...In my opinion, the most pressing ethical concern related to using the DSM-5 as a diagnostic tool would be the fact that it sets out to give people medical labels. There are many people who suffer from mental illnesses and No one wants to be labeled because labels lead to people being judged or looked at in a certain way. Labeling also shapes people’s perception of mentally ill persons. The DSM-5 requires that there be a systematic approach in classifying disorders seen in clients using the medical model, which focuses on accurately labeling groups of symptoms. (Whitbourne, 2013). In Ruby Wax’s Ted Talk, she spoke about how others are not able to see the damage that her own struggles have had on her. Often when she was suffering those close...
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...PYC 4802 – ASSIGNMENT 02 UNISA malissahulme@gmail.com 4271-896-1 [Type the fax number] 5/14/2012 MALISSA HULME I will discuss the problems related to assessing and classifying / diagnosing 16 to 20 year olds with patterns of impulsivity, instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image and affect. Contents Introduction 2 DSM-IV Criteria for Borderline Personality Disorder 2 Diagnosis of Borderline Personality Disorders 4 Instruments Available for the Assessment/Diagnosis of Borderline Personality Disorder 5 Problems Related to Assessing and Classifying/Diagnosing 16-20 Year Olds 5 Conclusion 8 Bibliography 9 Introduction I will discuss the problems related to assessing and classifying / diagnosing 16 to 20 year olds with patterns of impulsivity, instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image and affect. These criteria are directed toward a diagnosis of borderline personality disorder. According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (here forth referred to as the DSM-IV-TR) personalities are defined as enduring patterns of perceiving, relating to, and thinking about the environment and oneself. Personality traits are prominent aspects of personality that are exhibited in a wide range of important social and personal contexts. Only when personality traits are inflexible and maladaptive and cause either significant functional impairment or subjective distress do they constitute a Personality Disorder.(Association, 2000) The...
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...alternative to arrest. The provision of Section 136 of the Mental Health Act is meant to remove a person from a public place to a place of safety but often they are left feeling criminalised, vulnerable and distressed reinforcing their paranoia (Mind, 2007) The over presentation of Black people on all types of Mental health Act Sections, not only from police but signed by General Practitioners, psychiatrists and courts would fit in with the conclusion that in a racist society it is left to psychiatry to act as the social moderator of conformity, patrolling the uncomfortable margin between illness and political conflict (Littlewood, 1986) Evidence from various researches has indicated significant racial disparities in mental health in diagnosing and implementing care. These disparities in healthcare start at the point of access when an individual has to fill in forms stating which category they belong to for example White British, Black African/Black Caribbean , Asian, Chinese; these systems limit the opportunity of those deemed inferior groups and enhances the life chances of those superior. The systems promote unequal treatment of racial groups has been a critical factor determining the health of the population and shaping the health outcomes. 1.4 Misdiagnosis Studies show that African Caribbean are more likely to be diagnosed with psychotic disorder and less likely to be diagnosed with an affective disorder resulting in them being prescribed antipsychotics instead. Misdiagnosis...
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...Abstract Learning Disabilities, a problem people are facing in today’s society, can be caused by a variety of factors. Learning Disabilities can be caused by factors such as genetic influences, brain development, and environmental impact. There are many methods used to determine a learning disability. Researchers have pinpointed risks that, if left untreated, can lead to future problems with the person. A history of disorders; behaviors such as pronunciation, cooperation such as turn taking, and keeping focus on a task, are some signs of a learning disability. Treatments are readily available to better these risks. These treatments include special education, speech and language therapy, and in some cases, medications can help to enhance the child’s strengths and weaknesses as well as enhancing their attention and concentration. Why are preschoolers not diagnosed with learning disabilities? Learning disabilities are faced by many people in the world today. Aram, Morris and Hall (1992) define learning disability as the impairment or deviant development of comprehension and/or use of a spoken, written, and/or other symbol system. Someone with a learning disability may have trouble with the form of language such as the use of the phonological, morphologic, and syntactic systems. One may have trouble with language content which includes the grammatical points of language, the sound system of the language, and new vocabulary one will learn. Learning disabilities...
