...Continental drift is happening. Discuss the evidence Continental drift is defined as the gradual movement of continents across the Earths surface through geological time. As early as 1620, Francis Bacon noted the jigsaw-like fit between the east coast of South America and the west coast of Africa. However, it was in 1912 when a German meteorologist, Alfred Wegener, published his theory that all the continents were once joined together in one large supercontinent, which was named Pangaea. Wegeners theory of continental drift combined information from several subject areas, examples include: maps, biology, geology and climatology. Be that as it may, specialists in those disciplines rejected his ideas partly because he was not regarded as an expert himself, but mainly because he could explain how solid continents had changed their position. Wegener could never come up with an underlying reason for the motion of the continents. The theory of continental drift eventually evolved into the modern theory of plate tectonics. This holds that the lithosphere (or the Earth's crust) is made up of numerous plates that literally float on the underlying liquid asthenosphere. The motion of the plates and resulting activity at their edges to form mountains, trenches, and volcanoes explains the planet's topography. The first piece of evidence that really inspired Wegners quest to explain Earths geology was a map of the continents that showed the interlocking fit of Africa’s and South Americas...
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...Geometry Dash uses a simple tapping/clicking system to control different vehicles that react when a player presses anywhere on the touchscreen (space/up key(s), mouse, or "A" button if playing on the PC version) and can be held down to constantly interact (on some vehicles). Users cannot control the speed at which the icon is moving, the only way to change speed is by touching a speed changing portal. The timing and rhythm of the in-game music are key parts of the game, often in relation to each other. The object of the game is to complete a level by reaching its end; however, if the player dies at an obstacle, they will have to start over from the beginning.[1] All levels (with the exception of the three Demon levels in the full version) are unlocked from the start, so they can be played out of order. Along the way, the player can collect up to three secret coins in each official level, which are scattered in either hidden or challenging areas (or both).[citation needed] The icon can take up to seven separate forms, which behave differently with each interaction.[1] Forms themselves can be changed with seven separate portals, while the behaviour of these forms can be changed further with portals that include size portals, which change the size of the icon, mirror portals, which mirrors the game view, gravity portals, which change the gravity of the icon, double portals, that duplicates a reversed, anti-gravity version of the icon, and 5 speed portals that change the speed of...
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...Funfair The announcement of spring brings with it the promise of childish whims. Adventures to the beach. Picnics in the park. Endless possibilities. But, for the teenagers and the so called ‘adults’ that we call ‘Big Kids’, there is the funfair! The roar of music. The drums, thumping in the distance, like an elephant that rushes towards them. The bass tingling through their adrenaline-pumped bodies; racing through their blood; streaming through their system; while being blinded by the beaming rays of sunlight. Arriving at the park with stomachs full of butterflies baited on a high from sheer adrenaline, the punters swarm. Their hands are shaking, their palms sweating; listening to the sounds of the rides as they call out to them. The screaming children love the thrilling sensation that trickled through their bodies; while the mix of music from ever other ride overpowers the sound of the lone girl crying out for her friends. The luminous cloudless sky suddenly became sullen; provoking an eerie atmosphere from deep within an opaque sky. The cool breeze slivers around the skin of a young girl, creating goose bumps on top of goose bumps; across her bare, suntanned shoulders. The sunburn felt like sharpened daggers, piercing through her irritated flesh; one...by...one... Slowly and gently, the sun began to sink beneath the thick, rolling horizon, its amber rays continue to melt and glow like a crimson ink stain on the black abyss of night. This night is ablaze; luminescent...
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...Krista Van Wie Introduction Who should solemnly have the power to declare war? Should it really be the presidents decision and only his decision to declare war or should he have multiple decisions on the matter? In Rachel Maddows book Drift, we see how this big decision changes threw the decades and how it affects Congress, the president, and even the American people. In the end, who’s for it and who’s against it? America’s Founding to Vietnam When the war against Vietnam started, Lyndon B. Johnson did not call up the Guard of Reserves to fight. That was not a normal for the Reserves due to the fact that they had been called right away in every war in the past. Because of this, the Guard and Reserves were “the thing” to sign up for to avoid service. Americans were not prepared for this war with Vietnam since LBJ continually sent out troops to Vietnam to avoid sending out the Guard and Reserve. In the past, according to Maddow, “when the United States went to war, the entire United States went to war.” That wasn’t the case for Vietnam. LBJ kept the war as secretive as possible because he did not want to believe the United States was at war. He didn’t send out the Guard and Reserves to avoid Congress and the United States people freaking out. So he instead increased the draft size. Johnson, according to George A. Carver, “tried to fight the war on the cheap.” This is why this war was a few decades long tragedy. Post-Vietnam Change Post-war changes came the Total Force Policy...
