...The Future of Policing Christina Johnson CJS/210 September 14, 2014 Ronald Rucker University of Phoenix Policing in the United States has changed dramatically since it was first brought to the thirteen colonies from England. However, some of the issues faced then are being faced in policing today. There are also new trends that are prevalent, and these trends will continue to have lasting effects on the future of policing. Even though new trends improve policing overall, they can also cause more serious issues. It is crucial to continue making changes topolicing because it allows law enforcement officers to keep up with the rest of society, including the knowledge of new crime trends. This paper will describe the current trends and issues in policing and analyze possible solutions to improve policing tactics. One trend currently affecting policing is police-community relations. There is a strong emphasis now on community policing, which promotes trust and better relationships between police officers and community members, and less on the militaristic style (Stephens, 2005). Improving police-community relations not only accents the importance of diversity, but it reduces prejudice and discrimination by officers. Community policing helps build trust between the police and community members by relying on citizens to help fight crime. Hence, it is a type of proactive policing (Walker & Katz, 2011). By relying on citizens, police officers have a better chance at preventing...
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...Laws were created in the United States for a variance of different reasons. The laws confirm and set regulations for later legislatures to follow. The laws guide citizens and other figures from wrongdoing. Most laws, however, are directed at protecting the citizens under the law. The amendments in the Constitution, however, significantly play a role in protecting the citizens under the United States Constitution. Of the amendments, the 4th amendment grants citizens the rights against “unreasonable searches and seizures” (Schmalleger 2013). However, if this amendment is breached, the exclusionary rule applies, regarding any evidence obtained illegally unusable in trial. The evidence that is obtained illegally may not be used on the accused. The exclusionary rule protects citizens from unlawful searches. For example, if an officer pulled over a citizen for speeding, the police officer has the right to question the driver. The police officer also reserves the right to check for a valid driver’s license and insurance. However, for a routine traffic stop, the officer does not have the right to search through the trunk of the accused without a warrant. The law grants reasonable searches, as opposed to unreasonable searches – searches without a warrant. The exclusionary rule applies to all evidence obtained and related to a case. The Fruit of Poisonous Tree Doctrine denotes that “later evidence that derived from the illegal seizure” may also not be permissible in court (Schmalleger...
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...Running Head: POLICING AND THE DIVERSE NEEDS Policing and the Diverse Needs La Tonya A. Tate Survey of Justice and Security CJA 500 Steve Nance August 25, 2008 Policing in itself is a difficult task that needs the undivided attention of both law enforcement and the citizens they have sworn to protect. Sir Robert Peel said it best when he stated,” The police are the public and the public are the police ;the police being only members of the public who are paid to give full time attention to duties which are incumbent on every citizen in the interests of community welfare and existence”. He was stating that policing was needed for the public and needed to meet the needs of the public. Sir Robert created the first police force in 1829, when looking at the rising criminal acts Sir Robert decided that major changes needed to happen with the criminal code. The first officer's force was created under the Metropolitan Police Act, they were known as Bobby's boys or "bobbies. (Sir Robert Peel). In modern policing, the police were in were in the various communities to make a presence known and to deter crime and keep the peace. By today’s standards, policing has taken on variety of roles which make them more human instead of being separate from the citizens they are protecting. There are the roles of problem solver and counselor that have been added to the duties of the police. There has to be some sort of sensitivity to...
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...Abstract There are many factors in which comprise the impact of females in policing, one in which how they are treated within the work environment. Other things do come into play when trying to increase females in policing such as expanding on the diversity being accepted in police agencies. Many females think they are treated unfairly and unjust according to the system, it seems to always come back to the fact that women feel like they are being mistreated which needs to be changed. Females should not feel inferior to males within the workplace even if they are feeling belittled by other male officers. One way females can “vent” about what is being said or done to them, is mentoring within the workplace; this will help them with stress, and getting more comfortable with the job by being able to talk to someone about it. There are many positive affects that females have in law enforcement, and knowing that there should be a population growth with females in policing. Police departments are more diverse today than ever before. Females in policing are known to have a positive impact within all law enforcement, policing being most common. Many things come into play when females are within law enforcement, some being good, and some bad. Females do come across problems within the workplace, but so do males; this factor not setting them apart from males on the job. Females make a huge impact on policing in many ways, in which are positive to law enforcement. Although there are not...
