...Globalization & Communication Technology Globalization has been around for hundreds of years as nations sought to trade with other nations located great distances away. It was slow and took months for the simplest transaction, but it existed. Now, due to the Internet and other communication technology, we have entered a new era of globalization in which interactivity, communication, collaboration and the transfer of products and services take place instantly. This 21st century version of globalization will transform the economic, cultural and political climate of all participating nations for years to come. Globalization * Globalization is the process of integrating people from varies countries, nations, cultures and governments into one global melting pot. The process is driven by the economics of free market capitalism, international trade and investment. It represents a merger of the developed world with the developing world, thus creating new and dynamic mutually beneficial business models and cultural exchanges, experiences and considerations. Communications Technology * With the Internet, telecommunications, broadband, cell phone technology, handheld wireless mobile devices and other communication technology, geographically dispersed workers can now interact and collaborate as though they all were located together in a downtown high-rise. In fact, communication technology has advanced to the point where instant communications across the globe can be so...
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...GLOBAL ECONOMICS CRITICAL ESSAY Does Globalization Cause Inequity Among Rich and Poor Nations? M. Stephen Lucas March 2007 Lucas 2 Table of Contents Introduction Discussion International Inequality Trade verses Aid Culture Clash Trade Liberalization 5 8 13 18 3 Conclusion 21 Bibliography Appendix 23 26 Lucas 3 Does Globalization Cause Inequity Among Rich and Poor Nations? Introduction Globalization and international trade have been around for millennia. Over the most part of the past century, nations have increased the amount of trade that crosses international borders. As trade agreements are made between countries, one nation’s resources become available to another nation’s citizens. The resources in each country are limited and scarce. The differences and availability of the proportions of each nation’s input factors of production is the catalyst for trade (Pugel, 2004). These factors include land, labor, capital, and enterprise. Land is the real estate that is comprised within the country’s border. It contains the natural resources that are limited in nature, such as oil, gold, silver, coal, etc. It also includes resources that can be grown on the land such as timber and agricultural products, which are limited by the size of the land that is available to grow such products and technology. Labor includes the skill sets of a nation’s people and is limited by the population size. Labor can be divided in to skilled and unskilled. In some countries...
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...The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) was established in 1964 as a permanent intergovernmental body. UNCTAD is the principal organ of the United Nations General Assembly dealing with trade, investment, and development issues. The organization's goals are to: "maximize the trade, investment and development opportunities of developing countries and assist them in their efforts to integrate into the world economy on an equitable basis." The primary objective of UNCTAD is to formulate policies relating to all aspects of development including trade, aid, transport, finance and technology. The conference ordinarily meets once in four years; the permanent secretariat is in Geneva. One of the principal achievements of UNCTAD has been to conceive and implement the Generalised System of Preferences (GSP). It was argued in UNCTAD that to promote exports of manufactured goods from developing countries, it would be necessary to offer special tariff concessions to such exports. Accepting this argument, the developed countries formulated the GSP scheme under which manufacturers' exports and some agricultural goods from the developing countries enter duty-free or at reduced rates in the developed countries. Since imports of such items from other developed countries are subject to the normal rates of duties, imports of the same items from developing countries would enjoy a competitive advantage. The creation of UNCTAD in 1964 was based on concerns of developing countries...
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...International Trade & Finance Assessment Task 1 Free trade for poor nations Individual Assignment Prepared for: October 2012 Submitted: July 2012 Prepared by: Table of Contents Introduction …………………………………………………………………………… 3 Background …………………………………………………………………………… 4 Argument for free trade ……………………………………………………………… 4 Argument against free trade ……………………………………………….………. 5 Conclusion …………………………………………………………………………….. 7 List of references ………………………………………………………………………8 Introduction Through globalisation, competition, specialisation and access to technology, free trade and openness has allowed most countries to improve their growth enormously. Free trade has allowed and opened up a lot of opportunity for developing nations to improve their economy and to make provision for rapid growth. The comment that free trade cannot work or be in the interest of the world's poorest countries due to them being at a competitive disadvantage in every sector is a little false, as free trade has shown to help some but not all such or similar nations. Free trade can help the poor increase their wealth and provide opportunity however, in today’s world, free trade may also act as a hindrance to growth and lead to even greater poverty and resentment toward larger economies. This report aims to argue both points that free trade can work in developing nations and be in the best interest of poor countries. However, there are many counter arguments...
