...rehabilitation. Some prisons provide faith based prisoner rehabilitation where religion is used to encourage inmates to adapt some moral values for example, Idaho Correctional Institute introduced prison-based dog training program called Inmate Dog Alliance Project Idaho where prisoners receive training to train dogs from animal shelters. The prisoners learn a joy, a compassion and responsibility that can come from raising and training a dog, as well as skills that can help prisoners find a job when he or she is released from prison. Inmate drug abuse treatment focuses on simultaneously reducing offender substance abuse and criminal behavior. (Inside Prison, 2011) Some early eighteenth and twentieth century prisons were proponents or rehabilitation polices. Early the early 1820’s American prisons such as those at Auburn, Ossining and Pittsburgh implemented rehabilitation principles. The early programs isolated convicts in order to remove him or her from the temptations that had driven him or her to crime and to provide each inmate with time to reflect on his or her deeds. This belief that all convicts would return to his or her inherently good natures when removed from the corrupting influences of society gave way more aggressive forms of treatment informed by the rise of social scientific studies into criminal behavior. (Smith, 2008) Prison rehabilitation affects prisons in a variety of way (1). Rehabilitation programs give the prisoners some incentives to be a better person...
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...Breed” is a registered 501c3 non-profit animal rescue and advocacy group that is dedicated saving “pit bull” type dogs from animal control and kill shelters and placing them in foster homes located all over Illinois and Northwest Indiana. This non-profit organization works very hard to assist the public with protecting and caring for these breeds. The organization helps to spay/neuter, fight against breed-specification legislation, help other rescue organizations and individuals by posting images of their dogs on their webpage for viewers to see, screen adoption applications for other non-profit organizations, educate the public about responsible bully breed ownership, combat dog fighting, and help promote a positive image and understanding of all bully breeds. They are a 100% volunteer organization and rely solely on donations from supporters, adoptions, and money they raise through fundraisers which all go right back to the dogs. In 2014, this organization helped rescue, rehabilitate, and, when they were ready, find forever homes for over 40 bully breed dogs. The non-profit organization “Don’t Bully My Breed” provides pit bull advocates with a code of ethics, and they fully support and help rescuers/owners practice ways of being a good handler of this specific breed by providing guidelines for them. So the question is, how do we make an organization receive a better reputation and more awareness to the public due to the type of breed of dog they 100% support through a public relations...
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...“Between stimulus and response there is a space. In that space lies our freedom and power to choose our response. In our response lies our growth and freedom.” Viktor Emil Frankl, M.D., Ph.D (Man's Search for Meaning; 1946 ) Everyone of us, Human or animal alike, have been living in this world since the primordial time. Coping with every change that had happened and developing new routine in everyday life. Routines that may soon be etch with in our system. That will eventually turn out to be a habit. A habit that will consume our senses until it will all become our Behavior. As to Psychologists, Behaviorism is more concerned with behavior than with thinking, feeling, or knowing. It focuses on the objective and observable components of behavior. Behaviorism focus on behaviors that can be observed only. Behaviorism deals with the consequences of behavior and those behaviors can be rewarded or punished. (Huitt, W., & Hummel, J. (2006). An overview of the behavioral perspective. Educational Psychology Interactive. Valdosta, GA: Valdosta State University. ) HISTORY Behaviourism is derived from the belief that free will is an illusion. According to a pure behaviourist, ( John B. Watson (1878-1958)) human beings are shaped entirely by their external environment. Alter a person's environment, and you will alter his or her thoughts, feelings, and behaviour. Provide positive reinforcement whenever someone perform a desired behaviour, and soon they will learn to perform the behaviour...
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...Assignment 2: Joe Salatino, President of Great Northern American Case Study 2/5/2013 BUS520-Leadership and Organizational Dr. Leonardo R. Serrano TiAnquaneta Q Wilson It seems like Great Northern American has done a decent job of using learning concepts to improve salesperson performance they have been going at it for 35 years, after all, and are still competitive in the marketplace. It would appear that Joe Salatino has proven techniques that help incentivize people to generate sales for the company. The case mentioned that the company was faced with stiff competition from internet sellers. With the developments in the past decade of telecommuting arrangements, there may be threats from direct competitors that employ cheaper methods of direct selling. As President of the organization he is responsible to give direction to his employees. He needs to help them to understand the Company's mission and work towards it. Joe could do an analysis of the organizational culture of his own company with them. Anonymously or directly he could ask their employees what is the perception they have about the Company. After that ask what in their opinion may have generated this perception. Mr. Salatino can show how these perceptions ultimately influence the organization both positively and negatively. He could address the differences in the each individual personality, as people have different types of management, motivational issues, training, etc .So he could do an analysis of how perceptions...