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...Abnormal Psychology LAQs 1. Discuss validity and reliability of diagnosis. Paragraph 1 (Introduction): ● Classification system is said to be reliable when it is possible for 4 different clinicians, using the same system, to arrive at same diagnosis for same individual ● Examples: DSM-4, CCMD, ICD-10 ● Though diagnosis systems use more standardized assessment techniques and more specific diagnostic criteria than in the past, classification system is far from perfect ● Classification system said to be valid when it is able to classify a real pattern of symptoms, which can lead to an effective treatment ● However, problem with this is that the classification system is descriptive and doesn’t identify any specific causes for disorders Paragraph 2 (Study 1): Sane or Insane-Rosenhan (1973) Aim: test reliability of psychiatric diagnosis Procedure: field experiment Part 1 ● 8 healthy people (5 men, 3 women) gained admission to 12 different psychiatric hospitals ● Complained of hearing unclear, unfamiliar voices of same sex repeating words “thud” and “empty” ● Participants said they felt fine after admission to hospital (no more symptoms) Part 2 ● Rosenhan told staff at psychiatric hospital that pseudopatients will try to get admitted ● No pseudopatients were actually sent Results: Part 1 ● 7 diagnosed with schizophrenia ● Took average 19 days for discharge and were classified as “schizophrenia in...
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...Introduction: The first Part of this paper will review the literature to define Classification. Briefly Discuss DSM IV and ICD 10 and list the main categories of clinical disorders. The paper will discuss the main dangers of classification identified as labelling and Stigma which have lifelong implications for those diagnosed with a mental illness. The main advantages of classification such as most appropriate treatment and community education Definition of the Classification system used to Diagnosis Mental illness. As Social workers it important to try and grasp the concepts of how classification of mental illness is arrived at and to have a basic knowledge of the types of mental disorders people can be classified as having so we can understand the basis of a diagnosis. According Mendelson (2001) “Classification refers to ordering of objects into groups on the basis of their relationship. The result is a classificatory system. Nomenclature related to agreed names that have been assigned to disease or syndromes. Taxonomy covers principles and methods underlying the practice of classification. Finally, nosology denotes the conceptual system that supports the strategy of classifying.” ( Mendelson 2001 p. 63) Golightley (2004) text states that classification is an important step towards the diagnosis of a mental disorder. Mental disorder is broken down into various classifications that represent groups or syndromes of symptoms. Thus if a series of symptoms fits into...
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...The connection of ADHD and Social Deviance Julie Alender SOC3400 Social Deviance 5386 W. Calimyrna Fresno, CA 93722 559-312-4823 email: jalender@capellauniversity.edu Instructor: Professor Jennifer Worley Over the past forty years there has been an dramatic increase in the diagnosis of ADHD and ADD in children and adults. There is a dramatic impact on children and their families once the child is diagnosised and labeled as ADHD. The medical industry and pharmaceutical companies have been benefiting from the diagnosis of child and adults with ADHD with the prescriptions of medication and overutilization. ADHD can be considered the medicalization of deviance when the diagnosis removes responsibility from society and the individual who has deviant behavior. This attitude continues the perpetual production of perpetrators of deviance. Medicalization is by definition the extension of medical jurisdiction or the expansion of medical boundaries. Medicalization studies reveal how nonmedical problems become diagnosis as medical. Current perceptions of ADHD and the treatment can be seen as the medicalization of deviance by taking away the accountability of the actions. An example of this deviant behavior is a 38 year old security guard has had 128 job since leaving college. He was diagnosed with ADHD. There is no background given on why the guard was diagnosis with ADHD, but if he didn't show up for work or was lazy that may be a reason...
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...P3 – Explain patterns and trends in health and illness among different social groupings. For this task I have been asked to produce a report to investigate which social groupings are most in need of health and social care services. To assist in the planning of care provision in my report I will be explaining patterns and trends in health and illness among different social groupings identified according to factors such as gender, social class, geographical location, ethnicity and age. SOCIAL CLASS AND PATTERNS OF HEALTH AND ILLNESS Social class is an intricate issue that consists of status, wealth, culture, background and employment. The association between social class and ill health is far from being straight-forward. There are many influences on health and one of them is social class. The Black Report on Inequalities in Health Care was commissioned by the Department of Health in the United Kingdom by Health Minister David Ennals in 1977. They wanted to point out why the NHS was failing to reduce social inequalities in health and to investigate the problems. Ennals would do this by analysing people’s health records and lifestyles from different social class backgrounds. Ennals found that the overall health of the nation had improved but the improvement was not equal across all social class backgrounds. The gap in inequalities in health between the higher and lower social classes was widening. Ethnicity “According to the 2001 census 8% of the UK’s population is...