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...religion. There are countries that are more developed than others economic, social and politically. These factors give advantages and disadvantages to the population and government of the different countries as well as the different problems that a nation could suffer according to how powerful each one could be. I. Definition developed and developing countries. a. Traditions. b. Customs. c. Others such as religion. II. Comparison of developed and developing countries. a. Economic factor. b. Social factor. c. Political factor. III. Contrast of developed and developing countries on types of problems. a. Government. b. Environment. c. Technology. Conclusion: The countries all over the world have their power and weakness, according to the type of government, their history, economic and environmental problems; technology and religious creed. Nevertheless the situation would be; the future is in every decision of the population and how to face the different obstacles and the positive attitude about them. It is only with the support of the citizens that makes a nation to grow and develop in all the fundamental areas: social, political and economically. Essay about developed and developing countries The world is divided in five continents. Each one is composed by countries. According to the Ocean Dictionary (2004), a country is “a determinate territory where people live and they share language, traditions, customs and other things” (p...
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...Science, Technology, Innovation In an era where human progress is soaring at a dizzying rate, society must adapt its technology to solve current world issues. In a world where the Internet, cell phones and notebook computers are becoming a necessity for everyday living, we often forget about those who still suffer attempting to meet their basic needs, including clean water, food and health care. It is time for the developed world to use their technology to help those who can not help themselves. By using these technologies there will be advances in medical services, a new economy based on the Internet, emerging information technologies and new methods for the farming and industrial sectors. More importantly, these technologies will provide the education and knowledge for these people to become prosperous nations that can fend for themselves and provide for their people. Transfers of technology from the developed world to the developing world will improve the standard of living, increase efficiency in production and become a base for economic growth, without this transfer these countries will fall further into poverty and economic ruin, with little hope for survival. For most people of the developed world, the developing world is not something they concern themselves with; they do not see it everyday and therefore it does not exist. This could not be farther from the truth. The developing world is in need of help but the developed world constantly turns a blind eye. Our...
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...Critique of RSI Paper Summary Primary infrastructures are meant to provide the basic services for the livability of a city. In developing nations, these basic services such as water supply, power supply etc. are not very reliable or consistent. This results in individual households getting their own private secondary infrastructures to make up for the deficiencies. This additional infrastructure is called Remedial Secondary Infrastructure (RSI). “RSI is defined as privately owned infrastructure required to complement municipal delivery of daily primary infrastructure services when the utility is not providing reliable and high quality basic services” (Reiner and Ramaswami 2016). Regardless of socioeconomic status, everyone depends on RSI for smooth operation of his or her household. Additional costs are incurred to maintain the RSI. These costs depend on the quality of RSI that is installed in the household (Reiner and Ramaswami 2016). Remedial Secondary Infrastructure possesses some unique characteristics that distinguishes it from other types of infrastructures such as decentralized infrastructure, redundant infrastructure, supplemental infrastructure etc. “RSI replicates the same function as the primary infrastructure that it seeks to remediate, but it is situated and operated at the end users’ location” (Reiner and Ramaswami 2016). However, it differs from decentralized infrastructure as it can’t replace primary infrastructure services for extended periods of time. RSI...