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... 4. When individuals voluntarily abandon property, they forfeit any expectation of privacy in it that they might have had. Therefore, a warrantless search or seizure of abandoned property is not unreasonable under the Fourth Amendment. 5. Artists and poets look at the world and seek relationships and order. But they translate their ideas to canvas, or to marble, or into poetic images. Scientists try to find relationships between different objects and events. To express the order they find, they create hypotheses and theories. Thus the great scientific theories are easily compared to great art and great literature. 6. The fact that there was never a land bridge between Australia and mainland Asia is evidenced by the fact that the animal species in the two areas are very different. Asian placental mammals and Australian marsupial mammals have not been in contact in the last several million years. 7. The psychological impact and crisis created by birth of a defective infant is devastating. Not only is...
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...P A R T I Be Aware “ E very man takes the limits of his own field of vision for the limits of the world,” wrote philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer. The wider a person’s field of vision, of course, the deeper and more accurate his or her grasp of everyday experiences. The chapters included in this section of the book will enlarge your understanding of the thinking process; clarify the important and frequently misunderstood concepts of truth, knowledge, and opinion; identify the habits that corrupt thinking; and show you how to become a more critical reader. ISBN 1-256-46689-1 The Art of Thinking: A Guide to Critical and Creative Thought, Tenth Edition, by Vincent Ryan Ruggiero. Published by Pearson. Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. ISBN 1-256-46689-1 The Art of Thinking: A Guide to Critical and Creative Thought, Tenth Edition, by Vincent Ryan Ruggiero. Published by Pearson. Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. C H A P T E R 1 Developing Your Thinking: An Overview Is thinking an activity that is done automatically, without conscious effort, or one that we can direct? Is daydreaming a kind of thinking? Are feelings an effective substitute for thinking? Do exceptional thinkers experience mental blocks, lapses in concentration, and confusion the same way average thinkers do? Can thinking skill be acquired, or does one have to be born with it? In this chapter, you will find answers to these questions and other basic facts that will enable...
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...who rises up against authority has long influenced our cinema. It is no surprise that a gothic framework is usually employed when exploring the darker side of our history and national psyche. In recent times however, our inherently gothic existence is now being explored through a suburban lens and by examining both 'Animal Kingdom' (2010) and 'Snowtown' (2011), we can extrapolate the loss of innocence and the disenchantment of the landscape and what happens if we peel back the red sand, serene landscape and mysticism that has become a staple of our national cinema, we also begin to lift the facade that we as a society hide behind and find something much more sinister, something much more real that lies hidden in the forgotten and seldom spoken about parts of the country. The gothic mode “- frequently projects its protagonist into alien place or situation where the character is tried and tested; and this protagonist is almost always victimised by a powerful oppressor”. (Weaver, Palumbo & Sullivan, 2011) It takes the mundane, in this case the suburban landscapes of both outer Melbourne and rural small-town South Australia and it turns them into deadly, psychological prisons ruled by controlling psychopaths. By following both the innocent protagonists “J” (Animal Kingdom) and “Jaimie” (Snowtown) as they are thrust into malevolent family situations and suffer “quite brutal and frightening experiences-” (Garner, 2011) we can witness the visceral unmasking of the essential “aussie-battler”...
