...establish authority in India? In the years between 1500 and 1800, there were many factors and events that led too the strong grasp of European influence and authority in India. In this time period, an international revolution in maritime trade exploded in Europe with the rise of sea power and advancements in navigation and ship building. Many European countries were attracted to India’s wealth of spices, silk, and raw materials and were in competition to exploit them and sell at high prices in Europe. The Mughal Empire in India had a great land army, however, did not possess any degree of marine warfare, and were ignorant and indifferent to the European threats. The Mughal Empire, in control of India at this time, were spread out too thin with many rulers and were not united to handle the onslaught of European influence. The fall of the Mughal Empire in concert with the rise of European power can be described by two main events, with the fall of the structured trade with the ruin of the great Mughal port of Surat, and the possession of the Diwani of Bengal by Britian that gave them economic control in India. All these factors combined to India’s exploitation and soon to administrative authority by European forces. The revolution of international martime trade and the rise of European sea power, the fall of the Mughal trade, and the British grasp of the Diwani of Bengal were the major forces and that eventually led to established European authority in India, lasting until 1947...
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...Chapter 1 Introduction to MNC A multinational corporation (MNC) or multinational enterprise (MNE) is a corporation that is registered in more than one country or that has operations in more than one country. It is a large corporation which both produces and sells goods or services in various countries. It can also be referred to as an international corporation. They play an important role in globalization. The first multinational company was the British East India Company, founded in 1600. The second multinational corporation was the Dutch East India Company, founded March 20, 1602. The exact model for an MNC may vary slightly. One common model is for the multinational corporation is the positioning of the executive headquarters in one nation, while production facilities are located in one or more other countries. Another structural model for a multinational organization or MNO is to base the parent company in one nation and operate subsidiaries in other countries around the world. A third approach to the setup of an MNC involves the establishment of a headquarters in one country that oversees a diverse conglomeration that stretches to many different countries and industries. Characteristics of multinational corporations (MNCs) The multinational corporations have certain characteristics which may be discussed below: * Giant Size: The most important feature of these MNCs is their gigantic size. Their assets and sales run into billions of dollars and they also make supernormal...
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... socioeconomic class and many more issues are closely interwoven. In fact, to try and separate them would be not only onerous but also a specious task because the resulting account, although perhaps straightforward, would be at best only partial. However, when considering the history of Southern Africa, the most encompassing account would be that of socioeconomic class. The motives behind the historical events of Southern Africa have been strongly socioeconomic, even if the motives then evoked racial or gender based issues. Thus, if one had to choose a way to understand South African history, it should be socioeconomically. The motivation for colonization was economic. It eventually became more economically efficient for the Dutch East India Company (VOC) to build its own port than to continue trading with Africans on its way to Eastern Asia (Ross, 21). Dealings between settlers and Africans were based on socioeconomics, whether the interaction was buying and selling cattle and sheep or a conflict over the amount of land that settlers were taking from the Xhosa. For Africans, using a large amount of land for grazing one’s cattle was a symbol of high status because it meant that you had many cattle to graze and that you could protect a large amount of land (Ross, 22). The settler’s invasion was an economic blow. Also, the Great Trek was caused because Afrikaaners felt that they did not have the socioeconomic status they desired. Their land was being divided into small pieces...
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...INTERVIEW GUIDE I want to thank you for taking the time to meet with me today. My name is Kamaljeet Kaur Sidhu. I am a student of MBA in Indian school of business and computing and I would like to talk you about your experiences participating in the Research methodology project. I want to study about attitude of young consumers regarding Indian product and multinational company’s product – A comparative study with reference to electronic product. Objective of study – To find out awareness level of Indian and MNCs products To find out reason for preferring Indian and MNCs products To find our effectiveness of promotional activities To find out role of income and educational level of the consumer in the preference of product The interview should take around half an hour. I will be taking some notes during the session. All responses will be kept confidential. This means your responses will only be shared with research members and faculty. We will ensure that any information we include our report does not identify you as a respondent. Remember, you don’t have to talk about anything you don’t want to and you may end the interview at any time. Are there any questions about what I have just explained? Are you willing to participate in this interview? I will be analyzing the information you and others gave me and submitting a report to the college as on 22nd Nov, 2012. I will be happy to send you a copy to review at that time, if you are interested. Thank you for...
