...persecute another religion for being "wrong" ironically puts the persecuting religion in the wrong, undermining its own legitimacy.( Toynbee, Arnold (1947). "Failure of Self-Determination". In Dorothea Grace Somervell. A Study of History: Abridgment of Volumes I - VI. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. p. 300. ISBN 0-19-505081-9.). Contemporary attitude and practice The constitutions of some countries contain provisions expressly forbidding the state from engaging in certain acts of religious intolerance or preference within its own borders; examples include The First Amendment of the United States Constitution - (the exception being "manifest destiny" which was manufactured by the prevailing powers as well as the church, to suspend this "right" for all North American indigenous peoples, most notably during the 1800s and well into the 1900s. This is evidenced by the brutality of the infamous boarding schools designed to "kill the Indian; save the man" by erasing all manner of religious practice, language, culture, traditions, and beliefs). Article 4 of the Basic Law of Germany, Article 44.2.1 of the Constitution of The Republic of Ireland, Article 40 of the Estonian...
Words: 3902 - Pages: 16
...form of government. Islamic countries mainly adopt Sharia law or Islamic legal system, for instance; Sharia law system is applied in Iran. Another example, in former ottoman, Islamic legal system was substantially implemented depending on Quran, Sunnah, ijma and ijtihad, but especially after the Tanzimat Edict in 1839, the Ottoman Empire gradually began to adopt European law (beginning of democratization); on the other hand, there is independence of the judicial system due to the separation of powers in democratic countries. Separation of powers is an indispensable part of the democratic countries. Separation of powers consists of legislative, executive and judiciary. Briefly, duty of legislative makes the laws. Duty of executive implements the laws. Another part of the separation of powers; judiciary makes trial depending on the law. Judiciary is the most important organ of the separation of powers, and independence of the judiciary is essential in democratic countries. What is independence of the judiciary? Independence of the judiciary is basically separately from the legislative and executive branches . So, what is the level of independent judgment in democratic countries? We will talk about the American legal and judicial system in this article. American legal system was adopted in 1789; it governs according to the constitution of the United States. All the rules of the legal system are established in the constitution such as the operation of courts, assignment of judges...
Words: 2982 - Pages: 12
...The United States of America —A Presidential Regime The United States of America is a country in which the President, the Congress, and the Federal Courts share powers according to the US Constitution. The federal government shares sovereignty with the all of the individual state governments, of which there are 50. It is a presidential Democratic System of Government. Branches of the Government: The President is the head of the executive branch and is separate and independent of both the legislature and the judiciary branches. The election for President is held every 4 years in the month of November. An elected president can serve 2 terms which limits him to 8 years of service. The president has a cabinet and they act as a group of advisers...
Words: 1657 - Pages: 7
.......................................................3 The Holy War of Jihad.....................................................................................................................3 Slavery is Acceptable......................................................................................................................4 72 Virgins in Paradise for a Martyr.................................................................................................4 ISIS Members are Muslims..........................................................................................................4-5 Jesus is Unrelated to Islam.............................................................................................................5 Sharia Law is Cruel.......................................................................................................................5-6 Islam Oppresses Muslim Women...................................................................................................6 Islam Promotes Polygamy...........................................................................................................6-7 Hijab is a Form of Oppression.........................................................................................................7 All Muslims are Arabs.....................................................................................................................7 Islam Allows Forced Marriages.........................................
Words: 2071 - Pages: 9
...Cultural Constitution of Personality Why examine personality in light of culture? A cultural approach is like a device that will allow us to image the various social worlds-sets of culture specific meanings and practices-that continually afford and maintain individual behavior. A cultural approach can illuminate what has also been hidden, at least within an individualist culture; it makes visible the systems of meanings and practices- the language, the collective representations, the metaphors, the social scripts, the social structures, the policies; the institutions, the artifacts-within which people come to think and feel and act. For example, cross-cultural comparisons have show that Western theories of attribution processes do not apply well to non-Western populations, but distinctions between the sexes appear to be cultural universals. During the history of cross-cultural comparisons, the direction of “transport and test” process was one way: research based on Western theories was tested in non-Western cultures. Unfortunately, this approach yielded a distorted picture of human nature, particularly of the non-Western society. This research yielded inconsistent results and failed to shed much light on the psychological realities of the non-Western society. The articulation of a truly universally understanding of human nature and personality therefore also requires the development of theories of behavior originating in all non-Western societies. Cross-cultural research...