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...eVersion 1.0 - click for scan notes DON'T SHOOT THE DOG Karen Pryor To my mother, Sally Ondeck; my stepmother, Ricky Wylie; and Winifred Sturley, my teacher and friend. Contents Foreword 1—Reinforcement: Better than Rewards In which we learn of the ferocity of Wall Street lawyers; of how to—and how not to—buy presents and give compliments; of a grumpy gorilla, a grudging panda, and a truculent teenager (the author); of gambling, pencil chewing, falling in love with heels, and other bad habits; of how to reform a scolding teacher or a crabby boss without their knowing what you've done; and more. 2—Shaping: Developing Super Performance Without Strain or Pain How to conduct an opera; how to putt; how to handle a bad report card. Parlor games for trainers. Notes on killer whales, Nim Chimpsky Zen, Gregory Bateson, the Brearley School, why cats get stuck in trees, and how to train a chicken. 3—Stimulus Control: Cooperation Without Coercion Orders, commands, requests, signals, cues, and words to the wise; what works and what doesn't. What discipline isn't. Who gets obeyed and why. How to stop yelling at your kids. Dancing, drill teams, music, martial arts, and other recreational uses of stimulus control. 4—Untraining: Using Reinforcement to Get Rid of Behavior You Don't Want Eight methods of getting rid of behavior you don't want, from messy roommates to barking dogs to bad tennis to harmful addictions, starting with Method 1: Shoot the Animal, which definitely works, and ending with Method...
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...Introduction NOT FINISHED!! Erik Erikson theorized a psychosocial development model (Kirst-Ashman, Zastrow, 336). There are eight stages in all for this development theory; however, I am only in the sixth stage currently. Social workers can apply knowledge of these stages to assess their clients to find out what can best help the client. While I was assessing myself, I found that throughout most of the stages, had no difficulty resolving them on time. The stage that I took longest to resolve is the fourth, industry vs. inferiority. Trust vs. Mistrust (Age 0-18 months) NOT FINISHED!! Trust versus Mistrust is the first stage in Erikson, this stage deals with infants from birth to 18 months. The trust versus mistrust stage deals with the relationship between a child and their caregiver. If a child feels secure with their parent then they are able to resolve this crisis. The way for a child to feel secure means they need certain needs met; such as being fed, having their...
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...PETER SINGER ETHICS AND INTUITIONS (Received 25 January 2005; accepted 26 January 2005) ABSTRACT. For millennia, philosophers have speculated about the origins of ethics. Recent research in evolutionary psychology and the neurosciences has shed light on that question. But this research also has normative significance. A standard way of arguing against a normative ethical theory is to show that in some circumstances the theory leads to judgments that are contrary to our common moral intuitions. If, however, these moral intuitions are the biological residue of our evolutionary history, it is not clear why we should regard them as having any normative force. Research in the neurosciences should therefore lead us to reconsider the role of intuitions in normative ethics. KEY WORDS: brain imaging, David Hume, ethics, evolutionary psychology, Henry Sidgwick, Immanuel Kant, intuitions, James Rachels, John Rawls, Jonathan Haidt, Joshua D. Greene, neuroscience, trolley problem, utilitarianism 1. INTRODUCTION In one of his many fine essays, Jim Rachels criticized philosophers who ‘‘shoot from the hip.’’ As he put it: The telephone rings, and a reporter rattles off a few ‘‘facts’’ about something somebody is supposed to have done. Ethical issues are involved – something alarming is said to have taken place – and so the ‘‘ethicist’’ is asked for a comment to be included in the next day’s story, which may be the first report the public will have seen about the events...
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...Table of Contents Abstract 2 Introduction 3 The Impact Medical Technology has on Religion 6 How Religion Will Respond Given Their Principles and Doctrines 7 The anti-aging therapies are raising controversies in science and religion 12 Conclusion 13 References 14 Abstract People figured out early on that living longer would be beneficial if they had the chance to do so. They would be able to spend more time with their friends and family, have more time in life to accomplish things they set out to do, and they could simply enjoy more of what life has to offer. This is a great mindset for anyone to have since life is a beautiful thing and worth living. With all of the advanced medical technology on this specific subject and the new findings that are constantly being done to prolong the human lifespan, we start to enter into the area of what is ethically right and wrong and wonder how much is too much? There are many different forms of medical treatment that can save someone’s life. This will vary from medicine to surgery and many things in between. Not everyone will agree on some of the techniques used, but most people understand why someone would want to save their life. Since people will try to save their own lives if they are dying, many scientists believe that there is no difference in trying to extend a life through medicine, or trying to create a life from another person through a cloning system. This is where the tables turn from helping mankind,...