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...home country. A multinational corporation is also known as multinational enterprise . Businesses are always running after profits, therefore, they try to find out ways to decrease the cost as much as they can e.g. cheaper labor to bring about efficiency because it cuts cost of production. The concept of MNC’s originated from Western Europe particularly England and Holland. At that time, with the help of successful trades a lot of banks and money lending agencies emerged. Later in 17th and 18th century, companies like Hudson Bay Company, British East India Company, and French Levant Company emerged as the major multinationals at that time. The modern version of Multinationals emerged after the industrial revolution. During that time, huge foreign investment flowed from Western Europe in Asia, Africa etc. Companies started searching for countries where the labor as well as the resources was cheap and still today, when the no. of MNC’s have reached around 889450, the companies are still searching for countries where they can find much more cheap labor and other resources. A very important factor regarding the topic of MNC’s is globalization. Friedman defined globalization as: “Globalization is the inexorable integration of markets, transportation systems, and communication systems to a degree never witnessed before -- in a way that is enabling corporations, countries, and individuals to reach around the world farther, faster, deeper, and cheaper than ever before...” The relationship...
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...like cultural, social, psychological and of course, political. It is true that the impact of globalization is visible and affects largely the politics and the economy of the country but its effect on the mindset and the culture is noticeable gradually in the way people think and react. It’s like the Iceberg theory wherein what we do and say are at the tip and what we think and believe is at the base. The base is not visible but manifestations at the top are conspicuous. It applies here as well where people do not change abruptly but may be after a decade the change starts showing and seems radical. Pro-globalization Globalization is not a new phenomena, the base was laid long back when the Dutch East India Company and the British East India Company started trading with India. In history there were trade relations between different countries like Arab and Egypt and now in modern times that has translated into Globalization or Free Trade. It’s true that ultimately all the free trade resulted in the white man taking the burden proactively but then globalization leads to more employment and higher standard of living,...
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...University Professor : Angela Au 6/05/2012 A Multinational Company In business today, the boundaries of the world have seemed to almost disappear. More and more companies have a much broader reach and expanding globally is almost the norm. Many years ago, few companies were able to sell products to other parts of the world, let alone conduct business operations in other countries. Then we began to see some of the world’s largest companies begin to expand globally, not only in sales, but in operations, creating a physical presence in many foreign countries. In the early 1980’s, Honda opened up operations and began building cars in Ohio. This was a real twist, and probably a brilliant move, as it was when many Americans began to realize global expansion yet we wanted to keep jobs here and buy what was built in America. Today, with the help of the World Wide Web and Social Marketing, even a fairly small business can not only sell in other countries, but also have a physical presence there. An example of a US business expanding globally is Le Gourmet Gift Basket Inc. As early as 2004, it had 510 franchise locations including 25 outside the United States. (Le Gourmet Gift Basket Inc) Forming a Multinational Company There are two primary ways that a multinational organization is created - organically or inorganically. The Le Gourmet Gift Baskets example above is a great example of organic growth. This company had continued slow growth until it had expanded its market...
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...The British East India Company, started in 1600, was a joint-stock company formed to pursue trade with the Indian subcontinent. The company eventually came to rule large areas of India with its own private armies, exercising military power and assuming administrative roles. This would later be a direct factor leading to British imperialism in India, and an immediate impact was the creation of a political power shift from Indian government to British authorities, also creating a social distinction in the process. In China, back in the early 1500's, had a strong link with Europeans. Jesuits and missionaries frequented China and trade was frequent, although unlike in India, the Chinese maintained their Confucian bureaucracy and Europeans did not become an imperial presence in China at this point in history. European wealth poured into China and other Asian countries in exchange for Asian luxury goods. Overall, the Europeans used the rapidly changing exploration techniques as well as developing political methods to create an economic, political, and social presence in Asian...