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...The Continental Drift Shawna Taylor SCI 101-1404A November 3, 2014 The Continental Drift was a theory in the early 20th century of Alfred Wegener, a German scientist. Wegener believed that the continental landmasses were drifting across the earth. Wegener noticed the coasts of South America and western Africa looked like a jigsaw puzzle with interlocking pieces. Both continents had some of the same biological and geological similarities. The fossil of the ancient reptile mesosaurus was only found in South America and southern Africa. The mesosaurus is a freshwater reptile roughly one meter long and couldn’t have swum in the ocean due to it being a freshwater reptile. Wegener also believed that all the continents were once joined in a super continent also known as Pangaea meaning all lands in Greek. Many scientists didn’t believe Wegener’s theory of the continental drift back then. Today’s scientists know now that continents sit on massive slabs called tectonic plates. Tectonic plates are constantly interacting and moving called plate tectonics. After a period of time the tectonic activity changes the surface of the earth and reshapes and rearranging the landmasses. The scientific method attempts to explain the phenomena of the universe using a consistent, logical, systematic method of investigation, using data collection, hypothesis, experiment, and a theory. Establishing a new theory must be introduced to the scientific community, be well written, documented and submitted...
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...2013 The world as we know it may or may not have always existed. The formations of land masses and, the joining of the waters and ice caps that we recognize as earth in aerial photographs likely looked very different in the past. In this paper I hope to shed some light on the theory of continental drift and explain the various ideologies that attempt to explain these theories. The first term that must be understood in order to grasp the theory of continental drift is plate tectonics. The idea of plate tectonics dates back to the 1600’s, but was not given much credibility until 1915. It was at this time that meteorologist Alfred Wegner released a book based on his study of the continents. He proposed that the continents of the earth were once connected. This idea was based not only on the fact that the continents fit together like a jigsaw puzzle, but also the fact that there are similar fossils of both plants and animals found in the areas which would be connected if the continents were put back together. Wegener called this one continent world Pangaea.. Although Wegener offered the most credible evidence of continental drift to date, only a few others were confident in his theory. Most geologists ridiculed him for his ideas. The major flaw with Wegener’s theory was that he could not explain how the continents moved. His idea was that the continents simply drifted, forcing their way through the ocean floor. This simply was not enough to convince...
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...Drift nets or gill nets are large nets for capturing fish. They hang vertically in the water column by weights at the bottom and are allowed to drift with the tide. Because drift netting can capture a large quantity of fish at the same time, it is a method that is commonly used to catch tuna, swordfish and salmon. Gill netting is so effective that their use is closely monitored and regulated by fisheries management and enforcement agencies. Fish can be caught in several ways from tangled in the net to held by the mesh slipping behind the opercula of the fish. During a trial driftnet fishery in Canadian waters in 1987, one vessel killed more than 200 sea mammals and 1000 birds. After this experiment, Canada refused to permit driftnet fishing. Without doubt, drift netting is not only detrimental to wildlife species but it is tremendously wasteful. About half of the catch either falls back into the water as the nets are being retrieved or is crushed to useless pulp by tons of fish and successfully retrieved fish are usually damaged and must be sold at a reduced price. However, there are countries and regions who have taken this into consideration and reduced this problem. For example, the European Union banned the use of drift nets for no longer than 2.5 km. Some organizations such as North Pacific Anadromous Fish Commission (NPAFC) that include Canada, the United States, the Russian Federation, Korea and Japan have already been monitoring four million square kilometres of the North...