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...Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy and Social Work Values: A Critical Analysis A. Antonio González-Prendes, Ph.D. Wayne State University aa3232@wayne.edu Kimberly Brisebois Wayne State University Journal of Social Work Values and Ethics, Volume 9, Number 2 (2012) Copyright 2012, White Hat Communications This text may be freely shared among individuals, but it may not be republished in any medium without express written consent from the authors and advance notification of White Hat Communications Abstract Increasing numbers of clinical social workers use cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) in their practice. This article analyzes how CBT fits with social work values and in particular with social justice. We propose that CBT is a good fit with the values of the profession and make suggestions for areas of improvement. Keywords: cognitive-behavioral therapy, social work values, social justice, social work practice 1. Introduction In a day when evidence-based practice has become so important to the social work profession, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) has become one of the most frequently used forms of psychotherapeutic intervention. Extensive research supports the effectiveness of CBT approaches for a wide range of psychosocial issues (Dobson & Dobson, 2009; Granvold, 2011). It is one of the most widely researched and published models of therapy, with more than 325 published outcome studies that validate its efficacy (Butler, Chapman, ...
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...Psychopathology Specific Learning Disorders Table of contents Index Pages Introduction 3 Diagnostic criteria 4 Aetiology 11 Differential diagnosis 14 Comorbodity 16 Prevalence 16 Prevention and Treatment 17 Prognosis 18 Multicultural factors 19 Social factors 19 Conclusion 20 References 21 Stupid Slow Stubborn A tiny fragment of words used, labels for children and people with specific learning disorders. If only they understood Introduction The most basic definition of a specific learning disorder/disability according to Gould (2005) cited in Rörich (2008) is when a learner has an average to above average intelligence, with normal vision and hearing, and receives the same teaching experiences as other learners his age. He, however, underachieves. He is unable to keep up with his peers and generally cannot cope with the demands of the school (pp16). Margari (2013) defines SLD’s as that which are characterizations of academic functioning that are below the level that would be expected given their age, Intelligent Quotient and grade level in school, and interfere significantly with academic performances or daily life activities that require reading, writing or calculation skills. The gist of it, is that specific learning disorders are neurodevelopmental/cognitive disorders that Hulme and Snowling (2009,pp22) define as “typically characterized...
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...PL3236 - Abnormal Unit 3 Notes – Assessment and Diagnosis Term | Info | Intro | * Clinical Assessment - the process of gathering information about a person and his or her environment to make decisions about the nature, status, and treatment of psychological problems * Typically begins with a set of Referral Questions developed in response to a request for help * Determine the goals of the assessment and select appropriate psych tests or measures | Goals of Assessment | * What procedures and instruments to use – age, med condition, and symptoms influence tools – psychologist’s theoretical perspective also affects scope. * Integrate findings to develop preliminary answers – shares this – process sometimes has therapeutic effect – feedback | Screening | * Screening - an assessment process that attempts to identify psychological problems or predict the risk of future problems among people who are not referred for clinical assessment * All members of group are given a brief measure for which some identified cutoff score indicates the possibility of significant problems, e.g. Centre for Epidemiological Studies-D (CES-D) – possibility of depression. * General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) – broad-based – indicates if more thorough evaluation is needed. * AUDIT test – 10-item screen to identify substance abuse * To evaluate usefulness of screening, they must have: * Sensitivity – ability of the screener/instrument to identify a problem that actually exists...
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...ADHD: Kiddie Watch Affecting our Daily Lives Benefits of early intervention for special children stressed Article by: | | IVY LISA F. MENDOZA Manila Bulletin Website If there is one thing that has been proven beneficial to children with special needs, it is early intervention (EI). Experts say that intervention services given early to children with special needs starting from ages 0 to eight years old result to long-term benefits thus minimizing the need for special education and other related services. Among these EI services are therapies (speech, physical, occupational), special education and others. "There are also the humanistic and pragmatic rationales for EI, and the biological fact that the human brain?s plasticity allows it to develop when stimulations are provided,?? revealed Dr. Mark Reysio Cruz III, a developmental and behavioral pediatrician whose work involves children with special needs. Dr. Reysio-Cruz along with Mrs. Susana Gosalvez-Pe, a parent of three children with Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) recently shared their expertise and experience with early intervention, detection and assessment in special education at a symposium. Titled ??Phases to Face: Detection, Assessment and Intervention," the symposium was organized by the master?s in special education class of Dr. Lilia S. Bautista in De La Salle University (DLSU) which aimed to present varying viewpoints in dealing with children with special needs, particularly...
