...DNS scenario Dear junior IT, First off thank you for contacting my with your questions ill will try to help you to the best of my ability. So you are working at two branch offices and have been tasked with where to place Active-Directory Integrated DNS Servers and what type to use. Before I answer these questions I will ask you one myself. Do you know what an ADI DNS is and the different type of zones there are? If not I will enclose some details two my question. Secondly you say One of the branch offices is very small (maybe 5 users) and has very slow network connectivity. Do you need a DNS Server and, if so, which type of zone should it host? I would not recommend placing an ADI in your group because it isn’t big enough also it will slow the network down more than it already is. Finally you also said the second branch office is much larger (about 30 users) and has better network connectivity. Does this office need a DNS Server and, if so, what type of zone would I recommend? I would say yes you need a dns sever for this group and I would set it with the primary zone the DNS server is the primary source for information about this zone, and it stores the master copy of zone data in a local file or in AD DS. Thank you, IT administrator Active Directory–integrated DNS enables Active Directory storage and replication of DNS zone databases. Windows 2008 DNS server, the DNS server that is included with Windows 2008 Server, accommodates storing...
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...Windows Server 2003 on a stand-alone server, run the Active Directory Wizard to create the new Active Directory forest or domain, and then convert the Windows Server 2003 computer into the first domain controller in the forest. To convert a Windows Server 2003 computer into the first domain controller in the forest, follow these steps: 1. Insert the Windows Server 2003 CD-ROM into your computer's CD-ROM or DVD-ROM drive. 2. Click Start, click Run, and then type dcpromo. 3. Click OK to start the Active Directory Installation Wizard, and then click Next. 4. Click Domain controller for a new domain, and then click Next. 5. Click Domain in a new forest, and then click Next. 6. Specify the full DNS name for the new domain. Note that because this procedure is for a laboratory environment and you are not integrating this environment into your existing DNS infrastructure, you can use something generic, such as mycompany.local, for this setting. Click Next. 7. Accept the default domain NetBIOS name (this is "mycompany" if you used the suggestion in step 6). Click Next. 8. Set the database and log file location to the default setting of the c:\winnt\ntds folder, and then click Next. 9. Set the Sysvol folder location to the default setting of the c:\winnt\sysvol folder, and then click Next. 10. Click Install and configure the DNS server on this computer, and then click Next. 11. Click Permissions compatible only with Windows 2000 or Windows Server 2003...
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...DNS Domain Name System (DNS) is a circulated database system for running host names and their allied Internet Protocol (IP) addresses. Using DNS means that people can use simple names, such as"www.bagleys.com" to find a host, rather than using the IP address (192.168.1.200). A single server may only be dependable for knowing the host names and IP addresses for a small breaking up of a zone, but DNS servers can work together to chart all domain names to their IP addresses. A DNS server working together is what allows computers to speak across the Internet. DNS information is broken up into a hierarchy of domains. Servers are responsible to know only a small portion of information, such as a single secondary domain. The segment of a domain for which the server is openly accountable is called a zone. A DNS server that has full host information and data for a zone is measured reliable for the zone. An authoritative server can reply to inquiries about hosts in its zone use its own resource records. The query route depends on a number of factors. DNS data is divided into controllable sets of data called zones. Zones contain name and IP address data about one or more parts of a DNS domain. A server that contains all of the data for a zone is the authoritative server for the domain. Sometimes it may make sense to pass on the authority for answering DNS queries for a particular sub domain to another DNS server. In this case, the DNS server for the domain can be configured to pass...
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...3 1 DNS: is a standard technology for managing the names of Web sites and other Internet domains. 2 Domain: a domain is a sub network made up of a group of clients and servers under the control of one central security database. Within a domain, users authenticate once to a centralized server known as a domain controller, rather than repeatedly authenticating to individual servers and services. Individual servers and services accept the user based on the approval of the domain controller. 3 FQDN: is a domain name that specifies its exact location in the tree hierarchy of the Domain Name System (DNS). It specifies all domain levels, including the top-level domain and the root zone. 4 DNS Resolver: The client-side of the DNS is called a DNS resolver. It is responsible for initiating and sequencing the queries that ultimately lead to a full resolution (translation) of the resource sought, e.g., translation of a domain name into an IP address. 5 Host Name: is a label that is assigned to a device connected to a computer network and that is used to identify the device in various forms of electronic communication such as the World Wide Web, e-mail or Usenet. Hostnames may be simple names consisting of a single word or phrase, or they may be structured. 6 DNS Zone: is a portion of a domain name space using the Domain Name System (DNS) for which administrative responsibility has been delegated. 7 Zone File: zone file is a text file that describes a DNS zone. The zone file contains...