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... East India Company, also known as The Honorable East India Company, British East India Company, was a joint-stock company established by the British. On Dec. 31th, 1600, the company was chartered by the Queen Elizabeth as the Governor and Company of Merchants of London trading into the East Indies (Chaudhuri, 2006). The charter in fact gave East India Company a monopoly right for twelve years. During its rule in India, the company not only owned economic monopoly but also assisted the British to realize military expansion. There will first be a discussion about how East India Company assisted British to realize its military expansion in India. Following that, there will be a discussion on how East India Company works as an economic tool of colonial expansion for Britain. Finally, there will be a discussion on how East India Company finally led to the backwardness of the country as well as disaster of the local people. Military expansion The British colonization in India is actually a military expansion, which not only struck some other foreign colonial powers but also led to the elimination of local rulers (Nicholas, 1992). As a result, the colonization in fact had made a preparation for the later centralization of authority. The French army was defeated in the Seven Years’ War in India. As a result, the French no longer dear to expand its power in India, which also prevented the development of its industrial revolution. Robert, on behalf of the East India Company, defeated...
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...The definition of Multinational Corporation is hard to explain but in easy words is when a company sells its goods and services in more than one country is recognized as a Multinational Corporation (MNC). The impacts of Multinational Corporations can be negative and positive. But in today’s assignment I am going to talk about Chinese cultures impact on Multinational Corporations. Since 1970s, the multinational corporations in China has changed dramatically when the nation opened its economy and welcomed the direct investment. During the 1980s, MNCs like Motorola, Philips and NEC was welcomed in China with open arms. They used to pay half of the imposed tax rate from the local companies, and also they pay no duties on their goods imports. However, in the beginning of 2000, when per capita GDP went above UD$1,000 and when China joined the World Trade Organization, the consumers and the Chinese government changed their perceptions of MNCs drastically. Multinational Corporations main goal was to fit national interests. Then because of the National cultures impact, MNCs started to follow this rule “Think local and act global”. Chinese consumers have also become more demanding and as a result they don’t really see the difference between products which are made by the MNCs or Chinese companies. For example in 1977 there were 1 million cars in China, by 2008 there were 51 million and now there are 85 million cars in China. Every day that number increase by 38 thousand. Which means somebody...
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...anything with a lengthy implementation. UWEAR is going through a merger and although people tend to resist change, it cannot be avoided at this point. Also, considering Sharon is the HR manager for UWEAR, it should be noted that she was hired directly out of college with no prior experience. She also has not been kept abreast as to the legislation that is currently required for publicly traded companies, which can be seen by not having a whistleblower protection policy that should have been implemented after the SOX Act. Sharon’s style relies heavily on her intuition. She believes she can assess the environment around her and know what needs to be done. This is a great strength if she indeed can accurately assess her situation and see the path that needs to be followed to get the job done. Her weakness is her lack of enthusiasm for having a predetermined plan with an implementation timeline. Another strength that Sharon has, is her experience in being a part of a company that has grown into a larger, publicly traded company. She would be able to assist Marcia in the transition from a private company to a larger, publicly traded one (My Unique Student Experience, 2015). Marcia has only been with PALEDENIM for 3 years, however she has about 17 years of HR experience and a Master’s Degree. Marcia has a completely different approach to her management style. As she states, she is trusted to run her department and has the authority to make her...
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...Benefits of Multinational Corporations Create wealth and jobs around the world. Inward investment by multinationals offer much needed foreign currency for developing economies. They also create jobs and help raise expectations of what is possible. Their size and scale of operation enables them to benefit from economies of scale enabling lower average costs and prices for consumers. This is particularly important in industries with very high fixed costs, such as car manufacture and airlines. Large profits can be used for research & development. For example, oil exploration is costly and risky; this could only be undertaken by a large firm with significant profit and resources. It is similar for drug manufacturers. Ensure minimum standards. The success of multinationals is often because consumers like to buy goods and services where they can rely on minimum standards. i.e. if you visit any country you know that the Starbucks coffee shop will give something you are fairly familiar with. It may not be the best coffee in the district, but it won’t be the worst. People like the security of knowing what to expect. Financial and Technological Resources and Expertise: MNCs provide immense resources and investments, technology, innovation and expertise to the host societies. A culture of research and development is encouraged and human resources are developed, at least within the organization. MNCs also contribute significantly to the national exchequer by paying taxes. ...
