............................5 IV. Analytical Toolbox............................................................................................6 V. Analysis..............................................................................................................8 Whole text and communicative purpose......................................................9 Visual aids..................................................................................................13 Sentences and covert messages..................................................................14 Words and connotations.............................................................................17 VI. Conclusion.......................................................................................................19 I. Introduction The same-sex marriage movement deals with what is arguably a leading social issue in the United States today. In 1996, the Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA) legally fixed the definition of marriage to be that which includes one man and one woman, including the provision that “states need not recognize a marriage from another state if it is between persons of the same sex” (www.domawatch.org). Grassroots organizations began to form on both sides of the debate concerning same-sex marriage reform. Most discourse research on the issue focuses on the ways in which the media and reform oppositionists (DOMA defenders) use language to display and perpetuate their social...
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... Technical writing is something that is learned. In school everyone was taught how to format an essay or different types of writing like poems or stories. Anything that I did in class I was always given a template of how the instructor wanted the paper to be written. This would have word count, the format, and what the paper should be about. All throughout school we learned the fundamentals of writing starting with letters, words, sentences, paragraphs, to structures of writing like essays and poems. The thing that is learned from writing is technical. As my English education grows the technical side is less focused on while the content is the most important thing. Content is the writing that I am doing now. The content portion of writing is not learned but influenced by others. My writing becomes influenced through examples like essays. In this English class, I believe that that’s how these three previous essays worked out. The Scholarly Discourse Unit paper was a paper that had us synthesize how we thought the writers Gee, Swales, and Porter connected to each other. I used transferability to apply the knowledge that I got from each of the three sources and created an argument that I could synthesize with each other. This paper gave me the opportunity to express my ideas but what I had to write about was more about the three sources rather than using those three sources too support my ideas. Writing may be learned at first but...
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...conduct discourse analysis on an artefact that denotes my placement organisation, its website http://womensandgirls.org.au. (Blacktown Women’s and Girls’ Health Centre, 2018). Hall (2001) states that Foucault’s definition of discourse moves its focus from linguistics and postulates discourse “as system of representations”. Foucault defines discourse are social systems that produce knowledge and meaning. They are practices produced by the effects of power within a social order (Adams, 2017; Hall, 2001). Foucault argued that...
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...Final Project Proposal This paper aims to explore how humor, a site of construction of gender identity and power relation, is employed by both males and females to negotiate their power relations and either subvert or confirm their gender roles. I believe this topic is of particular interest because though a number of studies have been conducted to examine the relation between gender practice and occupational practice, and ways of constructing gender roles via humor. Concentration is rarely deployed on humor use by males and females at workplace. This review is important because there is a growing number of female practitioners participating in different sectors and industries. They are frequently confronted with paradoxical situations of their gender role of feminity and their professional competence and leadership, usually tagged with masculinity. This paper will offer some insights to professional females about how they can resolve such paradoxes at their workplace through the employment of humor. Besides, this topic is of particular interest because it can be seen through the review of the body of literature, that the meaning and effect of humor, as a linguistic means can never be captured nicely. It can have different functions in different context, which is in accordance with the “ambiguity” and “polysemy”put forward by Tannen (1993), so this paper will probes into the fluidity and ambivalency of this linguistic means. Moreover, one big context in this review...
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...Rhetorical Analysis No matter what fields you are in, we as academic writers will be familiar with rhetorical choices. Rhetorical choices play an important role in writing. They’re the “key ingredients” in a paper in order to capture readers’ attention and achieve writers’ purposes. When I was in Human Resource Organization Behaviors 101 class, professor Thomas Shirley assigned an ethics case for each group. I joined a group of five people and we got together for several group meetings. Finally, I was assigned to compose the “Ethical Analysis” section. Toward to the paper deadline, we produced the paper called “Starbucks: Friend or Foe.” The purpose of the assignment was to argue that whether the company’s decision was ethical when Starbucks fired employees for supporting unions and applied the four-component model of ethical decision making to this case. Discourse community is an essential factor when composing a paper. According to “Students Writing Handbook”, discourse community is a unique communication tool which people use to communicate with their readers within their fields (30). Since the paper was written for a required upper division major core course, the discourse community is all business majors. The genre was a general business paper with three sections: case summary, ethical analysis, and recommendations. We are college students are trained to become more professional in our careers. As a result, my group paper’s intended audiences were only Professor Thomas Shirley...
