...Innovation Systems through Quantitatve and Qualitative Research As with many aspects of social sciences, assessing innovation is easier said than done. It is necessary to properly understand the dynamics of innovation There are various ways of studying innovation. In particular, innovation systems help put innovation into a broader context. The first step to better understanding innovation is to understand what exactly an innovation system is. However, even when defining something as simple as an defining an innovation system, there isn’t a full consensus. H Lundvall (1992) and Edquist (1997) put forward the idea that innovation should be studied as a dynamic and holistic process involving institutions, organizations and...
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...The difference between Quantitative Research and Qualitative Research Quantitative Research is based on the quantitative measurements of some characteristics. It is applicable to phenomena that can be measures in terms of quantities. Early forms of research originated in the natural sciences such as biology, chemistry, physics, geology etc and is concerned with investigating things that could be observed and measured. Such observations and measurements can be made objectively and repeated by other researchers. This type of research tells us how often or how many people behave in a certain way. Quantitative Research is a more logical and detailed approach which provides a measure of what people think from a statistical and numerical point of view. It can gather a large amount of data that can be easily organised and manipulated into reports for analysis. Qualitative Research on the other hand is concerned with qualitative phenomena i.e. phenomena relating to or involving quality or kind. It is especially important in the behavioural sciences like psychology, sociology, anthropology etc where the aim is to discover the underlying motives of human behaviour. This type of research aims at discovering the underlying motives and desires. Qualitative research attempts to increase our understanding of why things are the way they are in our social world and why people act the way they do. Its aim is to help us understand the world in which we live and why things are the way they...
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...look at two major research methods namely quantitative research and qualitative research method. The purpose of this essay is to analyze four main differences between quantitative and qualitative research. Amongst the key points to be examined in this essay include the difference in the data format, difference in their analytical objectives and flexibility in their study design. To fully understand, the foregoing essay there is need to define the term Research. Leedy and Ormrod (2001), define research as the process of collecting, analyzing and interpreting data in order to understand a phenomenon. Allaga and Gunderson (2000), defines Quantitative Research as explaining phenomena by collecting numerical data that are analyzed using mathematically based (in particular statistics). Creswell (2002), posits that Quantitative research uses mathematical models as methodology of data analysis, he further asserts that if there are no numbers involved, then it’s not quantitative. Qualitative research is an unfolding model that occurs in the natural setting that enables the researcher to a level of detail from high involvement in the actual experiences, Creswell (2003). Bryman (2008) asserts that qualitative research aims to generate a theory through making new concepts in observing social practices and events in depths and it provides a great deal of descriptive writing. To begin with, one of the differences between quantitative and qualitative research is their research goals or aims...
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...American InterContinental University Abstract This paper is about the difference between qualitative data and quantitative data. If also will show how a qualitative data chart looks like and how the information is retrieved, it shows what type of information is put in a quantitative chart and how it is also retrieved. What standard deviation and variance is? Why charts and graphs are important tool for communicating facts and figures? Introduction The data that I chose for the qualitative data was the gender, and the quantitative data that I chose was the intrinsic. In this essay you will learn what the differences between qualitative data and quantitative data is? Why graphs and charts are so important in businesses and why they are used in communicating the facts? Chosen Variables The data that I have chosen is the gender and the intrinsic. The gender is qualitative data and the intrinsic is the quantitative data. Difference in variable types The difference between qualitative and quantitative variables is the qualitative has no value or is just a label where the quantitative has a value. The qualitative is a label there is no value of information to be measured. Qualitative is a non numerical measurement on a set of people or objects (Segal, 2011). Quantitative is numerical measurement for a set of people or objects (Segal, 2011). Descriptive statistics: Qualitative variable | | Qualitative by Gender | | male | 30 | 1 | | female | 10 | 2 | | | | ...
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...Differences between qualitative and quantitative research methods Source: SEEP-AIMS 2000 Learning from Clients: Assessment Tools for microfinance practitioners. Washington, DC: AIMS/Management Systems International () Quantitative and Qualitative Methods As outlined in the previous chapter, the AIMS/SEEP approach to impact assessment by and for practitioners combines quantitative and qualitative techniques. The Impact Survey and Client Exit Survey are categorized as quantitative tools because they collect standardized information by asking exactly the same questions to clients and organizing their answers into quantifiable response categories. The individual Loan Use Strategies Over Time and Client Empowerment interviews and the Client Satisfaction focus group discussions are qualitative instruments that gather more detailed information through a more flexible, in-depth dialogue with clients. AIMS believes that these two categories of tools are complementary, each providing different types of information that enable evaluators to gain a more complete, richer picture of impact than would be possible with only one. This chapter's overview to quantitative and qualitative approaches presents the differences between the two techniques and provides general guidelines for their application. The interviewers' roles and responsibilities for both quantitative and qualitative techniques outlined here apply to all the corresponding tools presented in this manual. Quantitative? Qualitative...