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...Central Ohio Technical College Institute for Public Safety Law Enforcement Technology Autumn Semester, 2013 August 21 through December 11, 2013 Class Syllabus Course Title: Introduction to Criminal Justice Course Number: LET-100 Instructor: Bob Cromwell, MS BBA C: (740)258-0800 Office hours by appointment only. email: rcromwel@cotc.edu Required Materials: Textbook(s): Frank Schmalleger. (2014) Criminal justice: a brief introduction (10th edition). NJ: Pearson Education. ISBN: 978-0-13-300979-8 Packets: Not required Supplies: Any materials students may need to record information in face to face classroom setting AND access to internet for research projects. Additional Materials: None. Closed Reserve: None. ITS Resources: http://www.cotc.edu/faculty-and-staff/it-support/Pages/index.aspx Student Services: http://www.cotc.edu/student-life/Pages/default.aspx Library: http://www.cotc.edu/libraries/Pages/default.aspx College-Wide Policies: 1. Assessment -- As part of COTC’s campus-wide assessment initiatives (quality assurance program), samples of student performance such as test results, projects, papers, etc. may be used. The data gathered will not identify individual students and are not related to the student’s grade for the course, but will be used to improve student learning at COTC. 2. Disability -- Any student who...
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...person is raised plays a significant role in shaping his values, morals, behaviors and attitudes. These characteristics impact how a person thinks, and what his overall mind-set is toward the world around him. When a person is met with the principles and ideals of a different culture, a cross-cultural interaction takes place. ANALYING CROSS CULTURE WITH LAW ENFORCEMENT Most all law enforcement officials want to protect and serve people in their community equally even those with a mix of different back grounds. Most officers realize the challenges they face with understanding the complexity of the diverse society. The police have a hard time dealing with the challenges of police procedures and the interaction of the citizens in the diversity culture. Most departments and its officers have a lack of knowledge on the different cultures and this can end up violating someone’s rights or even an officer’s safety or cause a public embarrassment. Law enforcement officers and their personal must make sure their prejudices are in check and they refrain from acting on their biased. Most department are working on...
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...minorities can be found in many policing agencies across the United States. Unfortunately the history of policing in the United States portrays how hard it was for women and minorities to become police officers. Additionally history also shows how the minorities and women rose up to earn an equal opportunity to represent their communities as police officers. An All White Male Club Police agencies in earlier years lack several elements that most present day police agencies have. In history most police agencies lack both ethnic and gender diversity (Grant, 2008). As the 1960’s and 1970’s pass through, many equal opportunity and equal rights movements occurred, which opened up opportunities for women and minorities. Legislation was passed such as the 1964 Civil Rights Act which helped minorities fight employment discrimination by policing agencies (Grant, 2008). Eventually Affirmative action was born, which made policing agencies overlook ethnic and gender criteria, and hire personal based on their performance and qualifications. Their Changing Role With an equal opportunity of becoming police officers, many women and minorities need to adjust to their new roles. Women in today’s policing agencies currently answer more domestic abuse calls because they have been statistically better at handling those situations then male police officers (Grant, 2008). Policewomen also tend to hold more roles in community relations. Many policing agencies use minority officers...