Words: 1125 - Pages: 5
...In pre-Islamic times, apart from a small number of urban trading settlements (such as Mecca and Medina), most of what was to become Saudi Arabia was populated by nomadic tribal societies in the inhospitable desert.[38] The Islamic prophet, Muhammad, was born in Mecca in about 571 A.D. In the early 7th century, Muhammad united the various tribes of the peninsula and created a single Islamic religious polity. Following his death in 632, his followers rapidly expanded the territory under Muslim rule beyond Arabia, conquering huge swathes of territory (from the Iberian Peninsula in west to modern day Pakistan in east) in a matter of decades. In so doing, Arabia soon became a politically peripheral region of the Muslim world as the focus shifted to the more developed conquered lands.[39] From the 10th century to the early 20th century Mecca and Medina were under the control of a local Arab ruler known as the Sharif of Mecca, but at most times the Sharif owed allegiance to the ruler of one of the major Islamic empires based in Baghdad, Cairo or Istanbul. Most of the remainder of what became Saudi Arabia reverted to traditional tribal rule.[40][41] In the 16th century, the Ottomans added the Red Sea and Persian Gulf coast (the Hejaz, Asir and Al-Ahsa) to the Empire and claimed suzerainty over the interior. One reason was to thwart Portuguese attempts to attack the Red Sea (hence the Hejaz) and the Indian Ocean.[42] Ottoman degree of control over these lands varied over the next four...
Words: 7082 - Pages: 29
...machinery of law disappears. This is the immediate problem. Second, welfare dependence and collapse. This is the underlying problem. Third, ethnic division, particularly between Islamic and non-Islamic society, and the violence at the heart of Islamic doctrine. This is the most visible problem, and the one that people will blame. Together, these three problems risk creating the conditions for lawless violence. Political and intellectual elites are undermining our laws and freedoms. So we need to take what action we can to preserve them ourselves. The Law and Freedom Foundation is not associated with the English Defense League ------------------------------------------------- Law Law is a term which does not have a universally accepted definition,[2] but one definition is that law is a system of rules and guidelines which are enforced through social institutions to govern behaviour.[3] Laws can be made by legislatures through legislation (resulting instatutes), the executive through decrees and regulations, or judges through binding precedents (normally in common law jurisdictions). Private individuals can create legally binding contracts, including (in some jurisdictions) arbitration agreements that exclude the normal court process. The formation of laws themselves may be influenced by a constitution(written or unwritten) and the rights encoded therein. The law shapes politics, economics, and society in various ways and serves as a...
Words: 4167 - Pages: 17
...We have been focusing upon how those in terrorist leadership positions communicate their agenda to those within their organizations, their affiliates, and to the world at large. Focusing upon Osama bin Laden, how would you compare and contrast his ability to communicate and exert influence upon these various audiences from the years preceding 9/11 until his death? Summary Al Qaeda leaders and affiliates have conducted sophisticated public relations and media campaigns since the mid-1990s. Terrorism analysts believe that these campaigns have been designed to elicit psychological reactions and communicate complex political messages to a global audience as well as to specific subpopulations in the Islamic world, the United States, Europe, and Asia. Some officials and analysts believe that Al Qaeda’s messages contain signals that inform and instruct operatives to prepare for and carry out new attacks. Bin Laden and other leading Al Qaeda figures have referred to their public statements as important primary sources for parties seeking to understand Al Qaeda’s ideology and political demands. Global counterterrorism operations since 2001 appear to have limited Bin Laden’s ability to provide command and control leadership to Al Qaeda operatives and affiliated groups. Other Al Qaeda leaders and affiliates continue to release statements that encourage and provide guidance for terrorist operations. Iraq has become a focal point for jihadist rhetoric, underscoring Al Qaeda...