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...acclaimed author of the Young Adult series The Twilight Saga, embodies this shift to the “new” werewolf. Meyer made a drastic change to the very nature of what was once a ferocious beast by characterizing werewolves as more gentle and protective. People wonder, though, what caused this sudden switch of characteristics? Through texts such as Rick Bass’ The Ninemile Wolf, Barry Holstun Lopez’s Of Wolves and Men, Valerie Fogleman’s piece “American Attitudes Towards Wolves: a History of Misperception,” Stephenie Meyer’s The Twilight Saga, and more, this paper will argue that the “original” werewolf belief was founded on America’s misperception of wolves and that, through revelations in animal studies, particularly the Endangered Species Act of 1973, modern American culture has transitioned into a more animal sympathetic society, creating literary changes in the behavior of werewolves to occur with acceptance. There is a definitive transition between the “original” werewolf and the “new” werewolf. The question, though, is where does this...
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...The Behavior Analyst 1995, 18, 173-185 No. 1 (Spring) Encore "Reinforcement" in Behavior Theory William N. Schoenfeld Queens College, City University of New York, and Cornell University Medical College In its Pavlovian context, "reinforcement" was actually a descriptive term for the functional relation between an unconditional and a conditional stimulus. When it was adopted into operant conditioning, "reinforcement" became the central concept and the key operation, but with new qualifications, new referents, and new expectations. Some behavior theorists believed that "reinforcers" comprise a special and limited class of stimuli or events, and they speculated about what the essential "nature of reinforcement" might be. It is now known that any stimulus can serve a reinforcing function, with due recognition of such parameters as subject species characteristics, stimulus intensity, sensory modality, and schedule of application. This paper comments on these developments from the standpoint of reflex behavior theory. From its modest beginnings in behavior science, the term "reinforcement" has come to play a central role in modern behavior theory. Like so many others in psychology, the verb "to reinforce," and its cognate nouns and adjectives, were an importation from common usage in which they had seen broad service: reinforced concrete; reinforcing a conclusion; reinforcing a fence; and so on. In acquiring their new dignity in science, they have also acquired some status...
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...Learning Theories • The Technological Revolution • The Spectrum of Learning Theories • Behaviorism • Constructivism • Fitting the Other Theories into the Spectrum • Theory of Multiple Intelligence • Learning Theories and the Brain • Brain Structures • Implications for Learning Theory • Implications for Multimedia • References This chapter takes a brief look at the two major categories of learning theories (behaviorism and constructivism), the major theorists within those categories, and the implications of those theories for the use of multimedia and communications and information technology for learning purposes. A separate section within the chapter provides a brief overview of learning based upon neuroscience and recent discoveries about the functioning of the brain. A series of links are provided to further resources on learning theory, neuroscience, and the brain. [pic] Our Technological Revolution and the Implications for the Way We Learn We have all experienced a learning moment when we were so focussed or engulfed in the learning, that everything else did not matter. Candidly, the raison d'être or motivation for our focus may have been that we had a boss or teacher breathing down our neck or an impending exam was to quantify our level of knowledge or intelligence or a particular moment necessitated that a skill be learned very quickly. Regardless of the motivating factors for this moment of focussed learning...
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...Learning Theories • The Technological Revolution • The Spectrum of Learning Theories • Behaviorism • Constructivism • Fitting the Other Theories into the Spectrum • Theory of Multiple Intelligence • Learning Theories and the Brain • Brain Structures • Implications for Learning Theory • Implications for Multimedia • References By Darren Forrester & Noel Jantzie Kilde: http://www.acs.ucalgary.ca/%7Egnjantzi/learning_theories.htm This chapter takes a brief look at the two major categories of learning theories (behaviorism and constructivism), the major theorists within those categories, and the implications of those theories for the use of multimedia and communications and information technology for learning purposes. A separate section within the chapter provides a brief overview of learning based upon neuroscience and recent discoveries about the functioning of the brain. A series of links are provided to further resources on learning theory, neuroscience, and the brain. [pic] Our Technological Revolution and the Implications for the Way We Learn We have all experienced a learning moment when we were so focussed or engulfed in the learning, that everything else did not matter. Candidly, the raison d'être or motivation for our focus may have been that we had a boss or teacher breathing down our neck or an impending exam was to quantify our level of knowledge or intelligence or a particular moment necessitated...
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