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...Policing for the benefit and protection of the people has become a thing of the past in the eyes of many. The executives in the law enforcement agencies have made policing truly a game of numbers, meaning that police are more worried about how many arrests or traffic violations they make than taking into account the solution to the everyday problems of the communities. There seems to be a lack of concern for the communities and if they are actually becoming safer. The civilians of these communities recognize the dysfunctional focus of our police forces. A militarized police force is organized in a way in which our patrol officers or beat officers are not treated as equally to their superiors. “Structures operate better when they allow lower - level employees to make decisions and participate in leading organizations” (Conser, Paynich, and Gingerich 123 - 24)....
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...Police History Policing, or variations of it, has become the national mantra of the American police. Throughout the United States, the language, symbolism, and programs of policing have sprung up in urban, suburban, and even rural police departments. For more than 15 years, and through at least one generation of police officers, community and problem-oriented policing have been advanced by their advocates as powerful organizing themes for an emergent style of public safety. How these themes have influenced American policing is yet uncertain. The range and complexity of programs associated with police practices have often precluded systematic scientific investigation. Moreover, community and problem-oriented policing are themselves “moving targets” changing and modifying them in what is an often turbulent environment for law enforcement. This paper will discuss the impact of Sir Robert Peel on American Policing. Also included in this paper will be a brief discussion of the relationship between the United States government and the police organizations in the United States. I will also discuss how this relationship may affect police practices as well. To begin, the English statesman Sir Robert Peel (1788-1850) served as prime minister during 1834-1835 and 1841-1846. He played an important role in modernizing the British government's social and economic policies and sponsored the repeal of the Corn Laws in 1846 (Gale, 2004, pg.181). Sir Robert Peel was in the tradition of 19th-century...
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...Women and Minorities in Law Enforcement Throughout policing history the roles of women and minorities have changed tremendously. In this paper I will discuss the role of women and minorities throughout policing history, how it has changed over time, how the change has affected modern policing agencies and compare women and men police recruits. In 1972 the act “Tittle VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act” prohibited employment discrimination on the basis of color, race, religion or sex (Grant & Terry, 2008). Policing was considered to be a white man’s job and if any women were hired they were more like social workers. Because laws were created there was political pressure to hire women and minorities. Overtime the role of women and minorities have changed because of the increase of hire rates among them. A major change in women policing is that women were assigned to patrol duty (Walker & Katz, 2011). According to Walker & Katz, Hispanic and African American officers are the majority in some departments today. There are also gay and lesbian officers. The roles changing have affected modern policing agencies such as women and minorities holding high ranks. There has also been an increase in diversity among police departments which may have been difficult at times. When the police were looking for recruits the males more than likely didn’t have a high school diploma and were only required to know how to speak, read and write English well enough to get by. The women recruits...
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...Cultural Considerations Mary Parker AJS 502 August 26, 2013 Susan Gorman Cultural Considerations Cultural diversity is normal in society today. People come from different races, cultures, and backgrounds. People have to learn the importance of respecting the culture of others. Everyone can learn from others. Superiority does not exist because of an individual’s culture. Some people from different cultural backgrounds believe that he or she is better than others but this is an untruth. Cultural concerns can have a negative influence on justice and security administration. Stereotyping because of an individual’s culture is a problem in society. Good people exist in every race and so do not so good people. One person of a specific culture making a mistake does not mean that the entire culture of people will make the same mistake. People of different cultures do not always receive fair treat in the justice system. An example of this would be an African American male who is serving 20 years in prison because he was falsely indentified during a lineup. People have to be willing to acknowledge that he or she is not sure that the individuals in the lineup are the guilty party. Some people like to say that African Americans look alike. This is not true. Some people may have similar features but this does not mean that he or she looks alike. African Americans are often not hired for certain positions for fear that he or she will not be honest. This type of behavior and...