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...In the present time Saudis studying AL or English related majors in local universities and international universities are quite a few; it's the #1 country in the Arab world that gives scholarships to its local students to continue postgraduate or undergraduate in countries like US,Uk,Canada and Australia.Saudis started to be seen as the Arab representatives in few countries since they are the bigger community that study in those countries. According to these facts and "Swales 6 Characteristics of Discourse Communities" we can say whether or not saudis student are members of the discourse community of AL. This paper discusses the Saudis as Potential Members of the discourse Community of Applied Linguistics taking in account genre traditions, locals and International discourse community and more. I. Genre in three traditions The word genre was borrowed from Greek, genres are known in literature as Pottery, drama and fiction.To understand genre better you must take in mind that in every flied there is a dominant theory and in every culture there is a dominant behavior.Genre analysis is clarificatory, not classificatroy (Sales, 1990( Overlap, inclusion and variation are inherent difficulties in genre definition. The American school sees genre as social action and its idea is shared Ex: making requests and asking to do something. It's typical by its recurrence in particular recurrent situations. Miller ,2014 showed that environmental impact statement in the environment policy act...
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...Victoria Morgan English Composition 101-3716 Dr. Hernandez 11/24/2014 Rhetorical Analysis of Dave Chappelle’s Stand-up and Maida Galvez’s Research Paper Insufficient intake of healthful food and consequences is a topic of many academic and non-academic talks. Whether authors are writing to share information with readers, like a group of researchers from Mount Sinai School of Medicine, or tell an amusing story, like Dave Chappelle in his standup routine, they make appeals to emotions, authority, or logic to persuade the audience. The choice of persuasive strategies depends on the author’s purpose and expectations of the intended audience. In the article, Race and Food Availability in an Inner-city Neighborhood, first published online in 15 October 2007, a group of researchers from Mount Sinai School of Medicine argues that the availability and price of quality foods in grocery stores varies from neighborhood to neighborhood. Conducting a walking survey of food options in East Harlem, NY, they came to conclusion that low-income areas, minority communities, are dominated by fast food restaurants and small stores offering limited selections of healthful foods, when Caucasian neighborhoods are located in close proximity to full-service restaurants and grocery stores offering wide selection of foods. Researchers believe that this food disparities have “implications for racial/ethnic differences in dietary quality, obesity and obesity-related disorders” (Galvez et al. 624). ...
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...Downloaded from mtq.sagepub.com at Glasgow University Library on July 5, 2011 Volume 8(4): 339–366 Copyright © 2008 SAGE www.sagepublications.com DOI: 10.1177/1470593108096540 articles Marketing the hegemony of development: of pulp fictions and green deserts1 Steffen Böhm University of Essex, UK Vinícius Brei Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Brazil Abstract. In this paper we analyze the role of marketing in the construction of what can be called the hegemony of development. Through an investigation of the marketing practices of the pulp and paper industry in South America and the resistances that are articulated by a range of civil society actors against the expansion of this industry, we problematize marketing as a political and contested discourse and practice. By using Laclau and Mouffe’s (1985, 2001) theoretical framework, which is centered on the concept of ‘hegemony’, we highlight the crucial role marketing plays in the social and cultural legitimation of the highly controversial development of the pulp and paper industry – regarded as one of the most polluting industries in the world – in South America. We build on...
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...to how language interacts with media. It investigates the forms of language found in media discourse; how patterns in such language use contribute to recognizable media genres and styles; and, broader social themes and consequences that arise from media language. It uses a wide variety of real texts from the media specifically from Magazines. Boles (2012) believes that each magazine uses linguistic techniques these language features are creatively used in magazines by the writers to attract and entertain the target audience as they only have a small space and time to get the attention of the potential buyer of the product. Bell (2010) emphasizes the importance of the processes which produce media language, as stories are molded and modified by various hands. He stresses it is indeed stories that journalists and editors produce, not articles. These stories have viewpoint, values and structure that can be analyzed. He is concerned, too, with the role of the audience in influencing media language styles, and in understanding, forgetting or misconceiving the news presented to it. A feature story is a special human interest story article that is not closely tied to a recent news event. It focuses on particular people, places, and events, and it goes into great detail regarding concepts and ideas of specific market interest. The study primarily aims to provide a contrastive analysis between the use of the variety of english in love songs. The study specifically aims to (1)...
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...Situation Analysis Report (Graded as homework) Completing this rhetorical situation analysis “report” will help you to understand the context—the rhetorical situation—in which a text was written, identify the writer’s intended audience and rhetorical purpose, and consider how effective his or her strategies are for accomplishing that purpose. Text: “My View: Should Everyone Go to College?” by Mike Rose (Report due September 3rd) http://schoolsofthought.blogs.cnn.com/2012/10/09/my-view-should-everyone-go-to-college/ “What Value Really Means in Higher Education” by Karen R. Lawrence (Report due September 17th) http://hechingerreport.org/content/value-really-means-higher-education_15129/ Present your responses in the form of short answers to the questions below (not in essay form). Note: As you answer the questions, be guided by the information Rhetorical Choices: Analyzing and Writing Arguments provides in Chapters 3 and 4 to refresh your understanding of rhetorical situation, purpose, audience, kairos, the ethos, pathos, and logos appeals, and rhetorical analysis. 1. Where did this text originally appear? 2. What is the genre of the text? What are the common rhetorical purposes for texts in this genre? (See pp. 22-24 in Rhetorical Choices for examples) 3. What can you discern about the discourse community in which this text is operating? Who is part of the discourse community, what values are important to them, what do members of this discourse community...
