...Ivo ©2006 African Centre for Community and Development (www.africancentreforcommunity.com ) All rights reserved. Table of Contents 1.0 Introduction, Perspectives in Management and the genesis of Human Resource Management 1.1 Scientific or Closed management, Human Relations or Semi open system, Open System or Contingency system 1.2 Personnel management/ Personnel Manager 1.3 The genesis of Human Resource Management(HRM)/Defining Human Resource Management 1.4 What is ‘Hard’ and ‘Soft’ HRM? 1.5 The Debate between Human Relations(HR) and Human Resource Management(HRM) 1.6 The Human Resource Manager and his role 2.0 Attempting a framework for Human Resource Management(HRM) 2.1 Using HRM as a style, a strategy and an outcome 2.2 Is HRM a restatement of Personnel Management? 2.3 Is HRM a new managerial discipline? 2.4 HRM as a resource-based dimension of management 2.5 The Strategic and international possibilities of HRM 3.0Using some models of HRM to critically assess HRM “Hard” and “Soft” Approaches. 3.1The Harvard Model 3.2The Michigan Model 3.3Guest comparative models 3.4The ‘Choice Model’ and its benefits. 4.0The influence of senior management and their Effectiveness 4.1 policy makers 4.2 senior managers and their frames of reference 4.3 The more effective the better the policies 4.4 The Japanese example 5.0 Conclusion, limitations and proposals 5.1HRM a widespread contemporary, evolving & contingent tool 5.2The ‘softness’ of HRM, “bundles” and performance 5.3 Holistic thinking...
Words: 6510 - Pages: 27
...Musgrave Retail Partners Ireland 2010 Human Resource Management A competitive advantage Jennifer O’ Hagan Table of Contents How can good HRM practice become a source of competitive advantage for organisations in the retail sector? 3 Introduction: 3 Definitions: 3 Main functions of a HRM system: 4 Key functions of a HRM system: 6 Learning and development and performance management: 6 Induction: 6 Staff appraisals/review systems: 7 Hertzberg Two factor theory 8 Motivational factors 8 Hygeine factors 8 HRM eveloution 9 Why is HRM such an important tool in organisations today? 10 References 11 How can good HRM practice become a source of competitive advantage for organisations in the retail sector? Introduction: The purpose of this study is to discuss how good HRM (human resource management) practice can become a source of competitive advantage for organisations in the retail sector. To help me examine this, I will explain what defines HRM and the main functions of a HRM system. I will also examine why it is such an important tool for many organisations today. Definitions: Human Resourse Management has been defined as ‘a strategic approach to managing employment relations between employee and employers, which emphasises that leveraging peoples capabilities is critical to achieving competitive advantage, acheived through a distinctive set of integrated employment practices.’ ‘Strategy denotes an activity that organisations perform...
Words: 2323 - Pages: 10
...Research Training and Development UK (www.eajournals.org) HISTORY, EVOLUTION AND DEVELOPMENT OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT: A CONTEMPORARY PERSPECTIVE Kipkemboi Jacob Rotich1, Moi University, School of Human Resource Development, Department of Development Studies, P.o Box 3900-30100, Eldoret, Kenya. ABSTRACT: Various attempts have been made towards tracing the historical development of the discipline of Human Resource Management (HRM). However, these initiatives have largely been concentrated on certain specific periods of time and experiences of specific countries and regions such as Australia, the USA, the UK and Asia (Nankervis et.al, 2011; Kelly, 2003; Ogier, 2003). This paper attempts to document the entire history of the discipline of Human Resource Management from a holistic perspective. The evolution and development of HRM will be traced right from the pre-historic times through to the postmodern world. Major characteristics in the evolution and development of HRM will also be examined and documented. KEYWORDS: Human Resource Management (HRM), evolution, history INTRODUCTION Defining Human Resource Management (HRM) According to Armstrong (2006) Human Resource Management (HRM) is defined as a strategic and coherent approach to the management of an organization’s most valued assets – the people working there who individually and collectively contribute to the achievement of its objectives. From this definition, we can deduce that HRM or simply HR is a...
