...Item A and elsewhere, assess sociological explanations for ethnic differences in educational achievement. Statistics show that in Britain, young people of African-Caribbean, Bangladeshi, Pakistani and Somalian heritage are significantly underachieving in education. Children from Gypsy, Roma and traveller backgrounds are the lowest achieving of all. Processes inside school can be a key factor as to why there are ethnic differences in education achievement. The labelling theory says that teachers have different expectations of different ethnic minority groups. Gilbert (1990) found that teachers sometimes negatively label black students. Afro-Caribbean students were seen as a challenge to school authority and were therefore more likely to be excluded from school. Item A also reinforces this as it states that one possible reason for ethnic differences in educational achievement lies in the school system and that Black Caribbean boys are excluded more than any group. Gillborn calls this the ‘myth of the black challenge’. Teachers had high expectations of Asian students, which could lead to a self-fulfilling prophecy of success. In contrast, the negative labelling could result in a self-fulfilling prophecy of failure. This can lead to ethnic differences in education achievement. Outside school factors can also provide sociological explanations for ethnic differences in educational achievement. Language difference can affect achievement as language was a barrier for kids from...
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...qwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmrtyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmrtyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmrtyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmrtyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwer...
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...Alaskan Oil Exploitation Alaska Alaska is an American state which borders Canada to the West, its coastline is the Arctic Ocean and the majority of the land is within the Arctic Circle. Due to its location in the Arctic Circle, Alaska experiences extreme cold temperatures. For 8 months of the year it is sub-zero, with the months of January and February recording temperatures as low as minus 30. The ANWR, a wilderness area, is located to the north east of Alaska and covers nearly 80,000 square kilometers, it is however a possible drilling zone for oil. The ANWR was named in 1980 by the US fisheries service because it was managed and protected by the US government. There are two significant settlements occupied by indigenous peoples, one being within the ANWR, inhabited by the Inuit Inupiaq tribe and the Indian Gwichin tribe. The Inuit tribe area found in the North of the area and the Indian tribe to the South. These tribes both rely heavily on the marine ecosystem and also the Caribou for economic and cultural purposes. The changing environment in the ANWR has increased the population of predators such as Arctic Foxes, Ravens and Gulls which prey on nesting birds in the surrounding areas. Fish populations have been damaged by gravel extraction from river beds. The ANWR provides a refuge for a variety of species including 45 different species of mammals such as Wolves, Wolverines, Polar Bears and Musk Ox. The exploitation of oil begun in Alaska in March of 1968...
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...This essay endeavors to discuss the connection between citizenship education and civic education. It will further look at whether there is a difference between the two or if they are the same. Lastly, the conclusion will be drawn. Before going into a detailed discussion it is prudent to define the key words, that is , Civic education and Citizenship education respectively. Civic Education is a broader field and therefore can be defined in many different ways depending on the orientation of the educators, time , place and dictates of the political regime in the country. Zambia Civic Education Association (2004:38) “Civic Education refers to the formal awareness of the country’s citizens about their moral and legal entitlements (rights), their expected moral and legal functions(duties) as well as the extent to which they can influence the utilization of national/public resources, monitor leadership legitimacy and take part in decision making (governance).” Hamwiinga (2008:2) defines Civic Education as “an envisaged broader- based subject which relates to human beings and relationship with the natural, physical, social and cultural environment.” According to UNDP (2004) “ Civic Education is learning for effective participation in democratic and development processes at both local and national levels”. This then implies that if the citizens have not learnt about Civic Education they will not be able to uphold good democratic values thereby failing to be part of the local and national...
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...Meng Ling Jun Professor Jami L.Josifek EMLLS 112 14 March 2013 The Differences in Education between China and America A large number of students from China are planning to attend college in the America over the next five years. However, there are many differences in education between China and America. In fact, it is hard to be successful in American college. How the Chinese student to be successful, and what are the differences in education between two countries? I think there are three differences in education between China and America ways of studying was learning, and using different languages. First, there is a different way to study between China and America. In China, students study very hard every day because they have lots of homework. However, there is not much homework in the America. Chinese's teacher thinks homework is the good way to studying, but American student doesn’t have lots of homework. Chinese's teacher always gives a student some question out of the book because this is good for the GAO KAO exam. Chinese's student buy textbook each year, and it is cost more money. In America, the teacher wants to the student read book, and never give the student much homework. If you finish the lesson’s homework, it would be enough for exam. If you read the book, you will be easy past the exam. American teacher also don’t give extra homework because they know it is enough lesson for the student today. If Chinese student wants to be successful at an...
