...Deviance? Defined as anything of violation of the norm. In the sociological perspective of functionalist, deviance is important for society to remain functional. For it contributes to the social order. Piracy is defined as an act of robbery or criminal violence at sea. The idea of categorizing the transgression of private rights in creative works as "piracy" predates statutory copyright law. The Sean Parker joined friend Shawn Fanning and started the file-sharing service Napster in 1999. Napster's popularity among music lovers quickly escalated. Within its first year, the service attracted tens of millions of users, but also became a target of the music industry, which saw the start-up as a huge threat to its business. Napster was opposed by recording labels, the Recording Industry Association of America, and the heavy metal band Metallica, among others. Lawsuits by various industry associations eventually shut down the service Napster has been called the fastest growing business of all time, is credited with revolutionizing the music industry, and is considered by some to be a precursor to iTunes. I can actually agree with what happened, as piracy is wrong. But I must stress that it was a needed action. Which resulted in all of these companies expanding their industry. Focusing the music, film industry into evolving. Expanding. Into the new era, the era of the internet. In February 2003, Dotcom set up another company called Data Protect Limited, but changed...
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...Deviance In All Its Glory Marcos Antonios Sociology 101-01 Susan J. Quade Ulster County Community College Abstract Humans have always ineptly had some form of deviance in their nature as it is something that has contributed multiple times to the structure of any society and their views. The terms “good” or “bad” deviances are more so labels branded from the current society’s views on what is and isn’t accepted. At its core deviance can be hard to measure and examine as it forms from many different personas and behavioral ways. What is true however is that acts viewed as deviance has changed many times throughout recorded history. While interracial marriages at one time may have been labeled a negative deviance in the U.S., today it does not seem to be a problem. Just as the world has constantly evolved in many ways, so too has the area of deviance and what is recognized as being deviant. With technology progressing so rapidly it seems to have given birth to whole new deviances. Deviances and the people linked to them will always stand out, be they for better or worse. Today’s world is no different as deviances come in many forms, and with it come the opinions of many as well regardless if they’re negative or positive. Perhaps one of the commonly most misconstrued ideas is that deviance and crime related incidents are one in the same. However one must remember that crime is the act of breaking laws set by society; deviance on the other hand is the breaking of norms...
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...freedom, sexuality, deviance, crime, social mobility, poverty, education, aging, or another similar issue. Select a specific hypothesis that you will evaluate against the available evidence from your library / Internet research. Activity Mode aims to provide quality study notes and tutorials to the students of SOC 100 WK 3 Assignment 1 Part 1 in order to ace their studies. SOC 100 WK 3 ASSIGNMENT 1 PART 1 To purchase this visit here: http://www.activitymode.com/product/soc-100-wk-3-assignment-1-part-1/ Contact us at: SUPPORT@ACTIVITYMODE.COM SOC 100 WK 3 ASSIGNMENT 1 PART 1 SOC 100 WK 3 Assignment 1 - Part 1 Identifying the Hypothesis Consider a social issue in which you are interested. It could be human freedom, sexuality, deviance, crime, social mobility, poverty, education, aging, or another similar issue. Select a specific hypothesis that you will evaluate against the available evidence from your library / Internet research. Activity Mode aims to provide quality study notes and tutorials to the students of SOC 100 WK 3 Assignment 1 Part 1 in order to ace their studies. SOC 100 WK 3 ASSIGNMENT 1 PART 1 To purchase this visit here: http://www.activitymode.com/product/soc-100-wk-3-assignment-1-part-1/ Contact us at: SUPPORT@ACTIVITYMODE.COM SOC 100 WK 3 ASSIGNMENT 1 PART 1 SOC 100 WK 3 Assignment 1 - Part 1 Identifying the Hypothesis Consider a social issue in which you are interested. It could be human freedom, sexuality, deviance, crime, social...
