2013). Psilocybin can cause sustained positive changes in attitudes, mood and behavior, and a recent study suggests it may be helpful...
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...Major Depressive Disorder and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Argosy University Abnormal Psychology Brandy Rhodes 12/08/11 Abstract: Major depression disorder is a wide and complex disorder than many Americans suffer from. This paper will review the research and material of major depression disorder and the effective treatment with cognitive behavioral therapy. Although there are several types of therapy available to treat depression and other mood disorders, CBT (cognitive behavioral therapy) has been one of the most widely used and thought to be very effective in treating the disorder. First the paper will review what the disorder is and the criteria needed to diagnosis one with major depressive disorder and then we will take a look at how CBT helps the client overcome the signs and symptoms of the disorder. Lastly the paper will follow up with why CBT is thought to effective with treating major depressive disorder. Major Depressive Disorder and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Many clients’ that are seen in today’s clinics suffer from major depressive disorder (MDD) which is one of the most common disorders. “Major depressive disorder has a life time prevalence of 15.8 % (Mor and Haran, 2009). Many times MDD is characterized by early onset with development occurring throughout the life span. MDD is a disorder characterized by extreme depressed mood that lasts at least 2 weeks and includes cognitive symptoms such as feelings of hopelessness, worthlessness, and indecisiveness;...
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...Disorder Specific Cognitive Behaviour Therapy Interventions – WHM-M-030 Introduction The purpose of the paper is to discuss the current theory and empirical literature for using a transdiagnostic approach in cognitive behaviour therapy and it’s relevance in current practice. I will discuss the theory and evidence for using a transdiagnostic approach and highlight the main processes. A discussion on the strengths and limitations of the approach will conclude the first part of the paper. The second part will be a review of personal clinical work discussing the transdiagnostic process and its hypothesised effectiveness. To conclude the author will provide a personal reflection. There has been a long widely accepted claim for the effectiveness of CBT with prolific amount of evidence for it’s effectiveness for Depression, Anxiety and Mood disorders (Roth & Fongy, 1995) Models such as cognitive therapy for depression (Beck, Rush, Shaw, & Emery, 1979), panic disorder (Clark, 1986,), posttraumatic stress disorder (Clark & Ehlers, 2004); and obsessive-compulsive disorder (Salkovskis, 1989) have led to disorder-specific interventions for treating common mental health problems. The benefits of devising a model on specific disorders is the high degree of research and comparable data involved; from that the therapist will be highly trained in the use of the model to deliver the approach for each disorder (Salkovskis 2002). Disorder specific models are seen to be easily delivered...
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...Abnormal Psychology and Therapy Paper David Brown, Charles Hodge PSY/300: General Psychology Susan Bonnell June 2, 2015 University of Phoenix Abnormal Psychology and Therapy Paper Abnormal psychology is the study of unusual behavior, thoughts, and emotion by members of a society (American Psychological Association, 2015). To meet the definition of abnormal, the behavior, actions, or thoughts must be atypical of the culture (Kowalski & Westen, 2011). Herein is where the challenge lies, due to the fact that our world encompasses many cultures and definitions of normal are significantly different from one region to the next. The paper will provide examples of abnormal psychology in the form of mental disorders and illnesses. Additionally, treatments for these disorders and illnesses will be discussed. Normal and Abnormal Psychology Normal and abnormal psychology can differ by culture. One’s normal behavior is that which allows for a society to maintain a productive and relationship driven life that does not differ drastically from the normalcy of said society (Kowalski & Westen, 2011). When an individual’s behavior is maladaptive to the culture he or she belongs, others will then classify said behavior as abnormal, and then will attempt to change that behavior. Wen-Sing Tseng, M.D. (2013), described a Latino man who hit his body and yelled very loudly, alone while in public, upon hearing of his wife’s death. The treating doctor was unsure if the man’s behavior...