Words: 6796 - Pages: 28
...THE DEVELOPMENT OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT FROM A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR THE HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGER CHUKWUNONSO Franklyn, franconicostelo@yahoo.com +234 8038765452, 8052829700 Department of Information Technology, Federal University of Technology, Yola ABSTRACT This paper introduces the development of Human Resource Management (HRM) from a historical perspective and explains the debate between HRM and personnel management. Thus, the paper identifies the historical developments and their impacts on HRM, outlines the development and functions of HRM, explains the differences between HRM and Personnel Management, evaluates ‘hard’ and ‘soft’ approaches to HRM, illustrates how diversity is an issue in Human Relations (HR) practice and finally considers HRM as an international issue. It concludes with a discussion about ‘hard’ and ‘soft’ models of HRM and its implications for the human resource manager. INTRODUCTION The term "human resource management" has been commonly used for about the last ten to fifteen years. Prior to that, the field was generally known as "personnel administration." The name change is not merely cosmetics. Personnel administration, which emerged as a clearly defined field by the 1920s (at least in the US), was largely concerned the technical aspects of hiring, evaluating, training, and compensating employees and was very much of "staff" function in most organizations. The field did not normally focus on the relationship...
Words: 4678 - Pages: 19
...Resource Management (HRM) practices As the world is becoming more competitive and unstable than ever before, manufacturing-based industries are seeking to gain competitive advantage at all cost and are turning to more innovative sources through HRM practices (Sparrow, Schuler, & Jackson, 1994). HRM practices have been defined in several aspects. Schuler and Jackson (1987) defined HRM practices as a system that attracts, develops, motivates, and retains employees to ensure the effective implementation and the survival of the organization and its members. Besides, HRM practices is also conceptualized as a set of internally consistent policies and practices designed and implemented to ensure that a firm’s human capital contribute to the achievement of its business objectives (Delery & Doty, 1996). Likewise, Minbaeva (2005) viewed HRM practices a set of practices used by organization to manage human resources through facilitating the development of competencies that are firm specific, produce complex social relation and generate organization knowledge to sustain competitive advantage. Against this backdrop, we concluded that HRM practices relate to specific practices, formal policies, and philosophies that are designed to attract, develop, motivate, and retain employees who ensure the effective functioning and survival of the organization. Among the main approaches to develop HRM: ―universal‖ or ―best practice‖ approach (Huselid, 1995); strategic HRM practices approach (Delery...
Words: 1251 - Pages: 6
...job and motivated Controlling – monitoring activities to be sure goals are met 2. What is Human Resource Management? Definitions: . • Human Resource Management (HRM) is a subset of the study of management that focuses on how to attract, hire, train, motivate and maintain employees. Strong employees become a source of competitive advantage in a global environment facing change in a complex ways at a rapid pace. DeCenzo et al (2010:1) • "Human resource/personnel management may be defined as the planning, organizing, directing and controlling of the procurement, development, compensation, integration and maintenance and separation of human resources to the end that individual, organizational and societal objectives are accomplished." Edwin B.Elippo • ‘All those activities associated with the management of employment relationships in the firm’ Boxall and Purcell (2003: 1) • ‘The management of work and people in organizations’ Boxall et al (2007.7) HRM as ‘an inevitable process that accompanies the growth of organizations’ Boxall and Purcell (2010: 29) • The policies, practices, and systems that influence employees’ behavior, attitudes, and performance. Noe et al (2011.1) HRM covers activities such as • human capital management, • knowledge management, • organization design and development, • resourcing (workforce planning, recruitment and selection, and talent...
Words: 2651 - Pages: 11
...Introduction The following essay will trace the development of Human Resource Management/Personnel Management. Within this essay the origins of personnel management will be described and how the Human Resource Management (HRM) developed from that process. A brief discussion on the development of the ‘factory system’ and a description of the employee working conditions within these ‘factory systems’ will be discussed. Also included will be an outline on how these ‘factory systems’ operated and what this meant for the employees. The development of the ‘Welfare Tradition’ will be discussed and how it relates the Human Resource Management of today. The role the ‘welfare officers’ played in businesses and the changes that was brought about will also be discussed. After the ‘Welfare Tradition’ came the ‘Scientific’ movement. The changes in businesses that the ‘Scientific Movement’ brought about will be looked at. F.W Taylor’s ‘Principles of Scientific Management’ will be explored and the affects his principles had on businesses. The ‘Behavioural Science’ movement will be discussed along with Elton Mayo’s ‘Human Relation School of Thought’ and his experiment widely known as the ‘Hawthorn Studies’. The impact this had on businesses and the affect this had on the managers and workers will be included. The growth of trade unions and the affect they had on employers and employees will be discussed along with Jeffrey Pfeffer’s seven key HRM practices and a brief analysis of their meaning...