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...DNS Server Role Updated: January 21, 2008 Domain Name System (DNS) is a system for naming computers and network services that is organized into a hierarchy of domains. TCP/IP networks, such as the Internet, use DNS to locate computers and services through user-friendly names. To make using network resources easier, name systems such as DNS provide a way to map the user-friendly name for a computer or service to other information that is associated with that name, such as an IP address. A user-friendly name is easier to learn and remember than the numeric addresses that computers use to communicate over a network. Most people prefer to use a user-friendly name—for example, sales.fabrikam.com—to locate an e-mail server or Web server on a network rather than an IP address, such as 157.60.0.1. When a user enters a user-friendly DNS name in an application, DNS services resolve the name to its numeric address. What does a DNS server do? A DNS server provides name resolution for TCP/IP-based networks. That is, it makes it possible for users of client computers to use names rather than numeric IP addresses to identify remote hosts. A client computer sends the name of a remote host to a DNS server, which responds with the corresponding IP address. The client computer can then send messages directly to the remote host's IP address. If the DNS server does not have an entry in its database for the remote host, it can respond to the client with the address of a DNS server that...
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...configuration. The name server answers the queries. Read RFCs 1034 and 1035. These contain the bulk of the DNS information and are superseded by RFCs 1535-1537. Naming is in RFC 1591. The main function of DNS is the mapping of IP addresses to human readable names. Three main components of DNS Resolver Name server Database of resource records (RRs) Domain Name System The Domain Name System (DNS) is basically a large database which resides on various computers and it contains the names and IP addresses of various hosts on the internet and various domains. The Domain Name System is used to provide information to the Domain Name Service to use when queries are made. The service is the act of querying the database, and the system is the data structure and data itself. The Domain Name System is similar to a file system in UNIX or DOS starting with a root. Branches attach to the root to create a huge set of paths. Each branch in the DNS is called a label. Each label can be 63 characters long, but most are less. Each text word between the dots can be 63 characters in length, with the total domain name (all the labels) limited to 255 bytes in overall length. The domain name system database is divided into sections called zones. The name servers in their respective zones are responsible for answering queries for their zones. A zone is a subtree of DNS and is administered separately. There are multiple name servers for a zone. There is usually one primary name server and one or more...
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...Internet. From the touch of a button or a click of a mouse a user can gain access to a plethora of information. There are many different protocols and services that are interconnected to provide this ability. One such service is called Domain Naming System (DNS). DNS is an Internet service that translates domain names into IP addresses. This may not seem like a big deal to most but many would beg to differ if they had known that without DNS they would have to remember billions of numbers. Everything in a network has an IP address. DNS helps us designate what those devices are. There are 3 basic components of DNS which are zones (or namespace), name servers and resolvers. In the following reading you will learn what DNS is as well as the working components that make it as reliable as it is today. DNS was invented in 1983 shortly after Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) was deployed. DNS operates on port 53 and utilizes User Datagram Protocol (UDP). The only time that the Transmission Control Protocol is used is when the response size exceeds 512 bytes. The only time that UDP can be used to transport more than 512 bytes is if EDNS is used. EDNS is basically an extension of DNS. Before the use of DNS, every computer on the network would retrieve a file called HOST.txt from a computer at SRI International. SRI is a contract research institute that focuses on communications, networks, robotics, and other forms of Information Technology (IT). This file would...
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...for forwarding DNS queries for external DNS names to DNS servers outside the network and conditional forwarders can be used to forward queries according to specific domain names. When we designate a DNS server as a forwarder, then that forwarder is responsible for handling external traffic. Which limits DNS server’s exposure to the internet. In less time, a forwarder resolves a large number of external DNS queries using cached data built by it. This decrease the response time of DNS server. Server which doesn’t have forwarder setup. That server can use root hints to resolve queries. Conditional forwarder:- Conditional forwarders are using to forward queries according to domain names by DNS server. A DNS servers can be configure to forward queries to different forwarders according to the specific domain names that are contained in the queries is better than having a DNS server forward all queries it cannot resolve locally to a forwarder. When we configure the DNS server in one internal namespace to forward all queries to the authoritative DNS server in a second internal namespace, Conditional forwarders enable name resolution between the two namespaces without performing recursion on the DNS namespace of internet. This performance enhances name resolution which also avoids DNS servers performing recursion to our internal root for different namespaces within the network. How to configure Forwarder:- There are two ways to configure forwarder in DNS server. 1. A) We can...
