...com Measuring Customer-Based Restaurant Brand Equity Woo Gon Kim and Hong-Bumm Kim Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly 2004; 45; 115 DOI: 10.1177/0010880404264507 The online version of this article can be found at: http://cqx.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/45/2/115 Published by: http://www.sagepublications.com On behalf of: The Center for Hospitality Research of Cornell University Additional services and information for Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly can be found at: Email Alerts: http://cqx.sagepub.com/cgi/alerts Subscriptions: http://cqx.sagepub.com/subscriptions Reprints: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsReprints.nav Permissions: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav Downloaded from http://cqx.sagepub.com at SAGE Publications on December 2, 2009 © 2004 CORNELL UNIVERSITY DOI: 10.1177/0010880404264507 Volume 45, Issue 2 115-131 ARTICLE 10.1177/0010880404264507 Measuring Customerbased Restaurant Brand Equity Investigating the Relationship between Brand Equity and Firms’ Performance by WOO GON KIM and HONG-BUMM KIM Strong brand equity is significantly correlated with revenues for quick-service restaurants. In a study 394 respondents gauged the strength of seven quickservice restaurant brands doing business in Seoul, Korea. The study tested four elements of brand equity, namely, brand awareness, brand image, brand loyalty, and perceived quality. Of those attributes, brand awareness had the strongest direct effect on revenues...
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...Chapter 8 – Developing a brand equity measurement and management system * Indirect approach: assess potential sources of CBBE by identifying and tracking consumers’ brand knowledge. * Direct approach: assess the actual impact of brand knowledge on consumer response to different aspects of the marketing program. * Brand equity measurement system: set of research procedures designed to provide marketers with timely, accurate, and actionable info about brands so they can make the best possible tactical decisions in the short run and strategic decisions in the long run. * New accountability- return of marketing investment. * Measuring the long-term value of marketing in terms of both its full short term and long-term impact on consumers is crucial for accurately assessing ROI. Brand Audits * Brand audit: a comprehensive examination of a brand to discover its sources of brand equity. Assesses the health of the brand, and suggests ways to improve and leverage its equity. * 2 steps in a brand audit: brand inventory and brand exploratory. * Marketing audit: comprehensive systematic, independent and periodic examination of a company’s marketing environment, objectives, strategies, and activities with a view of determining problem areas and opportunities and recommending a plan of action to improve the company’s marketing performance. * Brand inventory: provides a current profile of how all the products and services sold by a company are marketed...
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...BRAND IMAGE OF ISLAMIC BANKS SUBMITTED BY TARIQ JALEES LT.COL(RETD) RAZA KAMAL ASSISTANT PROFESSOR DIRECTOR ACADEMICS COLLEGE OF MANAGEMENT SCIENCE PAF-KARACHI INSTITUTE OF ECONOMIC AND TECHNOLOGY KORANGI CREEK , KARACHI-75190 WWW.PAFKIET.EDU.PK UAN 111-723-733 TELEPHONE 5091114-7 FAX 92215091118 RESIDENCE ADDRESS OF TARIQ JALEES 87-Q, BLOCK-2, PECHS, KARACHI, RESIDENCE TELEPHONE 9221-4556308 MOBILE 0300-82007019 EMAL TARIQUEJ2004@YAHOO.COM TARIQJ@PAFKIET.EDU.PK 1 BRAND IMAGE OF ISLAMIC BANKS 1.0.0 Introduction What is Islamic banking? What is brand Image? Both the topics independently have been researched, discussed and deliberated so many times that the readers generally don’t fancy reading them. However, there is not a single research to best of our knowledge wherein researchers may have combined both the diversified topics. Lack of research on “brand image of Islamic bank” was one of the major motivator for undertaking this research. Thus the objective of this paper was to measure the brand image of Islamic banks, and develop the profile of the customers of Islamic banks. 1.1.0 Literature Survey In order to develop the conceptual background, the literature review has been structured as follows: 1.1.2 A brief over view on Islamic banking and literature on consumer behavior, characteristics and perception towards Shariah banks A brief overview of branding imaging concept An Overview Islamic Banking There are about 270 Islamic banks around the world (including subsidiaries...
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...MKTG311 Brand Report 30% Manly Council credit: 70/100 Word Count: 2998 Executive Summary This report was commissioned to examine brand management theories and analyse them in regards to a particular case study: Manly Council. Specifically, the research draws attention to Keller’s Brand equity model and the brand-positioning concept that identifies the points of parity and points of difference of a brand in relation to its competitors. Manly council is located eight kilometers from Sydney’s Central Business District and has a population of approximately 40,000. The Council uses a wide variety of marketing strategies to create brand awareness, two of which will be discussed in this report: Brand Positioning through marketing to distinct demographics and Manly Council developing an online presence through social media. The report evaluates the brand theories along side Manly Councils Marketing Strategies and concludes that the brand marketing is consistent and relevant towards attracting people into its district. It is recommended that: * To gain a larger cliental, Manly Council must continue creating awareness of the upgrades and developments being made. * Advertisements should be addressing the needs of more subgroups/demographics. * Combining the social media Facebook forums of Manly council and Hello Manly will form a larger market to create brand awareness. * Updating and monitoring the pages weekly to enhance social activity * Finding...