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...Continental Drift A German geologist and meteorologist named Alfred Wegener introduced a theory in 1915 that the Earth’s crust is slowly drifting using fossil records as his supporting evidence. Wegeners idea was Earth was one big continent 200 million years ago, he called it Pangaea, which means “All earth”. Albert Wegener published a book about this theory in 1915 called, On the Origin of Continents and Oceans. An Austrian geologist named Eduard Seuss was the first to find that there had once been a land bridge that connecting South America, Africa, India, Australia, and Antarctica, he named the large piece of land Gondwanaland, the southern part of the huge continent Pangaea after it broke up during the Jurassic period. Seuss’s theory is supported by the fossil plants that are found throughout India, South America, southern Africa, Australia, and Antarctica. Fossils of the first marine reptiles known as Mesosaurus that are even older than dinosaurs were found in South America and South Africa. With the discovery of the fossil in two different locations across water and the study of sedimentation and fossil plant in these southern continents led a South African scientist named Alexander duToit to supporting the idea that at one point all of the continents were once together and have drifted apart like Albert Wegener theorized. In 1960, a theory was made explaining the movement of the Earth’s plates and explains the causes of volcanoes, oceanic trenches, mountain...
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...1. The continental drift theory first supported by Alfred Wegener, is the theory that 220 million years ago the continents known today were once a supercontinent known as Pangaea. Over time, the continents drifted apart along the Earth’s surface to their current locations due to the rotation of the Earth. To support this theory, Wegener collected rocks and fossils from opposite sides of the Atlantic Ocean as proof that the continents were once united (Abbott, 2012). Sea floor spreading and magnetization patterns on sea floors also support the theory of continental drift. The floor of the Atlantic Ocean is striped with parallel bands of magnetized rock. These bands are symmetrical and parallel with the mid Atlantic ridge (Abbott, 2012). Each stripe has a twin on the opposite side of the ridge. These magnetized stripes moving away from the ridge support the theory of sea floor spreading. Plate tectonics is the description of the movements of plates and the effects of plate formation, collision, subduction, and slide-past (Abbott 2012). Plates are broken pieces of the Earth’s lithosphere. Plate tectonic theory states that the Earth’s crust is located on top of the lithosphere, allowing the crust to move. The crust moves due to forces generated within the asthenosphere, fueled by the internal heat of the Earth’s core. Four major scientific developments spurred the formulation of the plate-tectonics theory: (1) demonstration of the ruggedness and youth of the ocean floor; (2) confirmation...
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...Results: 1. Use Example 1 as a guide and the students’ data above to determine the allelic frequencies for the gene using the equations proposed by Hardy-Weinberg to support the equilibrium theorem. 2. Show that the allelic frequencies will not change over time. 3. Suggest conditions that could change these frequencies. What would the effects of the conditions be? Exercise 2: Evolution and Genetic Drift Results: Table 1: Student’s Results for an Ecological Study to Determine Genetic Drift Due to Selective Foraging Pressure by a Kestrel generation # of brown grasshoppers B? # of green grasshoppers bb q2 q p P2 2pq Y0 Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 Y5 For purposes of calculation: Let p = the frequency of the dominant allele, B. Let q = the frequency of the recessive allele, b. ? can denote either B or b. Why? Table 2: Class Results for an Ecological Study to Determine Genetic Drift Due to Selective Foraging Pressure by a Kestrel generation Avg # of brown grasshoppers Genotype B? N* = ________ (at least 3 sets) Avg # of green grasshoppers Genotype bb N* = ________ (at least 3 sets) q2 q p P2 2pq Y0 Y1 Y2...
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...Jonathan Signater CSS 1302-02 10-18-13 Medhurst General Purpose: To inform (Theory) Specific Purpose: My purpose is to inform my audience about the theory of Continental Drift. Central Idea: My central idea is making sure my audience has a better understanding of the Continental Drift and how the theory was formulated. The Continental Drift Theory` I.(Introduction) For years scientists struggled to explain how similar rocks and fossils were found on continents that are far apart from each other. Until the 20th century when scientist Alfred Wegener's theory of Continental Drift was introduced. A. "Before Wegner introduced his theory it was thought that mountains formed because the Earth was cooling down, and in doing so contracted. This was believed to form wrinkles, or mountains, in the Earth's crust. Wegener suggested that mountains were formed when the edge of a drifting continent collided with another, causing it to crumple and fold". ("The Earth in the Universe,"1999) -BBC reference. 1. Alfred Wegner noticed that the continents seemed to fit together at the edge of their continental shelves . 2. He noticed this because he observed that continents in the Southern Hemisphere have similar rock and fossil patterns. B. He believed that the continents were all once apart of a large supercontinent called Pangea. II. Aside from fossils and rock patterns...