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...stabilize developing 3rd world countries and have demonized developed nations by regulating them in order to help undeveloped nations. Globalization and the World Trade Organization are connected because globalization is done through the growth of free or less restricted trading in goods, services, technology, and capital. Now with that being the case, the developed countries have less restricted markets to trade goods, they have more advanced technology, and most significantly they have a tremendous amount more capital. The World Trade Organization was initially designed in order help developing nations fight off the regulations such as trade barriers and subsidies which are linked to the concerns about the unfair nature of trading rules and the non existence of level playing fields which burden the developing nations. The World Trade Organization has only further burdened nations that actually benefit from globalization for instance China. The WTO has enforced policies that have restricted the role of private businesses in China’s economic development. Unfortunately for developing nations the minor enforcements from the WTO on developed nations has really hurt the developing nations because the WTO has not prevented ambiguous rules on concluding trade agreements that allow the developing nations to be manipulated by the rich states. Africa has been forced to remove tariffs on up to 90% of their trade because the WTO has not enforced rules that protect developing nations. Also...
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...GLOBALISATION COG: GROUP ASSIGNMENT What is Globalisation? Globalisation might have become a buzz-word off late but it is not a new phenomenon. Globalisation loosely refers to the integrated international activities and might have its roots in economic benefits of specialization and competitive advantage. However, with the increased flow of information and ideas across the nations, globalisation has led to make the world a level playing field with very little barriers. The first wave of the organised globalisation started with nations going global, essentially in the quest of new avenues to increase the revenue from the trade activities and access to natural resources. The scramble for the new markets and natural resources led to imperialism and eventually to wars. In the second wave of the globalisation it was organizations that were going global, again in the search for markets and cheaper resources. As the organizations continued to prosper reaping the benefits of the global supply chain, there was an increasing pressure to further reduce the trade barriers amongst the nations. In the third wave of the globalisation, it’s the people who are going global and has lead to integration of different cultures. The world has become a single market and has presented the organizations with huge opportunities as well as increased competition. The complicated interdependencies have perplexed the organizations and regulatory authorities looking for the sweet spot between growth...
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...massive global scale. The Information Technology field is a major contributor to global outsourcing. Outsourcing is currently a major social and political issue in the United States. At stake are thousands of jobs ranging from help desk operators to software programmers. The financial impact outsourcing has on the global economy is also a key factor. As time passed, companies recognized the need to cut operating costs, reduce personnel and save their resources. Hence, outsourcing came to the forefront as a way to stay competitive. Developing nations like India and China have come to light in recent years as they have a wealth of computer engineers and programmers who will work for low wages. Outsourcing has become such a common practice that it is now considered a benefit to the world economy, and knowing that outsourcing is a $400 billion a year industry and IT outsourcing is a vital part of the industry. A slump in IT outsourcing would mean a loss for the global economy andThe world must accept that outsourcing is a major staple to the world economy. However, with every step forward, come two steps back. Companies continue to outsource jobs overseas, leaving thousands jobless in the United States. Companies have emphasized costs cutting and profits rather than focus on the social change outsourcing has done to American Society and the economy. The era of technological outsourcing has essentially lowered the Information Technology talent significantly, as far down as the...
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...Does it still make sense to use the concept of a developing country? Do you think that in spite of all their diversity less developed countries share enough common characteristics? Explain your arguments. Yes, it makes sense to use the concept of a developing country even though developed and developing countries share common characteristics. Todaro (2003) classifies these common characteristics into six broad categories as follows: 1. Low levels of living 2. Low levels of productivity 3. High rates of population growth and dependency burden 4. High and rising level of unemployment and underemployment 5. Significant dependence on agricultural production and primary products exports 6. Dominance, dependence and vulnerability in international relations Low Levels of Living In developing nations, the majority of the population live in impoverished conditions. Low income induced poverty leads to inadequate housing, ill health, low or limited education, low life expectancy, and high infant mortality rate. One measurement tool used that helps identify developed versus developing nation is the general national product (GNP) which is the” total value of all final goods and services produced within a nation in a particular year, plus income earned by its citizens (including income of those located abroad), minus income of non-residents located in that country. Basically, GNP measures the value of goods and services that the country's citizens produced regardless of their...