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...Disorder Paper - Anxiety Jonathan Dimitroff University of Phoenix Psych 575 March 23, 2015 Leah Mancuso PhD Disorder Paper - Anxiety The purpose of this paper is to discuss a neurological, psychological, or neurodevelopmental disorder. It is to compare and contrast three therapeutic interventions used to treat the chosen disorder; comparing measures of effectiveness, such as validity, efficacy, symptom and behavior management, and recidivism. One therapy should be cognitive in nature, one pharmacological in nature, and the third should be an alternative therapeutic treatment. This paper will identify common symptoms associated with the disorder, and rates of symptom reduction or management as reported with the three treatments. It will discuss what approach this author would use to treat this disorder based on the research used to develop this paper; and why. It will also analyze the neurophysiological underpinnings of disorders and diseases, as well as examine contemporary attitudes towards the three treatments selected. For the purposes of this paper, anxiety will be the chosen disorder. It is a psychological disorder with a variety of symptoms and specific types of anxiety. To list a few of the different types of anxiety, there is Panic disorder, Obsessive-Compulsive disorder, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Social Anxiety disorder, then there are the phobias which fall under the anxiety label, as well as Generalized...
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...experienced by individuals with bipolar disorder. Those who are diagnosed with bipolar disorder have experiences with both episodes of major depression and mania (Gazzaniga & Heatherton, 2005). Manic episodes are categorized as having elevated moods, increased activity, and diminished need for sleep, grandiose ideas, racing thoughts, and extreme distractibility. During these episodes, there are often excessive involvement in pleasurable but foolish activities such as sexual indiscretions, buying sprees, and risky business ventures. The individual usually regrets these situations once the mania is over. Not everyone necessarily experiences these extreme episodes, as others may suffer less extreme examples of mood elevations, known as hypomanic episodes. They are often categorized as heightened creativity, productivity, and can be extremely pleasurable and rewarding. People experiencing these symptoms are known as to have a Bipolar II diagnosis, whereas people with extreme depression and manic episodes, as mentioned before, are known to have a Bipolar I diagnosis. There is a third category, however, which is known as cyclothymia. The individual with this type of bipolar disorder experiences hypomania and mild depression (Gazzaniga & Heatherton, 2005). Bipolar disorder is much less common than depression. In addition, whereas depression is more common in women, the prevalence of bipolar disorder is equal...
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...Depression Paper Gabrielle Piperno PSY 270 January 12, 2014 Stephanie Sencil-White Depression Paper Depression is defined as a low, sad state in which life seems dark with overwhelming challenges (Comer, 2012). Mania is considered the opposite of depression as it results in feeling of euphoria and frenzied energy; these two definitions combined are classified as bipolar disorder (Comer, 2012). Unipolar depression is when an individual suffers from depression that lacks bouts of mania (Comer, 2012). Depression, and or symptoms of depression, can affect everyone during one or more stages of life. Some individuals experience times in their lives when they consider themselves to be depressed; in actuality this is most likely a normal mood swing due to a temporary unpleasant circumstance. Upon information and belief, nearly 7 percent of the adult population in the United States suffers from a severe form of unipolar depression, with 5 percent of American’s suffering from mild forms of depression (Comer, 2012). Of the percentage of individuals suffering from unipolar depression, at least 50 percent of those individuals recover anywhere from 6 weeks to one year; in certain case treatment was not required (Comer, 2012). There are many cause that can be attributed to depression and unipolar forms of depression; some of these causes are due to biological factors and environmental factors (Comer, 2012). Neurotransmitters, when defective, may lead to depression. It is believed that...
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...Rumination and Unipolar Depression: How Do We Change Such Negative Thoughts? PY3103: Psychopathology Syed Mohammad Alwi Aidid James Cook University (Singapore) 12717347 Tutorial C Abstract Ruminative thinking has been found to be one of the most common symptoms in patients suffering from unipolar depression due to their tendency to reflect upon themselves negatively. In this essay, the manner in which this thinking pattern has been found to worsen patients’ depressed condition is further investigated. Subsequently, a large part of it will explore research on two forms of treatment that have been tested for its work with depressive rumination, specifically, metacognitive therapy, which seeks to removing patients’ Cognitive Attentional Syndrome and alter their metacognitive beliefs, and rumination-focused cognitive behaviour therapy, that aims to help reduce maladaptive ruminative styles and helping patients adopt a more concrete, process-driven and specific style of thinking instead. Finally, a potential avenue for treating depressed patients’ ruminative thinking patterns, imagery is investigated further. Key words: rumination, unipolar depression, metacognitive therapy, cognitive behaviour therapy, imagery restructuring, treatment. Depression is a highly common illness, with the World Health Organization (WHO) estimating that, as of 2012, 350 million people are afflicted by it worldwide (World Health Organization, 2012). There are many different subtypes of this illness...
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