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...CHAPTER 6 POPULATION GENETICS SELECTION 1. Which of the following options factually completes the statement, "If a population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium..."? a. There can be no more than two alleles. b. The two alleles will be present at equal frequency. c. Allele frequencies will not change from one generation to the next. d. The dominant allele will be more common. |Correct Answer: |C, Allele frequencies will not change from one generation to the next. | [pic] 2. If allele frequencies do not change from one generation to the next, is the population definitely in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium? Why or why not? No, it might not be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Any process that selectively targets heterozygotes can affect genotype frequencies without necessarily changing allele frequencies in the next generation. Examples are nonrandom mating, overdominance, and underdominance. [pic] 3. The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium principle yields which of the following conclusions? a. If the allele frequencies in a population are given by p and q, the genotype frequencies are given by p2, 2 pq and q2. b. The allele frequencies in a population will not change over time. c. If the allele frequencies in a population are given by p and q, the genotype frequencies are given by p2 and q2. d. The first and third answers are correct. e. The first and second choices are correct. |Correct Answer:...
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...Lorinda White Feb-09-15 PHS120 Essay 2 1. Cite the lines of evidence Alfred Wegener used to support his idea of continental drift. Why did scientists doubt that continents drifted? Alfred Wegner’s evidence was the way the continents fit together like a jigsaw puzzle, fossils of the same prehistoric species were found where continental drift was expected to be (for example fossils of the same species were found in western Africa and South America), matching mountain ranges, and land features and climate change. His ideas were not accepted because Wegner could not give an explanation of what caused the continental drift. 2. Discuss the trade-off between money and human lives when considering construction in earthquake-prone zones. Consider factors such as housing costs, taxes for safer public facilities, different standards for different types of buildings (e.g., homes, apartments, stores and shopping centers, nuclear power plants, etc.). Building in earthquake-prone zones can be costly as the codes for creating buildings that can withstand earthquakes changes almost yearly, and several factors outside of an earthquake can cause the building to fail and cost human lives. Most earthquake related deaths come from human construction failing and killing people in or near it. When building in these high risk zones, companies and the government must decide is it better to spend a lot of money on constructing building, roads, and bridges that can withstand an 8.0 magnitude earthquake...
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...The Development Theory of Plate Tectonics * Introduction In this report I will be describing the theory of the Plate tectonics and showing its main points of development. There are matches between the shapes of South America and Africa. The two continents look like pieces of a jigsaw. Alfred Wegner thought that this meant that the continents where moving. They had once been joined together. He looked for evidence which was recorded in their rocks. In 1912 Wegner presented the idea of continental drift and his supporting evidence to a meeting of the Geological Society of Frankfurt. Geologists around the world read the English Translation of his book the Origin of Continents and Oceans which was published in 1922. He found interesting evidence from mountain chains, rocks and fossils on different continents. However most geologists reject such a grand and unlikely explanation of these explanations. Wegner Claimed: Fossil plants from both Africa and South America were identical. Reptile fossils matched too. People claimed he couldn’t just draw conclusions from a few fossils. They thought that there could once have been a land bridge joining Africa and South America. Wegner disagreed with the idea and asked for the evidence of there being a land bridge. The rock types on each continent fit like pictures on a jigsaw. The continents were once joined together. He claimed continents moved slowly. However one of the key principles of geology was to ‘use the present to interpret...
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...The Development Theory of Plate Tectonics * Introduction In this report I will be describing the theory of the Plate tectonics and showing its main points of development. There are matches between the shapes of South America and Africa. The two continents look like pieces of a jigsaw. Alfred Wegner thought that this meant that the continents where moving. They had once been joined together. He looked for evidence which was recorded in their rocks. In 1912 Wegner presented the idea of continental drift and his supporting evidence to a meeting of the Geological Society of Frankfurt. Geologists around the world read the English Translation of his book the Origin of Continents and Oceans which was published in 1922. He found interesting evidence from mountain chains, rocks and fossils on different continents. However most geologists reject such a grand and unlikely explanation of these explanations. Wegner Claimed: Fossil plants from both Africa and South America were identical. Reptile fossils matched too. People claimed he couldn’t just draw conclusions from a few fossils. They thought that there could once have been a land bridge joining Africa and South America. Wegner disagreed with the idea and asked for the evidence of there being a land bridge. The rock types on each continent fit like pictures on a jigsaw. The continents were once joined together. He claimed continents moved slowly. However one of the key principles of geology was to ‘use the present to interpret...
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