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...Qualitative vs. Quantitative Analysis When research is being conducted you must gather data. “Data are the facts and figures collected, analyzed, and summarized for presentation and interpretation” (Anderson, Sweeney & Williams, 2005, 5.) You must differentiate the type of data before you can analyze it. “There are basically two ways to go about an analysis, qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis” ("Difference between qualitative," 2011). “You can use both qualitative and quantitative reports to track the work performance of individuals, business units and your workforce as a whole” (Ciaran, John). Each type of data has its own advantages and many times analyzers use a combination of both types of data to make decisions. Qualitative and quantitative data are important to gather because they provide different outcomes. These are often used together when analyzing in order to get a full picture of a population. Qualitative data is either on the “nominal or ordinal scale of measurement and may be nonnumeric or numeric” (Anderson, Sweeney & Williams, 2005, 7.). This type of data focuses on interpreting raw data. This type of data is also known as “categorical” data. Qualitative data can be used to evaluate investments or other business opportunities. This type of data can also assist when it comes to decision making. Some believe qualitative analysis is “the foundation of a broad array of investment and financial decision-making methods” ("Qualitative analysis...
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...Qualitative and Quantitative research There are numerous differences between qualitative and quantitative measurement. Quantitative Research Quantitative Research options have been predetermined and a large number of respondents are involved. By definition, measurement must be objective, quantitative and statistically valid. Simply put, it’s about numbers, objective hard data. The sample size for a survey is calculated by statisticians using formulas to determine how large a sample size will be needed from a given population in order to achieve findings with an acceptable degree of accuracy. Generally, researchers seek sample sizes which yield findings with at least a 95% confidence interval (which means that if you repeat the survey 100 times, 95 times out of a hundred, you would get the same response), plus/minus a margin error of 5 percentage points. Many surveys are designed to produce a smaller margin of error. Qualitative Research Qualitative Research is collecting, analyzing, and interpreting data by observing what people do and say. Whereas, quantitative research refers to counts and measures of things, qualitative research refers to the meanings, concepts, definitions, characteristics, metaphors, symbols, and descriptions of things. Qualitative research is much more subjective than quantitative research and uses very different methods of collecting information, mainly individual, in-depth interviews and focus groups. The nature of this type of research is exploratory...
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...Quantitative Vs. Qualitative Research Name University Affiliation Course Tutor Date Quantitative research is a logically observed examination of observable phenomena through the mathematical and statistical approach. The quantitative research goal is to formulate and employ mathematical theories, hypotheses and mathematical models relating to the phenomena. Quantitative research central process is measurement as it offers the essential linkage involving relationships. The research has data that is in numerical terms like percentages and statistics. The researcher evaluates the data with the aid of statistics hoping the number will yield an impartial outcome that can be used in generalizing a huge population (Patten, 2009). Quantitative research is applicable in the studies interested in establishing the impact of a hand-washing curriculum on grade school children. It applies to such example because quantitative research tests theory, its cause and the effect of the theory correlation. Quantitative research is an outstanding approach to finalizing outcomes and attesting an assumption. The method is standard across numerous scientific field and discipline because its structure has not changed. The approach leads to a comprehensive solution that can be discussed and published subsequent to a statistical examination of results. The design experiments filter out exterior factors when appropriately structured leading to acquiring...
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...evidence-based practice has improved patient outcomes. State the study and its impact on patient care. How have these findings changed your nursing practice? Please support your response with a minimum of two supporting peer reviewed articles. NRS-433V Module 1 DQ 2 What similarities and differences can you identify between the nursing process and the research process? NRS-433V Module 2 DQ 1 The theoretical foundations of qualitative and quantitative methods are very different, but many researchers believe both methods should be used in the research study to increase validity and reliability. What advantages or disadvantages do you see in using both types of methods in a nursing study? Support your answer with current evidence-based literature. NRS-433V Module 2 DQ 2 Nursing research is used to study a dilemma or a problem in nursing. Examine a problem you have seen in nursing. Why should it be studied? Justify your rationale. NRS-433V Module 3 DQ 1 The three types of qualitative research are phenomenological, grounded theory, and ethnographic research. What are the differences and similarities between two of the three types of studies? NRS-433V Module 3 DQ 2 Qualitative data has been described as voluminous and sometimes overwhelming to the researcher. In what ways could a researcher manage and organize the data? NRS-433V Module 4 DQ 1 Extraneous variables may have an influence on the dependent variable. In what ways do researchers attempt to control extraneous...
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...Quantitative and Qualitative Research Most of the people who are conducting a research are not aware of the difference between qualitative and quantitative method, these two terms are the most important element in a research. Many mistakes are made since most people think that they can use both elements interchangeably. Both methods have their own explanation, although two of them are used in a research but they can’t be used together in one research. Catherine M. Castellan (2010, Vol. 2, No. 2, p. 4) assumes that “quantitative and qualitative research programs claim different philosophical perspectives, and correspondingly, work with different underlying assumptions.” A research of “Qualitative versus Quantitative Methods: Understanding Why Qualitative Methods are superior for Criminology and Criminal Justice” is made by Richard Tewksbury, University of Louisville on a Journal of Theoretical and Philosophical Criminology, Vol. 1 (1) 2009. In this research of criminology and criminal justice, Richard Tewksbury (2009, Vol. 1) stated that “because of the unique contributions – depth of understandings being primary -- that qualitative methods can provide it is argued that such approaches should be used more frequently, be more frequently and strongly valued and seen as unique, often superior approaches to the creation of criminological and criminal justice knowledge.” A quantitative research is an explanatory research that’s mainly used to identify a problem in a research by...
