...LEADERSHIP THEORIES APPLYING LEADERSHIP THEORIES APPLYING LEADERSHIP THEORIES IN THE SCHOOL SETTING Every organization has a leader who manages the institution with the end task of accomplishing the desired goals. The success of an organization depends on dynamic and effective leadership. Leadership, is influencing people to follow in the achievement of a common goal (Koontz and O’Donnell, 1959). Educational organization has been going through tremendous changes, reform and restructuring. With these changes, Leadership styles and management techniques have undergone changes to keep up with the needs of the global society (Razik and Swanson, 2010). It is still debated on which Leadership styles or theory is the best to achieve success, with an agreement that a combination of different theories based on situational need will be the best. This essay will depict how different leadership theories apply to my school setting as reflected from the leader’s behavior and actions. Applying Leadership Theories Leadership is a matter of how to be, not how to dot it (Hesselbein, 1994).Different theories have been put forward to explain the leadership behavior. They really are not theories but are descriptions of concepts, procedures, and actions (Hersey, Blanchard and Johnson, 2008) as exhibited by the leaders. As a matter of fact, leader at our school site exhibits different strategies and techniques that cannot be included under one particular theory. Based on...
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...behaviour and consumer decision-making have become prominent research topics in the various fields of consumer science in recent years. Consumer Decision Making pertains to making decisions regarding product and service offerings. There are different consumer decision making models such as Bettman's Information Processing Model of Consumer Choice, the Howard-Sheth model of buying behavior, Kotler model and the Nicosia model. The Engel, Kollat & Blackwell (later Miniard) consumer decision making model will be looked at for the purpose of this research. Engel, Kollat & Blackwell (later Miniard) consumer decision making model According to (Sahney, 2005), the Engel, Kollat and Blackwell Model, also referred to as the EKB model was proposed to organize and describe the growing body of knowledge/research concerning consumer behavior. A comprehensive model, it shows the various components of consumer decision making and the relationships/ interactions among them. The model went through many revisions and modifications, with attempts to elaborate upon the interrelationship between the various components and sub-components; and, finally another model was proposed in the 1990s which came to be known as the Engel, Blackwell and Miniard Model (EBM). The model consists of five...
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...been in existence for several thousand years, as much as seven thousand by some accounts (Henslin, 2006). They usually are built near transportation routes or areas rich in natural resources. They can only exist as long as there is the means for producing surplus food and other necessary supplies. Cities grow at different rates and for different reasons and there are different types of cities, or urban centers. Metropolis, megalopolis, and megacity are terms used to classify cities by size. An understanding of the beginning of common schooling in the United States requires attention to such social changes as urbanization, early industrialization, and patterns of immigration, all in the northeastern United States. Ideologically, the common school era was rooted in classical liberalism, which had practical consequences in urban New England different from those in rural Jeffersonian Virginia. These variations were due to differences in regional political economy as well as shifts in religious thought. While Jefferson had encountered difficulty gaining consensus for a state-funded but locally controlled school system, Horace Mann sought a state-funded and state-controlled school system. In part because of the contrasts in political economy between Massachusetts and Virginia, and in part because of differences between the paternalistic Whig liberalism of urban Massachusetts and the more laissez-faire liberalism of agrarian Virginia, Mann...
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...culture of schooling, or many? Are school systems around the world diverging from their original European sources, or are they converging toward a single model?i This book opens a dialogue between two very different perspectives on schooling around the world. On the one hand, anthropologists and many scholars in comparative education emphasize national variation, not to mention variation from district to district and from classroom to classroom. From their point of view, the nearly 200 national school systems in the world today represent some 200 different and diverging cultures of schooling. On the other hand, sociology’s “institutionalists” or world culture theorists argue that not only has the model of modern mass education spread from a common source, but that schools around the world are becoming more similar over time.ii According to world culture theory, rather than diverging, schools are converging toward a single global model. This question matters to anthropologists because when we look at globalization— the movement of people, money and ideas across the entire world in unprecedented volume—we wonder whether it really means that the world is becoming more homogeneous. Are we creating a global culture (a “McWorld” for the cynical), or do people create new local cultures as rapidly as global imports hit them (Watson 1997)? Are we seeing increasing uniformity, or simply diversity organized in a new way (Hannerz 1996)? The domain of national school systems is one of the richest...
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...Theories Human relations, or being able to interact with others, are a must in education. On a daily basis, people within a school system must interact with various individuals including co-workers, parents, students, and stakeholders. The end result of human relations is to make any situation better. Human nature, human motivation, morale and organizations, and informal organizations are all relevant to positive human relations. Over the course of the years there have been numerous changes to the way teachers, students and stakeholders view education. After school programs, data driven education and the way we prepare students are just a few of the things that have been affected since the beginnings of No Child Left Behind. Since there are so many changes, it is imperative that all parties understand the changes that have taken place across cultures. “How a young girl or boy grew up to be an adult in Medievalmedieval times was not the same as their counterparts in ancient Rome or Athens, or today.” (Smeyers & Burbules, 2006) Teachers cannot introduce the same materials in the same way they may have taught thirty years ago. Students have Nintendo Wii’s, playstations and they tend to stay up to date with the latest technology. There are even a number of adults who still have trouble checking their email. Even though school districts have Smart technology within the classrooms, there are those teachers that need their students help with simple Smart Board...