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...Workplace deviance has long been a concept that was definable, quantifiable, and evaluatable. Representing an organization’s loss due theft of property, deliberate employee misconduct, or inadvertent employee waste, workplace deviance stemmed from generally overt practices that could be weighted for their significance and addressed accordingly. Although this valuation may often be subjective, it could still be made tangible to a manager in ways that suited their (and their organization’s) ethical norm. In today’s workplace, it is not easy to run a successful and profitable company and maintain ethical behavior at all times. There are too many variables involved in running a business that it can sometimes be tough to determine between right and wrong. We will discuss some of the most common and potentially troubling changes in technology that have resulted in electronic surveillance, email monitoring, restricting access to programs and or websites, and social media trafficking. Due to technological advances, workplace deviance is becoming more and more of a concern for today’s employers. In years past, employers did encounter workplace deviance, but it was of a lesser degree. Chuck Williams, author of our management book, describes workplace deviance as, “unethical behavior that violates organizational norms about right and wrong.” Workplace deviance can have both tangible and intangible effects on a company’s assets. With the dawn of the Information...
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...Reflection Two How can one define deviance in a society? Who is considered to be a deviant? In a society, deviance is any behavior or belief that violates the culture’s norms. However, the norms constantly change as the popular culture continues to transform with time. Mass media, on the other hand, is what constantly spreading and influence popular culture as it has becomes part of nearly everyone’s daily life. Since deviance depends in the current culture’s norms, which involves a large group of people in a society, one can say that it learned at a macro level. Therefore, mass media plays an important role in defining deviance socially as it sends powerful messages that spread popular culture to its targeted audience. There are several theories surrounding deviance. One should understand these theories to understand how the media plays apart in defining and promoting social deviance. Three theories that explain deviance are the Strain theory, Opportunity theory and Control theory. While each theory has its own unique analysis on deviance, one similarity they all share is that deviance is the result of unachieved goals through the normal accepted means. As a result, the pursuer of goals will rely on means that the society may not accept. The society will label those who do not follow the norm deviant. However, the label deviance is subjected differently between different groups in the society. While one large group in the society may accept a norm, other groups may not. For...
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...Practical Critique Workplace deviance/counterproductive workplace behaviour/justice perceptions/goldbricking/cyberfloating Motivation Job Satisfaction Organisational Citizenship Group cohesion and high performance work teams Motivation: A study of sales representatives conducted by Barrick, Stewart and Piotrowski, 2002 has defined two unique aspects of motivation: status striving and accomplishment striving, recording positive correlations with extraversion and conscientiousness variables respectively. Both subsets of motivation directly affect sales performance although the data implies that the accomplishment striving factor results in improved performance only indirectly, accompanied by a status striving variable. The study has been criticised for its sole reliance on participants drawn from sales representatives. Such a narrow band of individuals may be expected to show extraverted behaviour given the arguable necessity of such behaviour in ensuring success. Recruitment of sales representatives is dominated by a focus on selecting extraverted individuals and as such, the generality of the study regarding a correlation between the FFM and job performance is questionable. Job satisfaction: Workplace Deviance and counterproductive workplace behaviour (include in this Buckner’s excessive use of technology study): Organisational commitment: Organisational citizenship: Sean P. Neubert’s study, “The Five-Factor Model of Personality in the Workplace” posited...
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...Deviance – violation of a social norm Conformity – adherence to social norm Range of tolerance – a scope of behaviors considered acceptable and defined as conformity Extreme deviance – beliefs, behaviors, or physical traits that are so unacceptable that they elicit extremely strong negative reactions Crime – any act that violates a criminal law Hate crime – criminal acts against people and their property that are motivated by racial and ethnic prejudices and other social biases Stigma – any characteristic that sets people apart and discredits or disqualifies them form full social acceptance and participation Medical model – views deviance as analogous to illness Pornography – sexually explicit materials intended solely for sexual arousal Social pathology – a problem that potentially threatens the survival of society Strain theories – the view that deviance is a result of the tensions or strain experienced by people because of their position in the social structure Anomie – a state of social strain, normative confusion, or rapid change in norms when people’s behavior is no longer restrained by conventional norms Conflict theories of deviance – view deviance as arising when groups with power attempt to impose their norms and values on less powerful groups Elite deviance – includes all aspects of white-collar crime as well as other deviant acts perpetrated by those in power Labeling theories – view deviance and conformity primarily as labels assigned to...