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...BRAND EQUITY OF FOOD RESTAURANTS IN KARACHI SYED MEHDI RAZA & TARIQ JALEES Abstract The objective of this study was to measure consumers’ perception on the brand equity of the fast food chains operating in Karachi. The selected fast food chains for the purpose of this research were KFC, McDonalds, Subway and Mr. Burger. A closed ended questionnaire based on a liker rating scale was developed. The questionnaire was based on literature survey, and the theoretical framework. The field survey was carried out in October 2004. The final sample size was of 83 respondents. The brand equity of KFC with the mean of 3.95 was highest and the brand equity of Mr. Burger with a mean of 3.13 was lowest. The respondents’ opinions varied normally with standard deviation of 0.69 to 1.02. The developed hypotheses were tested through one way and two- way ANOVA. Subway and Mr. Burger have adopted a niche-focused strategy and it was found that they both are doing well in their respective areas. KFC was found to be the leading brand. McDonalds has to improve a lot in terms of brand image and positioning. It is one of the most marketed and advertised fast food brands in the country and it has not been successful as shown by its relatively low brand equity score. i. Objective of Study The objective of this study is to measure consumers’ perception on the brand equity of the fast food chains operating in Karachi. The selected fast food chains for the purpose of this research...
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...models – similarities and differences Submitted to: Mr Hassan Raza Consumer Based Brand Equity Model CBBE model endorses the fact that the power of a brand in actual lies within the minds of its customers. Various components of the CBBE model act as building blocks to enhance the marketing program of a brand. * Salience represents the bottom of the customer-based brand equity pyramid. This refers to what customers associate with a particular brand. * Performance categorizes brand awareness traits, and the types of products associated with the brand. Company reputation for service and reliability also factor in. * Imagery refers to the company image; it relates to emotional marketing, which has been proven more persuasive than factual approaches. The customer-based brand equity model relies on the description of a company's image and other intangible impressions from the user experience. These might include user profiles, experiences, and how a customer relates to the company or products in general. * Judgments and feelings fall on the next step up of the customer-based brand equity model. Generally, these aspects look at what a customer thinks and how a customer feels about a brand. * Resonance describes the resulting customer loyalty and engagement with the brand. It describes whether a brand has a marked presence in the customers' minds or is just an indistinct blip on their radar screens. BAV Model BAV Model measures the brand value of an entity based...
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...different brands in 5 different categories will be discussed based on their brand equities, brand elements, point of parities (POP) and point of differences (POD). By also analyzing their performance attributes, imagery attributes and applicable secondary associations, their reflection of the past and direction for future marketing activities would be drawn. In order to analyze brand equity , it is necessary to know its sources: brand awareness and brand image, which are the drivers for brand knowledge. Brand awareness' two attributes -brand recognition and brand recall performance - are also going to be discussed by the perspective of 5 brands in this paper. Automobile Tire Category - Michelin Michelin has the second market share in Turkey in the automobile tire category after Brisa. Michelin uses its brand elements effectively. By using the slogan "A better way forward" and consistently featuring its character, Bibendum the Michelin man, Michelin succeeds getting known as one of the highest quality tires. Bibendum could also be seen in its navy logo, where navy stands for trust, control and success. As a comparison based on the brand elements to its biggest rivals, Bridgestone and Lassa, although Michelin's slogan emphasizes better quality, both Bridgestone and Lassa focus on safety. Another point is that neither Bridgestone nor Lassa have a character, and they tend to use black and red as the color of their logos, which represent strength and energy. Building brand equity...
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...Brand A unique and identifiable symbol, association, name or trademark which serves to differentiate competing products or services. Both a physical and emotional trigger to create a relationship between consumers and the product/service. Brand Attributes Functional or emotional associations that are assigned to a brand by its customers and prospects. Brand attributes can be either negative or positive and can have varying degrees of relevance and importance to different customer segments. Brand Audit A comprehensive and systematic examination of all collateral (both tangible and intangible) which relates to a brand. Brand Awareness The proportion of target customers that recall a brand. Realisation by a consumer of the existance and availability of a particular product. Brand awareness is a common measure of marketing communications effectiveness. Unaided awareness is spontaneous; aided or prompted awareness is when the name is recognised among others that are listed or identified. Brand Equity The value - both tangible and intangible that a brand adds to a product/service. Brand Essence The core characteristic that defines a brand. Brand Expansion The exposure of a brand to a broader target customer market, geographic market, or distribution channel. Brand Extension The application of a brand beyond its initial range of products, or outside of its category. This becomes possible when the brand image and attributes have contributed to a perception...