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...School is mandatory for children ages seven to sixteen. Mandatory education is free. Many Peruvian children wear solid gray uniforms to school. Classes are held in the morning and the afternoon, and students must attend one or the other. Students can attend college after age sixteen. However, the relatively small number of universities in Peru means that it can be difficult to gain admission. Only 3 percent of the population is able to attend university. Because of increase in child education, the literacy rate (ability to read and write from age fifteen and up) in Peru is relatively high, reaching almost 90...
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...The difference between Western and Eastern education. The difference between Western and Eastern education - Education system in need of change? 林怡廷 (Joyce Lin) 三年十八班 台北市立育成高級中學 1 PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.pdffactory.com The difference between Western and Eastern education. I. Introduction: People tend to think that Westerners are more assertive and creative, while Easterners are more conservative and reserved. So what makes all these difference? I would suggest it is the result of the different education systems. Having studied under both foreign and local teachers, I discovered that their approaches to teaching are fundamentally different. In this essay, I would like to examine and evaluate these differences. This is vitally important as it influences our choices and responses in life beyond school. And will finally determine our values, the quality of our lives and the satisfaction we derive from life. II. Thesis: A. Teacher-centered and student-centered I would say that the prime difference between the two education systems is that one uses teacher-centered classes, and the other uses student-centered classes. In the Eastern education system, the teacher is the only authority; his or her words are not to be questioned. Students are not expected to speak up in class or respond to the questions that the teacher asks. Therefore, most of the questions are rather rhetorical. Questions are brought up for the teachers to answer. Thus, there is...
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...Difference between nurses with different level of education As nursing has become a highly competent profession, the educational opportunities for nurses have increased significantly. The hospitals and other organizations that provide health care are also competing with each other and now the demand for nurses with bachelor degree is increasing. For decades the American Nurses association and the National League for nursing have attempted to make the BSN the only educational program for RNs in the US. This essay focuses on the difference in the competencies between nurses prepared at the associate-degree level versus the baccalaureate-degree level in nursing. Studies have shown that the higher educated RNs have a better overall patient satisfaction, better outcomes related to medical condition, and a lower overall cost of care. According to Williams, (1995) a study conducted by Little and Brian, indicates that higher education enhances the personal and professional growth during and after graduation. The article also indicates that as per the study conducted by Whalen nurses with baccalaureate degree had a strong bureaucratic and professional orientation. Some studies indicated that the more number of nurses with bachelor degree are members of professional organization where as very few nurses with associate degree have membership in professional organizations (Williams). The trend in nursing is going professional. Professional nursing in the hospital...
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...A Tiger vs a Cat -Difference between Chinese and Western Education- Yu Kang Pace University Fall 2011 ELI 084A Midterm Research Paper Tara Vassallo November 9, 2011 Abstract According to A cultural perspective for the differences between Chinese education and Western education, there are considerable differences between Chinese and Western education due to the influence of culture and history. What’s more, the article- Views on differences between Chinese and Western education from quality education and Analysis of the differences between Chinese education and Western -show the differences on school and family education specifically and separately. Chinese education is characterized by setting diversified strict rules and regulations on students; Whereas, Western students get more freedom and chances to choose and develop what they really interested in. Generally speaking, Chinese students usually are good law-keeper and possess solid basic foundation but lacking creative spirit. Western kids are more independently and do good jobs on innovation. However, they don not stress too much on discipline and hard working. Zhao and Bai said in Draw inspiration from comparing that Chinese and Western education should learn from each other (1999, p. 46). Therefore, integrating the essence of these two education systems will come up with a better one. Tiger VS Cat Difference between Chinese education and Western Education At the beginning of 2011, a book named “Battle...
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...Introduction 1.1 Problem definition Any discussion of higher Education in different countries needs to be conducted within the context of the overall perception of a country’s culture, society, history, salary and intellect. These influences are the foundation of the education in a country. Due to these different influences every country has a different understanding of education. I will also concentrate on the influence of culture on education in China and in the United States (U.S.) with special emphasis on Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions, because culture and history can lead the way in understanding the differences among student’s higher education. 1.2 Objectives The paper investigates the differences between the education in China and the U.S. against the background of dramatical differences in culture and history. First the country-specific Cultural Dimensions by Hofstede need to be elaborated to reveal a basic approach for the understanding of a nation’s culture. Based on Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions and the history the effect on education and instructional strategies in China and the U.S. will be discussed. 1.3 Course of the Investigation To achieve the objectives the course of the investigation will be carried out in three steps. In the first step the conceptual background on the topic will be defined to provide a basis. Chapter 2 describes the theory and the five Dimensions of Hofstede’s Culture’s Consequences. In the second step the explanations focus...