Words: 9653 - Pages: 39
...Overview: Our Research Topic Be it in film, magazines or even fiction, pornography has always been a controversial topic. It is many things to many people: a guilty pleasure, a shameful addiction, a stress relief, foreplay, an obscene creation or even a vulgar pastime. However, as time passes, pornography is becoming decreasingly taboo, and this could result in a significant impact on societal values and perceptions. Introduction: Questions and Objectives Long has there been war between those who are for pornography and those against it. Is pornography harmful or harmless? Just what are the effects of pornography on society? Is it just simply a harmless way to release pent-up lust or does it play a big role in shaping society? Could minutes of watching pornography a day affect society in a big way - say for instance, the rates of sexual crimes like rape, molest and sexual harassment? In this essay, we will attempt to prove that there is a strong and direct correlation between pornography and sexual crimes by critically examining the arguments provided before we draw a conclusion. Our hypothesis is that, indeed, increased pornography viewer-ship will cause a rise in sexual crimes. This is an easy conclusion to draw, as one would expect those who frequent pornography to be more sexually imaginative, active and accepting as compared to people who would normally not watch pornography. We are tackling this topic by firstly examining the research done and secondly...
Words: 4232 - Pages: 17
...FOREIGN EXCHANGE POLICY EXIM BANK LIMITED A CRITICLE EVALUATION (Internship Report) Supervisor Mr. Bazlur Rahman Lecturer Department of Marketing Studies & International marketing University of Chittagong Prepared By Md Sarwar kamal Roll: R 143042 Department of Marketing Studies & International marketing University of Chittagong March 2008 LETTER OF SUBMISSION Date: February 08, 2008 To Chairman Department of Marketing Studies &International Marketing University of Chittagong. Through, Supervisor Department of Marketing Studies &International Marketing University of Chittagong. Sub : Submission of Internship Report. Dear Sir, Here is my report on “Foreign Exchange policy of EXIM BANK Limited : A Critical Evaluation ” submitted to your honor. A methodological research was conducted to prepare the report for fulfillment of the requirement of Internship Program, an integral part to the academic curriculum for MBA. This report has been prepared on the basis of the findings out of the research work with practical knowledge, which includes collection of primary and secondary data, discussion with the executives and study on relevant books and publications. I have studied on relevant issues and tried to highlight the pros and cons of it accordingly in this regard. I have also tried to reflect all the findings of my study in this report to the point to make it a rich one. I would like to express...
Words: 15498 - Pages: 62
...China The first one is the economy. China's economy has been typically the best-performing economy or among the best-performing economies in the world since 1979 when reforms began, averaging about 7 percent growth. One note of concern, though, is that those conditions that allowed that 7 percent growth are not likely to be prevalent in the years to come, because for over 30 years, China has relied extensively on lower wage rates and export-driven growth. But wage rates have been bid up, as happens; the Chinese are victims of their own success, you could say. And secondly, the rest of the countries in the world are not going through high rates of growth, and they’re not going to be importing the way they had been historically. So, that formula isn’t going to be as successful going forward as it has been. China needs to shift away from an export-driven economy to more of a consumption model. It needs to be mindful about funding its state-owned enterprises, about subsidizing state-owned companies. It needs to lessen its reliance on low-end manufacturing and move up the value chain. By the way, these aren’t my observations; these are observations by Chinese leadership. If you follow any Chinese leader’s speech on China’s economic transformation, these are the points he’ll make. We would call that market rationalism or just normal evolution as a country rises to middle-income status. But there are also some countervailing impulses. There’s a strong streak of economic nationalism;...