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...maintain respect for the people around you and also your profession. There are the different policies that have been put in place to regulate the employees conduct in different organizations. As an expert and a professional it is important to know the things that one should do. The essay will discuss what ethical behavior is, how it is affecting the workplace, what controls can be put in place to reduce negative ethical behavior and the benefits that result from having an environment where the employees follow ethics in the work place (Bliss, 2004). The essay will narrow down to an ethical deviance in the work place and will base its arguments in the technology areas that involve the use of computers and the upcoming changes in technology. The workplace defiance originated from the employees practices that could be evaluated and address accordingly. Deviance in the resent past has been a concept that was definable and also a concept that could be evaluated. In the today’s setup of the organizations, it is not simple to manage an organization that is completely free of, or maintains ethical behavior at all times....
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...Examine how the media causes crime -21 Marks. We live today in a media- saturated society. The media are all around us and crime is the central theme of their output, both fiction and non-fiction. Crime and deviance make up a large percentage of news coverage. For example, Richard Ericson et al’s study of Toronto found that 45-71% of quality press and radio news was about various forms of deviance and its control, while Williams and Dickinson found British newspapers allocate up to 30% of their news space to crime. However, many question whether media causes criminality. There are frequent ways in which the media might possibly cause crime and deviance and this includes the glamorisation of offending. As we have seen, the media overstates the amount of violent and unusual crime, and they exaggerate the threats of certain groups of people becoming its victims, such as young women and the elderly. Hence, there is a concern that the media may be misleading the public’s impression of crime and causing an impractical fear of it. Research evidence to some degree supports the view that there is a link between media use and fear of crime. For example, in the USA, Gerbner et al found that heavy users of television (over four hours a day) had greater levels of fear of crime. However, the existence of such correlations doesn’t verify that media viewing causes fear. For example, it may be that those who are already afraid of going out at night watch more TV just because they stay in more...
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...The Media are often the subject of claims that they cause crime and deviance through their devotion to exaggerating the truth in order to have a “newsworthy” story. Often it is the case that the media will play an important role in what Durkheim would say is maintaining the boundaries of society, reaffirming what is socially acceptable, and what is not. Durkheim would also say that all change starts with deviance, and the media highlighting this deviance on the world stage helps to excite and increase the rate of social change, which as suggested in the item, can lead to changes in law. Examples of this have been seen with public displays of homosexuality in countries where homosexual marriage is illegal, or disallowed. This kind of deviance is picked up by the media, and projected on a world stage in the name of news, and appeals to the world’s sense of equality and liberalism. So, while Functionalists would say the news plays an important function in society as a tool to catalyst social change, others would argue that it actually victimises a lot of people. This is seen with Cohen’s work on Folk Devils and Moral panics, in which a person with new norms, values or morals- or even all three, comes along and challenges societies accepted ones. This kind of challenge is met harshly and the new group, or person, is outcasted. They’re cut off from society as a folk devil and victimised for being different. This was seen in the study of the Drug Takers by Jock Young. However while...
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...Media Representation of crime William and Dickinson (1971) found British newspapers devote 30% of their space to crime Media gives a distorted image of crime, criminals and policing compared to official statistics. The media: Over representation of violent and sexual crime Ditton and Duffy (1983) found 46% of media reports were about sexual or violent crime, compared to the actual 3% of crime records for this kind of crime. Marsh found violent crimes were 36 times more likely to be recorded in newspapers than property crime- America Media portray criminals and victims as older and more middle class Felson (1998) calls this the ‘age fallacy’ Media exaggerate police success Partly due to media covering violent crime a lot, which has a higher clean up rate than property crime Media exaggerate risk of vctimisation Especially to women, white people and higher status people Crime is reported as a series of separate events Without examining underlying causes or structure The media overplay extraordinary crime Felson- ‘dramatic fallacy’ and ‘ingenuity fallacy’; media portray crime as hard to commit and you need intelligence to commit crime There is evidence to show that media coverage of crime in the media is changing. Schlesinger and Tumber (1994) found that in the 1960s the focus had been on murders and petty crime, but by 1990 murder and petty crime were of less crime to the media. Change had occurred due to the abolition of the death penalty, and rising crime rates...