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...This small abstract underscores the main conceptual meanings of gender and development.lt shows the heated debate among scholars and substantiates how elusive these concepts are in development discourses. In the 1970s the word gender became a buzzword both in development discourse and policy making. The feminist movement challenged the existing theories of development which neglected women and excluded women in the mainstream development. It is in this backdrop that women like Boserup (1970) championed or spearheaded the women in development approach (WID) as a means of inco-operating gender analysis in development. However, the main thrust of this abstract is not on theoretical approaches but rather a definition of concepts such as gender and development. A limited understanding of gender using some dictionary denotations would mean being male or female. If such, then gender studies would not be of any sociological interest. According to Cornwall (1997) gender relates to the various relations between men and women, boys and girls, mothers and their sons, fathers and their daughters, men and men, women and women and so on. Gender refers to the roles and responsibilities of men and women that are created in our families, our societies and our cultures (Schech and Haggis 2000, Razavi and Miller 1995; Kabeer 1995). According to Oxfam (1999) the concept of gender also includes the expectations held about the characteristics, aptitudes and likely behaviours of both women and men (femininity...
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...alternative theoretical framework for understanding student learning. Higher Education, 55(3), 321 - 332. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10734-007-9057-5 Alienation and engagement: Development of an alternative theoretical framework for understanding student learning Jennifer M. Case Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cape Town Abstract In this paper it is suggested that the themes of alienation and engagement offer a productive alternative perspective for characterising the student experience of learning in higher education, compared to current dominant perspectives such as that offered by approaches to learning and related concepts. A conceptual and historical background of the concept of alienation is presented, followed by an overview of some contemporary perspectives. Drawing on this literature, a framework is then developed for characterising student learning. It comprises three categories, referring to the alienation resulting from 1. entering the higher education community, 2. fitting into the higher education community, and 3. staying in the higher education community. Each category has an associated set of theoretical tools that can be drawn upon in analysing this aspect of the student experience. Keywords: alienation, engagement, student learning, tertiary education, approaches to learning Address for correspondence: Dr J Case, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa ...
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...Throughout the course of the semester, my writing as drastically improved through analyzing and understanding the course goals, its objectives, the topics of the papers, and grading rubrics. Utilizing the syllabus allowed me to see what was expected of me as a writer, and how I would be critiqued in my writing, starting with the first paper which asked me to explain the moment or experience when I knew I was a part of a discourse community. At first, I did not understand what I was supposed to write. Once we talked about it in class and went over discourse community characteristics and sample papers, my paper began to flourish from draft one all the way to draft four. In draft one, I finished my paper with “I became so good with weave that...
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...and a psychometric research and give example from applied linguistic studies. 2. Find a report of an ethnographic research in applied linguistics and give your comments on the following points: * The research question * The contexts the research was conducted * What is group or case under study? * What conceptual and theoretical frame works inform the study? * What field techniques were used? For how much time? In what contexts? What were the roles of the ethnographer? 3. Find a report of an ethnographic research in applied linguistics and give your comments on: * What field techniques were used? For how much time? In what contexts? What were the roles of the ethnographer? * What analysis strategies were developed and used? what levels and types of context were attended to in interpretation? - What recurrent patterns are described? - What cultural interpretation is provided? - What are the stated implications for teaching? Question 1.What is ethnographic research? State the difference between an ethnographic research and a psychometric research and give example from applied linguistic studies. ------------------------------------------------------------- Ethnographic research is one form of qualitative research which concerns with studying human behavior within the context in which that behavior would occur naturally and in which the role of the researcher would not affect...
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...Construction of Gender. 6. ‘I’m Quite Good at Mexican Food’: Men’s Narratives in Mixed Conversation. 7. ‘Still in Shock Weren’t You Darling’: Masculinity and the Heterosexual Couple. 8. ‘There are Problems’: Men’s Talk and Contemporary Masculinities. Cowburn, Malcolm. (2004). Men, masculinities and what men do: the relationship of critique and change (invited review essay). Sexualities, 7, 4 497-501. Edley, N. (2001a). Analysing masculinity: Interpretative repertoires, ideological dilemmas and subject positions. In M. Wetherell, S. Taylor & S. Yates. (eds.), Discourse as data: a guide for analysis (pp. 189-229). London: Sage Publications. Edley, N. (2001b). I. Conversation analysis, discursive psychology and the study of ideology: A response to Susan Speer. Feminism & Psychology, 11(1), 136-140. Edley, N., and M. Wetherell. (1997). Jockeying for position: the construction of masculine identities. Discourse and Society, 8(2), 203-217. Herring, Susan, Deborah A. Johnson, and Tamra DiBenedetto. (1995). ‘This Discussion is Going Too Far!’: Male Resistance to Female Participation on...
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