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...or why we have to -make- money. Because money is an idea — it’s a representation of work, creation and value. When a carpenter buys an apple from an old farmer’s fruit stand, both individuals had to work in order to reap the benefits of the exchange. The carpenter had to build houses for the money to spend, and the farmer had to raise crops for the money to make. Of course, there are plenty of rich people who didn’t exactly get there by the sweat of their brow. What about them? That’s where the get-rich-quick mentality comes from. The English came to Indian sub-continent in the year of 1600 to establish a company named “British East India Company” by 217 partners. The Dutch came to establish “Dutch East India Company” in the year of 1602.The Danish came to establish “Danish East India Company” in the year of 1616.And the French came to establish “French East India Company” in the year of 1664.All of them dominate this sub-continent’s people and planting the seed of corruption. Both enlighten and corrupt societies are being affected by this “get-rich-quick” process. In Bangladesh government is in favor to create environment to apply “get-rich-quick” theory. The economic base of Bangladesh is remittance and foreign aid given by I.M.F. or World Bank. But it must not be the base of any countries economy. There must be some industries in global scale. There are very few industries established by some business leaders of Bangladesh. Almost all of them uses the “get-rich-quick” theory...
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... The original company they stated would be known as Blue Ribbon Sports, and both members put a collective investment of $1000 into the company. In 1966 the first Blue Ribbon retail store had opened. 1971 was the year the “swoosh” logo has been designed and by the end of that year the company reached over 1 million in sales. Shortly after BRS launched its Nike line of footwear, and by 1980 had become a publicly traded company on the stock market, with an opening sale of 2 million of common stock. By 1985 Nike has launched its Air Jordan series and receives massive attention from Olympic advertisements on athletes, sales have soared to 920 million. Today, Nike is a huge multi-national corporation and also a top-200, Fortune 500 Company. With sales of 24 billion just in the fiscal year of 2012 alone, it is no wonder why Nike has become such a vast company that has been growing financially sound and stable. Nike is currently traded today as a public stock on the DOW, and as a component on the S&P 500. Nike’s current financial success and fiscal report summaries. Nike Inc. plans to buy back $8 billion of Nike's class B stock in 4 years after the current $5 billion buyback program is completed in second quarter of fiscal 2013. Up to September 2012, Nike Inc. has bought back $10 billion of stock. Nike doing this will allow the share value to continue increasing and disallow threats of any other shareholders looking to have a controlling stake in the company. Nike has recently...
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...Rise of Venice Leadership, Reforms in government, Trade developments and expansion, Industrial development & Innovative practices Leadership: Venice had capable leaders that contributed to the rise of Venice. An example is the three doges, Pietro II Orselo, Enrico Dandolo and Pietro Ziani. Together they subdued piracy in the region, captured the Byzantine capital of Constantinople and established important trade routes for Venice. All these led to the rise of Venice as it helped the trade industry flourish and also gained recognition from major powers. Reforms in government: The Venetians adapted their system of government to meet the demands of the people and the growing city-state. An example is the creation of the Great Council. The Great Council consisted of nobles and was able to elect members to all councils in the government. It also settled disputes between members of different councils. This ensured the efficient running of the Venetian government as capable people were allowed a say on Venice’s policies. Another example is preventing the concentration of power in the government. The Nominating Committee was added to the election process to nominate capable candidates for positions. Nobles were not allowed to campaign for support in the election. This ensured that all positions of responsibility were filled up by capable who could run Venice properly. These led to the rise of Venice. Trade developments: Venice generated most of its income and fame...
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