Words: 3327 - Pages: 14
...PES INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY PERSONNEL QUALITY MANAGEMENT Term Paper DEEPAK.M.S (1PI11MBA47) 4/23/2012 CONTENTS 1) Introduction -------------------------------------------3 2) Objectives pertaining --------------------------------4,5 3) Sources of data collection ---------------------------6 4) Review of literature ----------------------------------7 5) Findings ------------------------------------------------8 6) Conclusion ---------------------------------------------9,10 7) Recommendations -----------------------------------11 PERSONNEL QUALITY MANAGEMENT Introduction: A precursor to present day human resource management, personnel administration and personnel management were popular terms that emerged in the late 1960’s and 1970’s. Personnel people need to wear many hats while managing the show. They have to translate the corporate philosophy into concrete action plans without ignoring employee interest and concerns. paper qualifications do not mean much in such a scenario. To get ahead, the personnel man needs qualities of head and hear in equal measure Personnel Management is concerned with people at work and their relationships with each other. It may be defined as a set of programs, functions and activities designed to maximize...
Words: 2098 - Pages: 9
...DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF A MEASURE THAT EXAMINES ATTITUDES TOWARDS e-HRM PRACTICES by Lisa Shane submitted in part fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS in the subject INDUSTRIAL AND ORGANISATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY at the UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AFRICA SUPERVISOR: MR H VON DER OHE MARCH 2009 Student number: 33450625 STATEMENT I declare that “DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF A MEASURE THAT EXAMINES ATTITUDES TOWARDS e-HRM PRACTICES” is my own work and that all sources that I have used or quoted have been indicated and acknowledged by means of complete references. …………………… ..…………………… SIGNATURE DATE (MRS L SHANE) ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS So many people have come along this journey of personal and academic development with me. While completing this dissertation, I have had the greatest support and encouragement from many. I would like to express my gratitude to the following people: My wonderful husband, Bryan, who has shown such patience and understanding during this trying time. I would not have been able to accomplish what I have without you holding my hand the whole way through. Thank you for helping me realise that I could do it. My promoter, Mr. Hartmut von der Ohe, who has consistently provided encouragement and support, and given me the extra push that is needed to get through the writing of this dissertation. Also for having the extra energy and pushing me when I had all but given...
Words: 47711 - Pages: 191
...the human resources. Therefore, in order to enhance the importance of relation the development of organizational commitment needs effective human resource management practices. The current study is intended to provide analysis of the relationships between HRM practices and organizational commitment. These include “manufacturing and human resources fit, behavior and attitude, team activities, interaction facilitation, incentives to meet objectives, training on job skills, training in multiple functions, communication of strategy, feedback on performance. In organizational behavior and industrial and organizational psychology, organizational commitment is the individual's psychological attachment to the organization. Organizational commitment predicts work variables such as turnover, organizational citizenship behavior, and job performance.. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics to project the respondents’ profiles as well as the general patterns of the variations in the HRM variables and organizational commitment. Correlations and multiple regression, statistic regression analysis were used to explore the relationship between the variables involved in the study. As a result of analysis of the findings from top, middle and, the first-tier managers except for “training on job skills”. It was found that there was a strong and statistically positive significant relationship between other HRM variables and organizational commitment. The findings of the study provide support...
Words: 1447 - Pages: 6
... Human resource management (HRM) is concerned with the personnel policies and managerial practices and systems that influence the workforce. In broader terms, all decisions that affect the workforce of the organization concern the HRM function. The activities involved in HRM function are pervasive throughout the organization. Line managers, typically spend more than 50 percent of their time for human resource activities such hiring, evaluating, disciplining, and scheduling employees. Human resource management specialists in the HRM department help organizations with all activities related to staffing and maintaining an effective workforce. Major HRM responsibilities include work design and job analysis, training and development, recruiting, compensation, team-building, performance management and appraisal, worker health and safety issues, as well as identifying or developing valid methods for selecting staff. HRM department provides the tools, data and processes that are used by line managers in their human resource management component of their job. What is the focus of HRM department? “The HRM focus should always be maintaining and, ideally, expanding the customer base while maintaining, and ideally, maximizing profit. HRM has a whole lot to do with this focus regardless of the size of the business, or the products or services you are trying to sell.” (Dr. James Spina, former head of Executive Development at the Tribune Company). HRM is involved in managing the...