Words: 31136 - Pages: 125
...Unit 1 McDonald’s is the world’s largest fast food chain that is originated in California, USA. Ray Kroc became a franchisee of the McDonald brothers (Dick and Mac) and began opening new restaurants, buying all the rights to the McDonald's concept in 1961 for $2.7 million. McDonald’s Corporation give the franchise to Golden Arches Restaurant Sdn Bhd to operate McDonald’s restaurants in Malaysia and the first outlet was opened in April 1982 at Jalan Bukit Bintang, Kuala Lumpur. McDonalds mission is “To be our customers' favourite place and way to eat” and their vision is to be the world's best quick service restaurant experience. Being the best means providing outstanding quality, service, cleanliness, and value, so that we make every customer in every restaurant smile. The operations in McDonald’s Malaysia are affected with the government regulation on the regulation of fast food operation. As a certified fast food operator, there are many regulations and procedures that McDonalds should follow. For example is the Halal certification that becomes a concern to Muslim consumers. McDonalds protect its integrity and consumer confidence by ensuring all materials and process are as claimed or must followed. The economic condition and growth of the country also is an important indicator to the demand of products that McDonalds offered. As the food priced slightly above normal foods, not many people will have the income range to consume the products. McDonalds faced government...
Words: 4509 - Pages: 19
...Introduction International human resources management (IHRM) may be defined as the total knowledge, skills, innovative abilities, and aptitudes of an organization's workforce, as well as the attitudes, values, and beliefs of the individuals involved in the affairs of the organization. It is the heart and soul of business’s or organization’s success. According to Think+Up, “Human resource management is a business function focusing on the staffing needs and responsibilities of a company. Because employees are often the largest business asset in a company, companies may spend copious amounts of time and effort evaluating their human resource management systems”. In today’s organizations, to guarantee their viability and ability to contribute, IHRM managers need to think of themselves as strategic partners. In this role, the IHRM person contributes to the development of and the accomplishment of the organization’s business plan and objectives. The IHRM business objectives are established to support the attainment of the overall strategic business plan and objectives. The tactical IHRM representative is deeply knowledgeable about the design of work systems in which people succeed and contribute. This strategic partnership impacts IHRM services such as the design of work positions hiring, reward, recognition and strategic pay, performance development, appraisal systems, career and succession planning, and employee development (Heathfield, n.d.). The globalization of human resource...
Words: 4261 - Pages: 18
...2011 www.HAFsite.org March 12, 2012 “All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights.” “One should never do that to another which one regards as injurious to one’s own self. This, in brief, is the rule of dharma. Yielding to desire and acting differently, one becomes guilty of adharma.” “Thus, trampling on every privilege and everything in us that works for privilege, let us work for that knowledge which will bring the feeling of sameness towards all mankind.” Swami Vivekananda, “The Complete works of Swam Vivekananda,” Vol 1, p. 429 Mahabharata XII: 113, 8 Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1948, Article 1 "All men are brothers; no one is big, no one is small. All are equal." Rig Veda, 5:60:5 © Hindu American Foundation 2012 Endorsements of Hindu American...
Words: 82692 - Pages: 331
... United Arab Emirates. The United Arab Emirates is a Middle East country that is located in between Saudi Arabia and Oman. It is in the eastern part of the Arabian Peninsula. UAE has a total land area of 36,278 square miles. (Daily Almanac, 2012). Saudi Arabia borders UAE in the west and south, Qatar borders it in the north and Oman to the west. The United Arab Emirates is made up of seven emirates bound by an official constitution. The seven emirates are also the seven Trucial states which are Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Umm al-Qaiwain, Ras al-Khaiman, Sharjah, Ajman, and Fujairah. They were brought together under one government on 2nd December, 1971. (Daily Almanac, 2012). Abu Dhabi is the largest of them and it is also the official capital. It makes up 85% of the total land area of the country. The smallest emirate is Ajman. The government of UAE consists of a president, prime minister and the seven emirates are each headed by emirs. The culture and tradition of the UAE is strongly structured on Islamic rules and laws. (Daily Almanac, 2012). Almost all indigenes of the UAE are Muslim by religion; Islam is the national religion in the Arab land. Issues concerning marriage, divorce, inheritance, economics, politics, and personal conduct are governed by Sharia (Islamic) law. A majority of UAE Muslims are Sunnis and the minority sect is the Shi’a. There is a mixed population that consists of people from different...
Words: 2316 - Pages: 10