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...Chapter 2 Customer-Based Brand Equity Overview This chapter defines the concept that is the focus of the book. Customer-based brand equity (CBBE) is the differential effect that brand knowledge has on consumer response to the marketing of that brand. Brand knowledge is a function of awareness, which relates to consumers’ ability to recognize or recall the brand, and image, which consists of consumers’ perceptions of and associations for the brand. Building awareness requires repeatedly exposing consumers to the brand as well as linking the brand in consumer memory to its product category and to purchase, usage and consumption situations. Creating a positive brand image requires establishing strong, favorable and unique associations for the brand. The chapter outlines the important contribution of brand knowledge to brand equity. Brand knowledge is composed of brand awareness, which is itself a function of recognition and recall, and brand image, which reflects the associations consumers hold for the brand in memory. Brand awareness is important because 1) it is a necessary condition for inclusion in the set of brands being considered for purchase, 2) in low-involvement decision settings it can be a sufficient condition for choice, and 3) it influences the nature and strength of associations that comprise the brand image. Awareness can be heightened by increasing consumer exposure to the brand and by linking the brand to product category, consumption and usage...
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...EFFECT OF COUNTRY OF ORIGIN ON BRAND EQUITY OF CARS IN INDIA: A STUDY Faculty Guide: Prof. Sandeep Puri Authors: Chandana Mandal, Mohit Jain, Ambika Paliwal, Rohit Iyer, Sahil Gupta INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGY, GHAZIABAD ABSTRACT Marketers and consumer behaviour researchers generally accept that a product’s or brand’s country-of-origin is an important influencing factor in consumer decision-making. Most of the previous studies suggest that country-of- origin information which is indicated by the “Made in ...” label which serves several purposes in consumer decision-making. It acts as a salient attribute in consumer product evaluation. That is, the image that consumers have about a certain country will influence their perceptions of products from that country. Since consumers’ perception of a particular country-of-origin influences their evaluation of products from that country, this will influence their preference, purchase intention and choice of a particular brand and hence has implications on the brand’s equity. In this study the effects of brand’s country-of-origin image on the formation of brand equity in two clusters i.e India and foreign market(African and French market) is studied. Here a high involvement category of Cars has been selected. Introduction In the arena of global marketing, building strong brands has become a top priority for marketers. Beyond, the marketing mix variables (advertising, distribution, price and product quality), the consumer’s...
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...T.C. MARMARA ÜN VERS TES SOSYAL B L MLER ENST TÜSÜ ŞLETME ANAB L M DALI ÜRET M YÖNET M VE PAZARLAMA ( NG) B L M DALI THE EFFECT OF BRANDING ON CONSUMER PURCHASE INTENTION: A STUDY IN TURKISH APPAREL INDUSTRY Yüksek Lisans Tezi ŞULE DEM R stanbul, 2008 MARMARA ÜN VERS TES SOSYAL B L MLER ENST TÜSÜ ŞLETME ( NG) ANAB L M DALI ÜRET M YÖNET M VE PAZARLAMA ( NG) B L M DALI THE EFFECT OF BRANDING ON CONSUMER PURCHASE INTENTION: A STUDY IN TURKISH APPAREL INDUSTRY Yüksek Lisans Tezi ŞULE DEM R Danışman: YRD. DOÇ.DR. A. MÜGE YALÇIN stanbul, 2008 GENEL B LG LER sim ve Soyadı Anabilim Dalı Programı Tez Danışmanı Tez Türü ve Tarihi : Şule DEM R : şletme : Üretim Yönetimi ve Pazarlama ( ng.) : Yrd. Doç.Dr. A. Müge YALÇIN : Yüksek Lisans - Temmuz 2008 Anahtar Kelimeler : Marka Çağrışımları, Marka Öğeleri, Marka Değeri, Giyim Sektörü, Tekstil Sektörü, Markaya Karşı Tutum, Satın Alma Niyeti ÖZET MARKANIN TÜKET C SATIN ALMA N YET NE ETK S : TÜRKIYE G Y M SEKTÖRÜ ÜZER NDE B R ARAŞTIRMA Bu çalışma, Türkiye hazır giyim sektöründeki marka çağrışımları ve marka öğeleri ile satın alma niyeti arasındaki ilişkileri incelemektedir. Bu amaçla, marka çağrışımları ve marka öğelerinin 1980 – 1990 yılları arasında doğan gençlerin satın alma niyeti ile ilişkileri ortaya konulmuştur. Çalışmanın çerçevesini belirlemeden önce Türkiye hazır giyim sektörünün durumu ve 1980 – 1990 arasında doğan gençlerin eğilimlerini saptayabilmek amacıyla literature araştırması yapılmıştır...