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...1 HLTH 21: Health Education Spring 2012 Course Orientation This course is all about what YOU want and need to know about personal, family, and community health with an emphasis on epidemiology of disease, nutritional behavior, communicable disease, disease prevention, mental health, and substance abuse. It's really up to you to decide how much you want to get out of this course in terms of meeting your personal and professional goals. Learning Outcomes By the end of this course, students should be able to: Assess health behavior choices, apply that information to everyday life for the improvement of individual, family, and community well-being. Identify preconceived ideas about knowledge, values, and behavior that affect health and compare with established research and accepted scientific evidence. How to be Successful in this Course Plan to spend at least 9 hours per week on this course. Login and keep up with readings, discussions, and quizzes on a weekly basis. Click on Course Map and get familiar with it. First, introduce yourself in the Discussion Forum. Before you begin with the Module readings, take some time to get to know your classmates. Click on the Discussion and Private Messages link to the left of your screen. Click on Discussion Forum titled: Introductions Post a message to tell us a little bit about yourself such as your major, degree plans, career goals, hobbies/interests, and why you are taking this course. Read your...
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...Health & Clinical Psychology Healthy Living Stress Dysfunctional Behaviour Disorders [pic] [pic] [pic] Contents • Objectives for the Health and Clinical Psychology module 6 • What is Health Psychology? Careers in Health Psychology 7 • Unit G543: Health and Clinical Psychology 8 • Exemplar exam paper 9 PART A – INFORMATION TO HELP EVALUATE STUDIES • Evaluation sheet for the theories/studies of Health Psychology 10 • Guide for answering part A & part B exam questions 11 PART B – HEALTHY LIVING • Introduction to Healthy Living 14 • Theories of Health Belief 17 • Compliance with a Medical Regime for Asthma (Becker 1978) 18 • Internal versus External Locus of Control (Rotter 1966) 21 • Analysis of Self-Efficacy Theory of Behavioural Change (Bandura and Adams 1977) 23 • Summary of the health belief theories 26 • Comprehension questions for theories of health belief 27 • Part A exam question 28 • Part B exam question 29 • Evaluation sheet of health belief theories/studies 30 Introduction to Health Promotion 31 • Theories of Health Promotion • Chip pan fire prevention (Cowpe 1983) 32 • Legislation-Bicycle helmet laws and educational campaigns (Dannenberg et al. 1993) 34 • Effects of Fear arousal (Janis & Feshbeck 1953) 37 • Summary of the health...
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...Contents Preface Acknowledgments Introduction 1 BRAIN POWER Myth #1 Most People Use Only 10% of Their Brain Power Myth #2 Some People Are Left-Brained, Others Are Right-Brained Myth #3 Extrasensory Perception (ESP) Is a Well-Established Scientific Phenomenon Myth #4 Visual Perceptions Are Accompanied by Tiny Emissions from the Eyes Myth #5 Subliminal Messages Can Persuade People to Purchase Products 2 FROM WOMB TO TOMB Myth #6 Playing Mozart’s Music to Infants Boosts Their Intelligence Myth #7 Adolescence Is Inevitably a Time of Psychological Turmoil Myth #8 Most People Experience a Midlife Crisis in | 8 Their 40s or Early 50s Myth #9 Old Age Is Typically Associated with Increased Dissatisfaction and Senility Myth #10 When Dying, People Pass through a Universal Series of Psychological Stages 3 A REMEMBRANCE OF THINGS PAST Myth #11 Human Memory Works like a Tape Recorder or Video Camera, and Accurate Events We’ve Experienced Myth #12 Hypnosis Is Useful for Retrieving Memories of Forgotten Events Myth #13 Individuals Commonly Repress the Memories of Traumatic Experiences Myth #14 Most People with Amnesia Forget All Details of Their Earlier Lives 4 TEACHING OLD DOGS NEW TRICKS Myth #15 Intelligence (IQ) Tests Are Biased against Certain Groups of People My th #16 If You’re Unsure of Your Answer When Taking a Test, It’s Best to Stick with Your Initial Hunch Myth #17 The Defining Feature of Dyslexia Is Reversing Letters Myth #18 Students Learn Best When Teaching Styles Are Matched to...
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