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...5. Explain the differences between qualitative and quantitative variables. Give an example of qualitative and quantitative variables. Qualitative variables are nonnumeric and categorical. A quantitative variable is the information is reported numerically. Quantitative variable when the variable studied indicates how many and how much. Example of qualitative is a type of car and for the quantitative variables is the number of runner in the marathon. 6. Explain the difference between a sample and a population Population is the entire of individuals or objects of interest or the measurements obtained from all individuals or objects of interest. A sample taken from population, so that’s mean the sample is a proportion. 7. Explain the difference between a discrete and a continuous. Give an example of each not included in the text. Discrete variables can assume only certain values, and there are gap between values. There is no decimal in the discrete variables. Example of discrete variables is the number of students who obtained grade A in English. Continuous variables can be in decimal point. An example of continuous variables is the amount of currency exchange between two countries. a. the name of their cell phone provider ( AT&T, Verizon and so on)- the level of scale for this data is NOMINAL because it is categorically divide, there is no particular order to the name of their cell phone provider. b. the numbers of minutes used last month (200, 400, for example)-...
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... |Contrast | |Quantitative Research |-Requires the collection, analysis, and |-Research is deductive, logical or | | |reporting of data. |reasonable. | | |-Reporting data consist of supplying |-A hypothesis is needed to begin research. | | |readers with participant information, data |- The researcher is ideally an objective | | |patterns, recognition of biases, and |observer that neither participates in nor | | |further research to be conducted |did influence what is being study (Barnes, | | |surrounding the topic. |2005). | |Qualitative Research |-Requires the collection, analysis, and |-Research is inductive...
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...Qualitative and Quantitative Abstract Quantitative and qualitative research designs have many different points that lead them down different paths to achieve results. In this paper an argument will be presented to show a few of the differences among these designs. First the goal of investigation for both qualitative and quantitative research will be explained to give understanding of what the researcher hopes to find out. Then the data collection will be analyzed and compared to show the difference in results. Finally the focus the research of both designs will explain why they are effective and their downfalls in certain situations. Introduction Qualitative and qualitative research designs are respectably different in comparison along with the type of results found. Although qualitative research is rooted in the social sciences it is “research conducted in a natural setting that seeks to understand a complex human behavior by developing a complete narrative description of that behavior” (Davis & Smith, 2010, pp.50). Quantitative research on the other hand “is to determine the relationship between one thing (an independent variable) and another (a dependent or outcome variable) in a population” (Hopkins, W. G, 2008, pp.1). This paper will analyze the goal of the investigation, data collection, and focus of research on both qualitative and quantitative designs. These three issues concerning both research designs will be defined, compared...
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...they work. Data can also be collected for the purpose of process control. Numerous manufacturing processes use feedback data to adjust an input, such as temperature, in order to keep the output at the desired level. Feedback data from quality control activities can be used to make adjustments that result in more products meeting their requirements (Burrill, Ledolter, p.381). Data can also be used to improve processes with the intent of increasing productivity. ‘Data is nothing, unless interpreted and turned into useful information.’ Data are usually collected through qualitative and quantitative methods (Hawe, Degeling, Hall, 1990). The purpose of this paper is to explore the variety of methods of data collection used in both qualitative and quantitative research. More specifically, to discuss the process of identifying research questions and selecting appropriate methodologies, understanding the difference between...
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...to a research problem; quantitative research and qualitative research. Which one a business owner chooses to use is dependent on the aims of the research as well as the nature of the problem. Quantitative Research is defined as the precise count of some behavior, knowledge, opinion, or attitude. Qualitative Research is defined as interpretive techniques that seek to describe, decode, translate, and otherwise come to terms with the meaning not the frequency of certain phenomena (Cooper & Schindler, 2011). Quantitative research tells a manager what happens and how often, it focuses on describing, explaining and predicting. It also studies a large sample size and provides objective and precise information. Qualitative research, on the other hand, studies a small sample size, builds but rarely tests theory, and it is more subjective; it tells a manager how things happen and why. "Qualitative research aims to achieve an in-depth understanding of a situation" (Cooper & Schindler, 2011, Chapter 7). Maybe the business pressure to find quick resolutions to problems forced managers to rely on quantitative research more than qualitative. However; an increasing number of managers are relying on qualitative research to make business decisions as quantitative research fails to provide the insight needed to make those decisions. Quantitative research is conducted with all subjects being asked the same questions and given the same response categories. Qualitative research is done by observing...
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