Words: 1447 - Pages: 6
...infoRmation systEms The Role of InfoRmaTIon Technology Mohan ThiTe, Michael J. Kavanagh, and RichaRd d. Johnson EDITORS’ NOTE The purpose of this chapter is to provide an introduction to the fields of human resource management (HRM) and information technology (IT) and to the combination of these two fields into human resource information systems (HRIS). The history of the field of HRM and the impact of computer technology on HRM will be covered, as well as the advent of using a human resource information system and the subsequent effects on both HR and IT professionals. The different types of HR activities will be discussed as well as the different types of information systems used in HRIS. A central focus of this chapter is the use in managerial decision making of results and reports from an HRIS. The development of the HRIS field has been seen to have a significant impact on the emergence of strategic human resource management (Strategic HRM), as is discussed in this chapter. This first chapter will lay the groundwork for the remainder of this book, and, consequently, it is important to understand thoroughly the concepts and ideas it presents. This chapter contains definitions for a number of terms in common use in the HRM, IT, and HRIS fields. (Note that a glossary defining these terms is also provided at the back of this book.) The central themes 2 Chapter 1 Evolution of Human Resource Management and HRIS 3 of this book in terms of the development, implementation...
Words: 12986 - Pages: 52
... Md. Tofael Hossain Majumder Department of Accounting and Information Systems, Comilla University, Comilla, Bangladesh. Phone: +8801816436176. Email: tofael_cou@yahoo.com ABSTRACT: Dramatic advances of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), changing mix and personal values of the workforce, emergence of the knowledge economy and increasing global competition have created enormous challenges on organizations. To cope with the challenges efficiently, human resource has been considered as one of the most important factors in today’s hypercompetitive market place. The focus of this study is to gain an insight into the current HRM practices and its impact on employee’s satisfaction on the private banking sector in Bangladesh. For conducting this research, 100 bank employees are selected from the chosen banks and out of this 88 employees responses properly, the response rate is 88 percent. The questionnaire consists of different questions on nine HRM dimensions such as recruitment and selection systems, compensation package, job security, career growth, training and development, management style, job design and responsibilities, reward and motivation and working environment. The questionnaire was developed by using a five point Likert scale. In this study, some statistical measures such as Z-test, mean and proportion analysis is used to examine employee’s satisfaction. The study reveals that all HRM dimensions exercised in the private banking sector of Bangladesh does not...
Words: 4054 - Pages: 17
...HR, and responsibilities and new roles of HR practitioners. Structure 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 Introduction Concept of HRM Objectives of HRM Human Resource Functions Summary Self Assessment Questions Further Readings 2.1 INTRODUCTION Human resource management (HRM) is an approach to the management of people, based on four fundamental principles. First, human resources are the most important assets an organisation has and their effective management is the key to its success. Second, this success is most likely to be achieved if the personnel policies and procedures of the enterprise are closely linked with, and make a major contribution to, the achievement of corporate objectives and strategic plans. Third, the corporate culture and the values, organisational climate and managerial behaviour that emanate from that culture will exert a major influence on the achievement of excellence. This culture must, therefore, be managed which means that organisational values may need to be changed or reinforced, and that continuous effort, starting from the top, will be required to get them accepted and acted upon. Finally, HRM is concerned with integration - getting all the members of the organisation involved and working together with a sense of common purpose. 2.2 CONCEPT OF HRM HRM is a strategic approach to the acquisition, motivation, development and management of the organisation’s human resources. It is a specialised field that attempts to devd .ng an appropriate corporate...
Words: 4235 - Pages: 17
...THE WORLD OF E-HRM Lions…Tigers…and Bears: The World of e-HRM Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Management College of Business & Management Cardinal Stritch University November 29, 2011 Abstract Rapid development and expansion of the internet has boosted the realization and application of e-HRM. Technological optimist assume, that from a technical perspective, the IT possibilities for e-HRM are endless: in principal all HR processes can be supported by IT. This paper aims at giving a clear definition of what HRM and e-HRM actually is, as well as the current uses and technologies utilizing the e-HRM concept. This paper will also discuss some of the pros and cons associated with e-HRM from 4 different perspectives: individual, operational, relational, and transformational. Keywords: e-HRM, HRM, technology, management With the rapid development and expansion of the internet the realization and application of e-HRM has intensified. Technological optimist assume, that from a technical perspective, the IT possibilities for e-HRM are endless: in principal all HR processes can be supported by IT. Surveys of HR consultants suggest that both the number of organizations adopting e-HRM and the depth of applications within the organizations are continually increasing. (CedarCrestone, 2005) In addition, there is anecdotal evidence that e-HRM is becoming...
Words: 2326 - Pages: 10