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...Greengard, S. 2010, ‘Cloud computing and developing nations Communications of the ACM’, Vol 53.5.pp.18-20 In this journal, Greengard has illustrated about the importance, potential and achievement of cloud computing (pp. 18-19). And also about the limitation, challenges and problems of cloud computing (p.20). He has also disclosed about the use and value of cloud computing in the current situation and future (pp.18-19) and the opportunity provided by it. Greengard also uttered that it has also helped to carry impossible task with limited errors and resources. He also believed that cloud computing act as a catalyst for the innovation and development of developing nations (p.20). According to Greengard, cloud computing has attracted himself and the whole world due to its possibilities and benefits and it has also broad implication. Schwam K (cited Greengard 2010) stated that “it has potential to dramatically change business models and the way people interact with each other.” Likewise, Bratt S (cited Greengard 2010) indicated about “cloud computing crushing down the obstacles to entry at playing field.” Greengard recited that it facilitates strong information technology and advancement at very low cost and even can share information and resources to various destinations at anytime and anywhere as long there is internet service. Large companies are increasing their computing centres continuously in various parts of the world i.e. Google, IBM, Microsoft) (p.18). Greengard has...
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...Compare / Contrast the ENISA and Commonwealth Approaches to Developing National Cybersecurity Strategies Steven Falzone University of Maryland University College CSIA 360 Introduction Why is it important that every nation has a cyber security strategies? The past decade multiple company national or international have faced cyber security threats. Either sensitive government information or individual’s information has been compromised. Cyber security issues have developed into a significant national level where now it requires government consideration. In this analysis we will compare Europe and the Commonwealth on how they approach the national and international cyber security strategies. Overview of national cyber security What is national cybersecurity? Well first cyber security is a body technologies, processes and practices designed to protect networks, computers, programs and data from being attacked, damaged and or unauthorized access (target, n.d.). Now in the bigger end nations are now in the need for cyber security. National cyber security is to protect publicly held information that can be personal or private, national security and more. There has been several attacks on public services that have compromised personal or private information. As technology rapidly changes, new vulnerabilities are being created. National cyber security also outlines visions and articulates priorities, principles and approaches to understanding and managing risks at the national...
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...critical component of everyday life that should be taken into consideration when looking at the world’s population. With the dawn on the digital revolution, health care practices/methods have been forced to take on a new look, one that is in line with technology to better reach the global society. Even though this poses concerns for developed, developing and less developed countries. Moreover, developed and developing countries they are faced with what is equitable between health and healthcare while less developed countries, they are faced with little to no electricity which results in poor lighting and inadequate communication and are forced to treat patients without past medical records. The problem stems from “a lack of coherence in global health governance, which leads to the impossibility of effective representation throughout the globe.” (Zalzala et al. 629-632) This is a major problem when dealing with the global society as health for on a global scale cannot be addressed from the perspective of one nation, it needs to come from several nations working together to achieve a set goal. Because problems in one nation might severely differ from the other due to climate, culture and the nature of the people who live in that specific nation. Currently, there is not standing plan or strategic vision to combat this global health crisis and no one person is capable but a select few really care about the global society. For example: Doctors Without Borders, an organization that aids countries...
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...THE ROLE OF GLOBALIZATION IN THE MODERN ECONOMY GLOBALIZATION DEFINED Over the past several decades, the economies of the world have become increasingly linked, through expanded international trade in services as well as primary and manufactured goods, through portfolio investments such as international loans and purchases of stock, and through direct foreign investment, especially on the part of large multinational corporations. At the same time, foreign aid has increased much less in real terms and has become dwarfed by the now much larger flows of both private capital, and remittances. These linkages have had a marked effect on the developing world. But developing countries are importing and exporting more from each other, as well as from the developed countries, and in some parts of the developing world, especially East Asia but also notably Latin America, investments have poured in from developed countries such as the United States, the United Kingdom, and Japan. Globalization is one of the most frequently used words in discussions of development, trade, and international political economy. As the form of the word implies, globalization is a process by which the economies of the world become more integrated, leading to a global economy and, increasingly, global economic policymaking, for example, through international agencies such as the World Trade Organization (WTO). Globalization also refers to an emerging “global culture,” in which people consume similar goods and...
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