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...The United States of America is one of the most diverse countries in the world. People come from all over the world to the US in order to make a life for themselves. In the event that they ever have a run-in with the law, they also expect to be treated justly by the criminal justice system. While laws have been amended and created over the years, lawmakers have neglected to create a substantial amount of laws that take diversity into account. In the instance of selling drugs, certain drugs such as crack, a drug used primarily by African Americans, result in longer prison sentences and higher penalties. On the other hand, cocaine, a drug used primarily by Whites, ensues fewer penalties. Our laws must take ethnic differences into account because not all crimes result in the same course of punishment. In this paper, I will discuss the impact of culture on the criminal justice system and describe contemporary methods used by the police department and security firms while working with diverse populations. Furthermore, I will detail nondiscriminatory practices within the criminal justice system and outline Sir Robert Peel’s nine principles in relation to police departments. Race and ethnicity are important factors to incorporate into laws. Many of the current laws are outdated in the sense that they do not take cultural differences into account. Current US populations have a different racial and ethnic make-up than when most laws and the Constitution were created. Present day...
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...The future of policing is fairly clear in what direction it is heading. It has been slowly reforming to meet the needs of the people, reduce crime, and make policing more efficient. Some of the reforms that will probably take place in the future include, better educated police officers and police managers, consolidation of police departments to save on money and resources, upgraded technology, race and gender equality, better testing techniques to recruit and promote within the department, and improved proactive planning techniques. One of these proactive tools that will surely become more widely used and implemented better is community policing. It has been evolving since its first introduction into the police world and will see more reforms in the future. Compstat should also become more widely used by almost all police departments to make those in charge more accountable and for improved crime mapping. Current economic and political trends will affect how, and if, certain reforms take place. Some trends like the increased costs for medical services will affect officer's salaries and benefits, while the growth of inexpensive technology with instant communication through cell phones and personal computers will improve response time and distribution of information quickly and effectively. Changes population demographics, with the increase in the cultural and ethic diversity of the population will create more of need for career equality. This will also be pushed...
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...Policing in United States Benjamin Quek CJA 344 University of Phoenix Community policing is essential if law enforcement is to face the challenge of promoting greater racial harmony as the future grows nearer. Community policing also prevents the police from being misused and taken advantage of as they have been in the past (Trojanowicz, 1991). Community policing contributes to the developing and improving the racial development in obvious and subtle ways (Trojanowicz, 1991). Community policing changes the possible relationship between police and residents. Community policing can provide and develop a relationship of one with respect and truth (Trojanowicz, 1991). Community Policing takes a different role to crime, drugs, and disorder, one that can augment and enhance traditional tactics, such as rapid response and undercover operations (Trojanowicz, 1991). Community policing allows direct contact with the people to the community. It gives the average citizen by allowing him or her to join as partners with the police in efforts to make his or her communities better and safer places in which to live and work. This builds a more trustworthy partnership between the citizens, community police, and police. Community officers have a stronger relationship with the citizens of their area since they have that face to face factor every day. Community police are also there to listen to the needs of people within their communities. Communities police can give the police...
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...HistoryMain article: History of criminal justice The modern criminal justice system has evolved since ancient times, with new forms of punishment, added rights for offenders and victims, and policing reforms. These developments have reflected changing customs, political ideals, and economic conditions. In ancient times through the Middle Ages, exile was a common form of punishment. During the Middle Ages, payment to the victim (or the victim's family), known as wergild, was another common punishment, including for violent crimes. For those who could not afford to buy their way out of punishment, harsh penalties included various forms of corporal punishment. These included mutilation, branding, and flogging, as well as execution. Though a prison, Le Stinche, existed as early as the 14th century in Florence, Italy,[18] incarceration was not widely used until the 19th century. Correctional reform in the United States was first initiated by William Penn, towards the end of the 17th century. For a time, Pennsylvania's criminal code was revised to forbid torture and other forms of cruel punishment, with jails and prisons replacing corporal punishment. These reforms were reverted, upon Penn's death in 1718. Under pressure from a group of Quakers, these reforms were revived in Pennsylvania toward the end of the 18th century, and led to a marked drop in Pennsylvania's crime rate. Patrick Colquhoun, Henry Fielding and others led significant reforms during the late eighteenth and early...
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