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...co-promotor Prof. dr. Annemie Desoete, whose encouragement, supervision and support from the preliminary to the concluding level enabled me to carry on the research project. My deepest gratitude is to Prof. dr. Martin Valcke. I am not a smart student who always give him so much revision work. It is extremely fortunate for me to have a promoter who is characterized by energy, enthusiasm and patience. Some excellent ideas will arise from his brain sometimes which make us think his synaptic connection in his brain is very strong. His face is always full of real warmth on the research. His cheerful spirits and bubble laughter infect me and encourage me to get through the difficulties. And, he generously supported me to get access to the schools and gave...
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...of the curriculum, models of curriculum design and the implication of curriculum evaluation. 1.1 Concept of curriculum There is no single definition of the curriculum .The most common definition of curriculum that most teachers give is that it is a syllabus or a program of study but this is an erroneous definition. For Taba (1962), it is a ‘plan for learning’, while Lawton describes the curriculum as “a selection from the culture of a society” (Lawton, 1975, p6). It has also been described as “a social and political construct that changes over time in response to a range of factors and influences” (Mc Cullock, 1992, p9). Hence, the term curriculum means different things for different people. While it is obvious that the curriculum is not neutral, its content and how it is transmitted depends on the kinds of interaction between curriculum developers, teachers and students. Stated differently, curricula emerges depending on the various ways curriculum developers, teachers and students interact with each other. In this essay, I will outline the internal and external factors that shape the interaction between the official curriculum, what is taught in secondary schools and learning that takes place in classrooms. Internal factors include the influences of philosophy, psychology and sociology, whereas external factors include the social, economic and political aspects that shape curriculum design. Two curriculum models, namely the rational and the dynamic models will then be compared...
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...HULT International Business School EMBA Carlo Giorgis HULT International Business School Executive MBA CHANGE MANAGEMENT The reorganization of the Group Internal Audit Department FINAL assignment: Carlo Giorgis Change Management 1 HULT International Business School EMBA Carlo Giorgis EXECUTIVE SUMMARY UniCredit is one of the largest European financial groups, operating in 22 European countries with around 160.000 employees worldwide and 9.500 branches. In 2005, following the merger with HVB and the appointment of a new Head of Department, the Internal Audit Department (IAD) was reorganized. The expected results were obtained later than planned, with large resistances, process and relationships disruptions and bureaucracy increase. Main reasons were due to a simplistic approach to change, an inadequate leadership style, lack of compelling vision and insufficient communication. The IAD restructure could have been managed more effectively with a different approach in terms of: Organization metaphor: IAD has aspects of both Machine and Organism (Morgan, 1986); Model of change: William Bridges’s Model (Managing the transition, 1991) and Kotter Eight Steps (1995); People’s management, keeping into account the Behavioral (Pavlov, 1928 – Skinner, 1953) and Psychodynamic (Kubler-Ross, 1969 – Satir et al, 1991) approaches; Team’s management, building a project team taking into account the personal traits of team members (Belbin, 1981), involving external...
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...COMM 226 Database Systems INTRODUCTION A database is a structured collection of data, and is usually stored electronically to facilitate computerassisted search and retrieval. The electronic format allows different users to have views of the data that serve their particular needs. Furthermore, the database management software can ensure the consistency, integrity, and security of the database, provided the data needs of the organization have been correctly modeled and implemented. DATA MODELING Although the field of information systems engineering is young relative to most other engineering disciplines, it does apply formal modeling methods to study and predict aspects of a planned system. Different kinds of models may exhibit the user interfaces, behaviours, or data interchanges of the planned system. Modern businesses depend heavily on timely, trustworthy, and relevant data to provide a competitive advantage (Lau, 2010). As a result, organizations invest in modeling their enterprise data. Data models describe the logical and physical structure of data that the information systems maintain and process. The main goal of data modeling is to identify all of the data elements that the enterprise uses to manage its business, along with the structure and interrelationships of these elements. Data modeling typically follows activity modeling, which defines the functional requirements for the system. Its focus is to build a standard representation for the system’s data elements with...
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...Part I: Program Planning Portfolio Outline I. Brief Description of School Fort Wayne is in the Northeast portion of Indiana with a population around 260,000. The second largest school corporation in Indiana is in Fort Wayne, Fort Wayne Community Schools. Brentwood Elementary School is within the Fort Wayne Community School Corporation. Brentwood is a rural community school, which serves a diverse population of 530 students from grades pre-kindergarten through fifth grade. Of the diversity 43.2% are Caucasian, 31.1% are African American, 7.1% Asian, 5.3% Hispanic, and 13.3% have two or more races. There is no current information for the gender breakdown of the school population for Brentwood. They school serves free breakfast and lunch to all...