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...composed of both informal and formal mechanisms and maintains that the exploitation of socialization and social learning contributes to the individual building of self-control, and in the reduction divergent behaviour. Both controls enforce labeling as a sanction to shame the supposedly deviant character; it infers that the individual has earned disapproval from society due to failed expectations of behaviour. Labeling theorists propose that criminality comes from the response to behaviour as an alternative to actual violation of the law (Wellford, 1975), this is evident in society’s acceptance of illegal downloading despite the sanctions and group in powers values. Durkheim views this defiance as a necessity to an ever changing society where deviance is of use to maintaining functionality, social constancy and collective consciousness, when this is absent anomie is said to arise. Labelling theory holds much of the same stance as conflict theory in emphasising the power of social groups and social control in expectations and stigmatisation. Where the delegation of labels creates sub-groups within society each group is anticipated to fulfil certain normative behaviours, in violating these they become outsiders and hereafter ‘deviant’. Control theory is dependent on the socialization of an individual; it introduces various restraints reliant on internal controls inclusive of morality, consciousness and the desire to be considered a good person. Outer controls such as policing, family...
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...such as the young, the lower class and the educated. Recently rap lyrics and computer games such as Grand Theft Auto have been criticised for encouraging violence whereas before horror comics and films were held responsible for criminality. According to social learning theory, the media provides deviant role models - resulting in ‘copycat’ behaviour. Ericson et al found that 45-71% of quality press and radio news was about various forms of deviance, whilst Williams and Dickinson found British newspapers devoted 30% of their news space to crime. As crime makes up such a large proportion of the news, it is easy for individuals to imitate the crime or behaviour. Though horror and crime films have age restrictions, the internet makes such films easily accessible to anyone and therefore those at an impressionable age (usually adolescents), are exposed to the violence portrayed in which they then imitate. Sue Palmer argues childhood is becoming toxic and children are committing more ‘adult’ crimes from their exposure to violence on the internet and through films. The murder of Jamie Bulger committed by John Venables and Robert Thompson, has been linked to the boys re-enacting scenes from the film ‘Child’s Play 3’. Similarly, the perpetrators of the Columbine massacre in April 1999 allegedly had been playing violent video games before the shootings. However, many argue there are more important factors in the makings of a criminal mind. Biological explanations include damage to the prefrontal...
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...understand computer crime one must understand first what crime is. According to Diana Kendall, "crime is a behavior that violates criminal law and is punishable with fines, jail or other sanctions"(Kendall 1999; 161). Yet since computer technology is so new it has really no laws to govern it. A law is formal norms that are enforced, norms being established rules of behavior. Many of the crimes committed on computers often times go unpunished. As stated by David Pitchford in the London journal Focus when writing on pornography on the Internet, " the only way illegal pornographers can be caught is through chance leads, tip-offs and telephone tracing" (Focus 1995; p10-12). Many of the crimes that are also committed on computers via the Internet are very new also. New subcultures have formed around the Internet for the possibilities it brings. Computer crime despite the many problems it has brought has also brought some needed social controls to the Internet and as stated before some laws have been formed to protect many of the institutions that because of computer crime have become targets for criminals. Body Now that I have briefly explained computer crime, I will go into further depth into explaining computer crime from the different sociological perspective...
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...power,status, identity and so on. The economic system can be characterized by private or public ownership of means of production. The capitalism think anyone can be rich, but not every one can become rich. While the socialism takes the idea that everyone is economically secure, but no one can become extremely wealthy. No matter in what kind of economic system, there are always the rich and poor because of the competition and evolution. The college graduation is diverse under different culture. For example, students hardly get a decent job without college graduation in China, that is why we are encouraged to go to college since we are little. While the college graduation is not that essential for people in some countries. Though the Internet, I found that Russia has the highest percentage of college graduates in the world, with a little more than half of the Russian population holding an undergraduate degree or higher. Next are Canada, Israel and Japan, each of which have 40-50 percent of their population with undergraduate college degrees. The United States ranks 12th out of 36 industrialized nations in terms of college graduates, with less than 40...
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