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...Designing and Implementing Brand Architecture Strategies DEVELOPING A BRAND ARCHITECTURE STRATEGY Definition: Brand Strategy/Brand Architecture tells marketers which brand name, logos, symbols and so forth to apply to new and existing products. Brand Architecture: It describes both brand breath or boundaries and its depth or complexity The Role of Brand Architecture: * To clarify brand awareness: Improve consumer understanding and communicate similarity and differences between individual products and services. * To improve brand image: Maximize transfer of equity between the brand and individual products and services to improve trial and repeat purchase. 3 Steps of Developing a brand architecture strategy: Step 1: Defining Brand Potential Define the brand potential by considering three important characteristics (1) the brand vision, (2) brand boundaries, (3) brand positioning. Articulating Brand vision: * Brand vision = Management view of brands long-term potential * Influenced by: * how well the firm is able to recognize the current and passive future brand equity. * Many firms have latent brand equity * that is never realized because the firms are unable or unwilling to consider all that the brand could and should become. * A good brand vision has a foot in present and future * Brand vision needs to be aspirational * so has room to grow and improve * Fundamentally brand visions relates the higher order...
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...Chapter 1 BRAND POSITIONING MODEL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Chapter 2 BRAND RESONANCE MODEL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Chapter 3 BRAND VALUE CHAIN MODEL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 CONCLUSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 APPENDIX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 B R A N D P L A N N I N G 5 INTRODUCTION Great brands are no accidents. They are a result of thoughtful and imaginative planning. Anyone building or managing a brand must carefully develop and implement creative brand strategies. To aid in that planning, three tools or models are helpful. Like the famous Russian nesting “matrioshka” dolls, the three models are inter-connected and become larger and increasing in scope: The first model is a component into the second model; the second model, in turn, is a component into the third model. Combined, the three models provide crucial micro and macro perspectives to successful brand building. Specifically, the three models are as follows, to be described in more detail below: 1. Brand positioning model describes how to establish competitive advantages in the minds of customers in the marketplace; 2. Brand resonance model describes how to create intense, activity loyalty relationships with customers; and 3. Brand value chain...
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...V: Global Branding and adverting Clarify and standardize Heineken brand image worldwide Executive summary Heineken N.V is a global brand symbol of premiumness, taste, and tradition worldwide. It started soon granting license across the world. As its creator, Gerad Adriaan Heineken said: “ I will leave no stone unturned in attempting to continuously supply beer of the highest quality”. And he succeeded, across all markets, the Heineken N.V brand was acknowledged “as a lighter beer of superior quality” Despite this worldwide recognition, Heineken could become a “global premium brand” with a strategic brand management. Heineken was sorely lacking of a standardized brand image worldwide; it has been perceived differently from market to market. However, through project comet and Mosa, Heineken find common perceived values of its brand across all markets. So it should build a global branding strategy. As there remained substantial differences in the evolutionary cycles on markets development and in consumers’ consumption, preferences and behaviour, Heineken must also build a local approach. It need to think” Glocal”, and to meet customer perceived value at least in each country. It must convey a brand identity through every available of marketing mix variable; in everything the company does in order to build brand equity. To do so Heineken should build a flexible strategy to handle the image brand management for local marketers. It should have both centralization and...
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...305–313 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Business Research Brand extension feedback: The role of advertising ☆ Eva Martínez a,⁎, Teresa Montaner b,1, José M. Pina a,2 a b Departamento de Economía y Dirección de Empresas, Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales, Gran Vía 2, Zaragoza 50005, Spain Departamento de Economía y Dirección de Empresas, Escuela Universitaria de Estudios Empresariales, María de Luna S/N Edificio Lorenzo Normante, Zaragoza 50018, Spain A R T I C L E I N F O A B S T R A C T Firms often use brand extensions as a way of introducing their new products, although they also risk diluting their brand image. In order to understand how consumers assess extensions and extended brands, the present work proposes and estimates a theoretical model, using the structural equation methodology. The results of the estimation indicate that the attitude towards the extension influences brand image and that this attitude is a consequence of the initial brand beliefs and the coherence of the new product. A multisample analysis also reveals that favoring the introduction of extensions through adequate advertising constitutes an efficient way of protecting brand image. © 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Article history: Received 1 May 2007 Received in revised form 1 February 2008 Accepted 1 May 2008 Keywords: Brand extensions Brand image Brand equity Advertising 1. Introduction Launching new products is a business activity...
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