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...management system of any school. But, such systems do not often relate expectations, outcomes, and performance. As each student’s desires to achieve a good score for each assignment, exam, project and/ or report, the whole process adds heavy work load for teachers in order to make their evaluation fair, comprehensive, and accurate. From the faculty perspective, these are necessary to avoid disagreement from students and parents. A computerized grading system is a highly desirable addition to the educational tool- kit, particularly when it can provide less effort and a more effective and timely outcome. Grading Systems are designed to provide incentives for achievement and assist in identifying problem areas of a student. It is the most commonly used means of analyzing students’ performance, talents and skills. Students’ grades are vital information needed in advancing to the next grade or year and its accuracy is very important. Many teachers feel that time they take in recording and computing for the grades of their students is time that could be better spent elsewhere, like preparing lessons, researching or meeting for their students. With the advent of computer technology, more and more schools are taking advantage of variety of grading systems available both off-line and online that can help save time on administrative tasks and give teachers more time to attend other important functions. However, a greater majority, especially more schools government schools and...
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...basic theory which is always taught in economics, the effect of education on the economic growth of a country is always positive. In order to further verify this theory, the authors of many books provide examples which complement it. If we go deep into this theory and search for other evidence, we come across different researches done by economists and statisticians who have analyzed the theory to a great extent. In order to differentiate their studies they have done their empirical research on the subject by using different econometric models. Even though the underlying result i.e. derived from their research is the same, yet these models have different comprehensive implications, something which will also be discussed in our review. As a part of our review we have taken four different research paper written by different researchers, which have the same fundamental scope. However, the origins of these researches are subject to geographical changes and this has been done in order to prove our basic rationality of the theory. The critical reviews consist of the methods used by the authors and the way they have tried to analyze the empirical evidence by using econometric models. The first article which we will be reviewing in our discussion is the research paper written by Robert J. Barro which is titled as ‘Economic Growth in a Cross Section of Countries.’ The research done by Barro is quite comprehensive, in which he has used data from 1960 to 1985. The sample size employed in...
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...socially and academically. If a teacher is not aware of the facts, they may assume that a student does not need help simply based on their appearance. This may lead to a student becoming deficient in resources other than financial. If a student feels that they are lacking in emotional resources, it may lead to them dropping out of school, or cause them to make bad choices, as emotional resources show themselves through “stamina, perseverance, and choices” (Payne, 2013, pg. 8). Language is another factor that affects students both in school and in social situations. Payne explains that there are five different registers-frozen, formal, consultative, casual, and intimate-all of which are used in different scenarios (Payne, 2013, pg. 31). If a student is unable to determine when to use each type of register, they will struggle in school as many standardized tests use formal register, and may careers expect individuals to be able to use the formal register competently (Payne, 2013, pg. 32). Language can also cause confusion in social situations, as the casual and formal register versions of stories sound completely different. If two individuals are using different registers, misunderstandings easily happen which can lead to conflict. Thus, as educators we need to ensure that all of our students are able to use each type of register and know what times are appropriate for the use of each....
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...Table of Contents Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION 2 Chapter 2: THEORETICAL BASIS 3 Chapter 3: DATA COLLECTION 5 Chapter 4: EMPIRICAL MODEL AND HYPOTHESIS TESTS 7 Chapter 5: CONCLUSION 14 Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION Since the introduction of doi moi (renovation) economic reforms in 1986, Vietnam’s economy has been among the fastest growing economies in the region. Its economic structure reflected an increasing share of industry and services while the share of agriculture declined. Vietnam has been successful in poverty reduction strategies and has been able to ensure rapid growth with relative equity. Among the factors that led to this success, foreign direct investment (FDI) has played a crucial role, providing Vietnam’s economy with its relatively scarce factor, capital, and representing an extremely important instrument for integration in the world economy, especially at the regional level. However, FDI infusion in different localities is not identical. Therefore, this paper attempts to identify the main factors that help with the attraction of foreign direct investment capital in a locality of Vietnam. The survey results that there are some factors that have been evaluated as much more important; while, others are considered to be relatively less important in the current context of Vietnam. ...
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...MEASURING THE EFFICIENCY OF ABU DHABI PUBLIC SCHOOLS USING DATA ENVELOPMENT ANALYSIS MasoodBadri UAE University and Abu Dhabi Education Council Tarek El Mourad Asma Al Rashedi why I’m included!! Abu Dhabi Education Council Khaled Al Share Qatar University ABSTRACT This research measures and compares the efficiency of Abu Dhabi secondary public schools using data envelopment analysis (DEA). It seeks to identify an appropriate list of inputs and outputs for evaluating the efficiencies of schools in urban areas. Several scenarios were developed using different combinations of inputs and outputs. Sensitivity analysis was carried out to identify expected reductions (in inputs) or increases? (in outputs) needed for inefficient schools to become efficient. The inputs with greatest impact were cost per teacher and cost per students. The outputs with greatest impact were two student tests conducted at the national level. Analysis of variance showed that location and type of school had a significant impact on school efficiencies. Regression results show that both cost per students and cost per teacher are significant determinants of school efficiency.The paper provides insightsinto the understanding of schools’ performance management for schools, evaluators, and policy decision makers. INTRODUCTION Education is a priority area for Abu Dhabi government. It is important in the performance assessment process to know to what extent schools are achieving their stated missions and...
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