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...Why advances in technology and globalization of business and education are reducing cultural differences around the world? Nowadays, one of the most discussed questions is why advances in technology and globalization are reducing cultural differences and distances between countries. This was seen as a consequence of the rapid development of communication technologies, improvement of international business and education, establishment of free trade areas, and emergence of global cultures. It is also widely believed that, with the help of information technology, business can be conducted regardless of time or place. From all of the above, it is easy to conclude that cultural differences and distances are reducing around the world. To begin with, I would like to explain the definition of culture. Culture is a learned pattern of behavior, and is a way in which a person lives his life. Culture includes various aspects of beliefs, values, communication, norms, etiquette, food, art, clothing styles, etc. Every society has a different culture, which gives it an identity and uniqueness. To my mind, mainly cultures are different because of the different views on many things and different conditions in which people live. I would like to give a simple example. Some people who live in the desert are going to see the world differently from the people who live in a jungle. When they have to decide why the sky is blue, people living...
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...Outline & Assess the view that gender differences in education achievement are caused by factors outside school (50m) Gender and educational attainment focuses mainly on how males and females perform differently in different subjects and their tendency to study different subjects. In recent years, females are attaining more than males while males are underachieving. This may be caused by factors outside school. Outside factors has caused girls to outperforming boys is due to girls attitudes towards education as the female expectations have changed. Many women are now looking beyond the housewife role. This is supported by Sue Sharpe discovered that girls priorities had changed from marriage to having a good job. This is because there has been a genderquake, Wilkinson argues that females have improved their educational performance due to fundamental changes in attitudes towards female role in society. Therefore there is a more positive attitude towards education for women and they use this as a means of improving chances at work. This shows how outside school factors influence differences in achievement as Francis and Skelton’s studies can show that many girls are acquiring for jobs that require degree level qualifications therefore girls strive to work harder at home to ensure they do well in order to achieve a well-paid job. However, Jackson argues that its not only boys who are failing, girls are too as there are many ladettes who disrupt lessons to make themselves feel...
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...Asses the Importance of Cultural Factors in Causing Social Class Differences in Education Achievement. working-class students have usually underachieved in school, in contrast to middle-class students, this is due to external and internal factors. External cultural factors are claimed to be a key cause of social class differences in educational achievement according to various sociologist. These factors consist of Cultural deprivation, cultural capital and material deprivation. working class students' backgrounds are often linked with poverty more than any other class, this explains to material deprivation which these pupils are going through, as the students cannot afford money to buy all the equipment that they need for education, tanner et al found that the cost of items such as transport, uniform, books, coputer, calculater and sports equipment places a very heavy burden on poorer families . To support this claim sociologist Flaherty also states that having money problems in the family were a significant factor in younger children’s low attendance at school, which links to under achievements at school. The idea that children from working class backgrounds is also supported by sociologist Howard. Her claim is that children from poorer homes tend to have lower intakes of energy, vitamins and minerals. This will ten result in absences from school which is proven to have a big impact on education achievement. In addition to this Wilkinson has studied a series...
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...class differences in educational achievement according to various sociologist. These factors consist of Cultural deprivation, cultural capital and material deprivation. Students from working class backgrounds often experience economic problems (poverty) more so than any other class; this is linked to material deprivation which these pupils are exposed to throughout their time. Being in poverty could entail the students not having enough money to buy all the essential equipment that they will need for educational attainment, supported by sociologist - Bull. This is closely linked to educational under achievement for example in 2006 33% of children on pupil premium (free school meals) achieved 5 A* to C grades in comparison to 61% not on pupil premium. However, statistics cannot prove that material deprivation is the cause of under achievement as the government doesn’t always collect statistics that is supporting the claim 100%, therefore the claim cannot generalise. To support this claim sociologist Flaherty also states that having money problems in the family were a significant factor in younger children’s low attendance at school, which links to under achievements at school. The idea that children from working class backgrounds is also supported by sociologist Howard. Her claim is that children from poorer homes tend to have lower intakes of energy, vitamins and minerals. This will ten result in absences from school which is proven to have a big impact on education achievement...
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...the external and internal factors of gender differences within achievement. Statistics show that since 1985 boys' and girls' achievements in school have both improved drastically in the percentage of pupils achieving 5 or more A*'s to C at GCSE level. However, although both have improved it shows that there has been a rapid increase in the improvement of girls results and a significant gap has opened up. These achievements can depend on a number of gender differences, as well as explanations about their class and ethnic differences, it can be known as external factors - factors outside of school and education, such as society and a pupils family background, but aswell as external, there are also internal factors - factors which happen within school and the education system.Girls achievements have improved over the years due to the external and internal factors of gender differences within achievement. Statistics show that since 1985 boys' and girls' achievements in school have both improved drastically in the percentage of pupils achieving 5 or more A*'s to C at GCSE level. However, although both have improved it shows that there has been a rapid increase in the improvement of girls results and a significant gap has opened up. These achievements can depend on a number of gender differences, as well as explanations about their class and ethnic differences, it can be known as external factors - factors outside of school and education, such as society and a pupils family background...
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