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...1. The purpose of the Global Names Zone in Windows server 2008 is used to hold single label names. The Global Names zone is intended to provide single-label name resolution for a limited set of host names, typically corporate servers and web sites that are centrally managed. The Global Names zone is most commonly used to hold CNAME resource records to map a single-label name to a Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN). Global Names Zone functionality is not intended to fully replace Wins. GNZ provides single-label name resolution whereas WINS provides NetBIOS resolution. 2. Because the DNS server that runs on an RODC cannot directly register client updates, it has to refer the client to a DNS server that hosts a primary or Active Directory-integrated copy of the zone file. This server is sometimes referred to as a "writable DNS server." When a client presents a Find Authoritative Query, which is the precursor to an update request, the DNS server on the RODC uses the domain controller Locator to find domain controllers in the closest site. The RODC then compares the list of domain controllers that is returned with the list of name server (NS) resource records that it has. The RODC returns to the client the NS resource record of a writable DNS server that the client can use to perform the update. The client can then perform its update. If no domain controller in the closest site matches an entry in the list of NS records for the zone, the RODC attempts to discover any...
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...Understanding DNS Understanding Types of DNS servers Examining Server Configuration Files Configuring a Caching DNS server Configuring a Secondary Master DNS server Configuring a Primary Master DNS server Checking Configuration Understanding DNS ● Domain Name System (DNS), which is used for name address resolution Name address resolution is, simply stated, the conversion of people friendly names into computer friendly numbers It is the mechanism by which Internet software translates names to addresses and vice versa Computers prefer numbers to names DNS provides the mapping between the two – ● ● ● ● I have “x”, give me “y” No way to search the database ● DNS is NOT a directory service Understanding DNS.... What is namespace? ● Sites are referenced by their fully qualified domain name (FQDN) Eg: www.kernel.org. Each string between the periods in this FQDN is significant Starting from the right and moving to the left, 3 components can be identified – – – ● ● ● The top-level domain component The second-level domain component The third-level domain component Third-level domain serverA . example . Top-level domain org . Root domain Second-level domain ● ● The root domain is represented by the simple dot (.) This portion of the domain namespace is managed by a bunch of special servers known as the root name servers Special class of server => Root Server – – – ● Provides information for the domain The root name servers are named...
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...600 North Las Vegas, Nevada 89032 NT1330 Client-Server Networking II Name: ____________________________________________________ Date: _______________________ NT1330 Week 2, Assignment 2 Instructions: 1. Complete this assignment and submit it prior to the beginning of the next class meeting. 2. Completely fill in the bubble for the correct answer(s), any other mark such as an X or just a line through it will be marked as incorrect. 1. DHCP frees system administrators from manually configuring each host on the network. A True B False 2. The smaller the network, the greater the benefit of using a dynamic address assignment. A True B False 3. DHCP provides three key benefits to those managing and maintaining a TCP/IP network. A True B False 4. The key aspect of the DHCP process is that it is dynamic. A True B False 5. Once a DHCP scope is defined and exclusion ranges are applied, the remaining addresses form what is called an available address pool within the scope. A B True False 6. To conserve disk space, DNS servers store only the most recent updates. A True B False 7. The primary DNS server for a zone is not required to perform an incremental zone transfer. A True B False Steve Todd Page 1 of 8 8. For replication of Active Directory–integrated zones, DNS notification is needed. A True B False 9. Scavenging is enabled by default. A True B False 10. As long as the TTL for a cached resource record does not expire, a DNS server can continue to cache and use the resource record...
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...DNS zones are categorized by where information is stored, whether they are able to be written to, and the type of data they send and receive. Zones can be kept in an Active Directory or in text files. Primary Zones- are a zone that hosts a read and writes copy of the DNS zone in which records are produced and administered. Only one primary server per zone is allowed, and only this server loads and hosts the master copy of the zone. In addition, this server is also the only one allowed to process dynamic updates and zone changes. The primary server is generally located in a readily accessible location to allow administration of the zone file. Secondary Zones- One or more servers can be used to store a read-only copy of the primary DNS zone. Information is received from the primary through a zone transfer, which copies the zone file from the primary server to the secondary server. These zone transfers can be full--meaning it transfers the complete zone contents each time or incremental meaning it transfers only changed information since the last transfer. Stub Zones- Windows Server 2008 can also be configured as stub zones. These servers maintain a copy of the zone that only contains records necessary to identify authoritative DNS servers for its zone. Think of it as a pointer used to provide DNS resolution efficiency. Using the stub zones list of name servers, a DNS server can resolve queries without querying the Internet or other internal root...
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...What is the purpose of the Global Names Zone in Windows Server 2008 DNS servers? Explain modifications necessary to DNS for accommodating Read Only Domain Controllers (RDOC). How is this different from the way DNS handles ordinary domain controllers? Explain background zone loading? How does background zone loading promote efficiency in name resolution? Explain how DNS has been modified to add support for IPv6. How can DNS distinguish between IPv4 and IPv6 host in determining which resource record to return? Bibliography Windows Server 2008 has deployed many new and updated items one in particular is its DNS systems. The purpose of this paper is to better understand these modifications. Along with a better understanding how it differentiates between IPv4 and the new up and coming IPv6. We will use many sources to confirm and relate the information as needed. Global Name Zones provide the user to have static records. It does not support dynamic updates (Petri 2009), and it was to aid the old WINS system that has been around since Windows NT. (Petri 2009) It is more commonly referred as the GNZ in the IT world of acronyms. If the records are not maintained by IT administrators it is not worth having them be GNZ’s. It helps you communicate with trusted people outside of your zone. (Ruest 2008) There is a modification that must be done in order to use Read Only Domain Controllers (RDOC). They hold a version of the DNS in remote offices for companies that cannot...
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...transfer all records within a zone from a primary server to a secondary server. full zone transfer (AXFR) A(n) _ _ creates an alias for an existing A record. CNAME Record 2. A(n) _ _ is used by e-mail systems such as Microsoft Exchange to locate mail servers in different networks. Mail Exchanger (MX) record 3. The _ _ allows IPv6 hosts to map host names to IP addresses. country code 4. This DNS configuration item will forward DNS queries to different servers based on the domain name of the query. Conditional forwarder 4. This type of zone takes human-readable FQDNs and translates them into IP addresses. Forward lookup zone This zone is used in combination with IP addresses to resolve queries for IPv4 IP addresses: in.addr-arpa 5. The IPv6 DNS host record is referred to as a(n): AAAA record A DNS server that hosts a primary or secondary zone containing a particular record can issue the following response to a query for that record: Authoritative answer 6. You can secure an Active Directory-integrated DNS server, zone, or record by applying the following to it: Discretionary Access Control List 7. This zone type contains only SOA, name server, and glue records for the relevant zone. Stub zone 8. Data from a primary zone is transmitted to secondary zones using the following: Zone transfer 9. These contain the names and IP addresses of the DNS servers authoritative for the root zone. Root Hints 10. The following...
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...be able to use one DNS server for a larger, multiple sub-netted network area. If you have a high number of client nodes on a single subnet design, you might want to add more than one DNS server to the subnet to provide backup and failover if the preferred DNS server stops responding. When determining the number of DNS servers you need to use, assess the effect of zone transfers and DNS query traffic on slower links in your network. Although DNS is designed to help reduce broadcast traffic between local subnets, it does create some traffic between servers and clients that should be reviewed, particularly when used in complexly routed LAN or WAN environments. Consider the effects of zone transfer over slower speed links, like those typically used for a wide area network (WAN) connection. Although the DNS Server service supports incremental zone transfers and DNS clients and servers can cache recently used names, traffic considerations are sometimes still an issue, particularly when DHCP leases are shortened and, as a result, dynamic updates in DNS are performed more frequently. One option for dealing with remote locations on WAN links is to set up a DNS server at these locations to provide caching-only DNS service. With most installations, you should have at least two server computers hosting each of your DNS zones for fault tolerance. DNS was designed to have two servers for each zone, one as a primary server and the other as a backup or secondary server. When making any final...
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