...This assessment focuses on the issue of Hotel Laeta’s corporate social responsibility and its duty of care towards the Indigenous Australian people. Background Aboriginals Australians are technically the first people who lived in Australia. Australian Aboriginals were basically the hunters who used to eat the animals they caught and were also considered as gatherers of plants which could be eaten. Some of these groups then settled on the islands and are now called as Torres Strait Islander People. 1. Foundational Aspects of Indigenous Australian Cultures (the dreaming and economic organisation) The term dreaming is a spiritual or a regional perception which not only goes back to the creation of the events but it also grasps the present...
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...is establish and practiced in 1932 in the decision of Donoghue V Stevenson1. Negligence is also definite as ‘the breach of a legal duty to take care which result in damage, undesired by the defendant, to the plaintiff’. Thus, negligence has three main propositions that need to be determined:- 1. Duty of Care 2. Breached of the duty of care 3. Causation of Damage. All of these factors must be satisfied. If even one is not satisfied then the plaintiff will not be able to establish that the defendant was negligent. In this case, Tony and Ann Soon have filed a person injury suit against the Flamingo Hotel. According to Soons, they checked in the suite at the Flamingo Hotel on a Friday Night. Their daughter Susan, who was 8 years old at the time, opened a sliding patio door and asked her parents if she could get in the hot tub that was part of suite. Upon entering the tub, she suffered third-degree burns over 80 percents of her body and her facial features were permanently disfigured because the water in the hot tub was 160 degree F but not 102 degree F. However, the maximum recommended by the tub’s manufacturer, and well above the 105 degree maximum dictated by local health codes. In order to in their claim against Flamingo Hotel, it is a must for them to prove the three main propositions. Firstly, the proposition of duty of care was established in the case of Donoghue V Stevenson1 where A manufacturer of ginger beer had sold to a retailer ginger beer in an...
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...1.The duty, this element requires plaintiff to act like an ordinary careful person. 2.Breach of Duty, which comes after establishing standard of care; hotel was negligence, the hotel should have protected its gusts, and it should have monitored the elevators from any strangers. 3.Causation, this element comes after the establishment of the breach of duty. This element often used to determine the causes of an accident. The “but for” test which determines the defendant action or absence of action, that could have prevented the injury. 4.Proximate Cause, which is the negligence that cause the injury. It must be the main cause of injury, and not another negligence. 5.Damages, which means that Mr. Margreiter must establish the damages that resulted from the hotel negligence. 1. The duty, this element requires the Mr. Margreiter to act like an ordinary careful person. Also the hotel has a duty to protect the gusts from any attack from a third person. However, the hotel was negligence, because it fails to protect Mr. Margreiter from the attack which happens inside the hotel. 2. Breach of Duty, which comes after establishing standard of care, and determining the duty, the hotel was negligence, the hotel should have protected its gusts, and it should have monitored the elevators from any strangers. Moreover, the hotel does not have cameras, and there were only one guard to monitor the whole hotel which is very huge. The back door has no guard. All of these are a breach...
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...Element one is Duty: The duty to protect is clearly part of the hotel’s responsibilities. The hotel has a duty to anticipate foreseeable dangers and take necessary precautions to protect guest in their care. Specifically, hotel duties include but not limited to: adequate supervision, control access within the facilities e.g. elevator, hence to the guests' rooms and its surroundings and has the appropriate cameras, alarm and exits to be guarded. Element two is break of duty: The hotel failed to comply with the established of care and once the standard of care is established under element one, there must be a determination that the defendant fell short of that standard or breached that duty for the plaintiff to recover on the basis of negligence. Element three is causation: A test often is used to determine causation is the “but for “test- but for the action or lack of action of the defendant, the plaintiff would not have been injured. The hotel breached his duty that caused Mr. Margreiter to be seriously injured; he suffered permanent damage to his brain, traumatic neurosis and suffered epilepsy after the injury among others. Element four is proximate cause: Did the negligence of the hotel caused Mr. Margreier to be injured?. YES. Some cutoff line must be drawn between the “but for” causation and events that contributed to the injury of Mr. Margreiter. Most likely all business needs to create a safe environment for their customers to discourage criminal acts within the...
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...Discuss the liability outside that of contract that arises form a scenario involving the publishing of a brochure for a hotel that does not accurately reflect either the complex itself or its placement the resort and entices Maggie and Frank to take a holiday there. The complex was still been renovated in October 2001 when the brochures were published, however they were due to have been completed by April 1999. It should initially be restated that all liability discussed is that which outsides any contractual liability of the parties. It must be stated at the outset that as matter of policy no liability would lie at the doorstep of the customer, C Retton, who provided a personal recommendation for the brochure. He cannot be said to hold a duty of care to other customers as regards what was only his general opinion to the service and even if he was held to have a duty of care he cannot be said to have been in breach of a duty of care as the acts of others would be treated as a novus actus interveniens. One cause of action outside contract is under the doctrine of negligent misstatement. Liability here depends on the following factors 1 (a) a duty of care based on a special relationship; (b) Defendant's representation must be untrue, inaccurate or misleading; (c) Defendant must have been negligent in making representation; (d) the Claimant must have relied on the misrepresentation; and (e) reliance must have been detrimental to the Claimant. Firstly what is the liability...
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...Question 1 Issues • Whether the hotel is responsible to the negligence. • Whether the exemption clause can exclude its liabilities. Analysis First of all, we need to clarify whether the hotel is responsible to the negligence. To succeed a tort action, the following element must be satisfied: • The defendant owes a legal duty of care to the plaintiff; • The defendant breaches the duty of care; • The plaintiff’s loss or damage is a consequence of the breach of duty (Causation). Duty of Care • The duty of care is a duty ‘to take reasonable care to avoid acts or omissions that may reasonable foresee would be likely to hurt your neighbours.’ • ‘Neighbour are persons who are so closely and directly affected by my act that I ought to have them in contemplation as being so affected when I am directing my mind to the acts or omissions which are being called in questions’ (Donoghue v. Stevenson 1932). • The application of the Neighbour Principle is subject to the requirement of: - Reasonable foresseability - Sufficient proximity by reference of cause and effect (the relationship between the defect of the brake and the car accident) Bourhill v Young [1943] - It is reasonable to impose such duty on the defendant (Caparo v. Dickman Plc 1990) • Customers are neighbours of the hotel, so the hotel owned a duty of care to the costumers’ personal safety and their financial interest under the neighbour principle...
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...**One example from the text of a case that relates to commercial host liability and duty of care is Jordan House v Menow. This case was about an individual named Menow who was a frequent guest at the hotel and had a tendency to drink too much and act recklessly. A year before the incident occurred he had been banned from the hotel for annoying the other guests and he was only allowed in the hotel with a reasonable person. The night of the incident, Menow entered the hotel with his employer and foreman who had a few drinks with him and left shortly after to leave Menow in the booth alone. The bar staff continued to serve Menow alcohol even after his friends left and he became drunk and was bothering the other guests, therefore, was kicked out...
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...on the grounds of insufficiency of evidence. A plaintiff has got to: a). Prove a duty of care. This is outlined in the case of Donoghue v Stevenson [1932] UKHL 100, [1932] SC (HL) 31 which set precedent of fault principle in Common law. b). Breach of duty. A plaintiff must show that the defendant knowingly exposed the plaintiff to a loss or risk that is substantial. This should include overlooking acts that a reasonable person would have done to avert the risk but the defendant failed to do. This is illustrated in the case of Bolton v Stone 1 K.B. 201 (C.A. 1950). c). Factual Causation or Direct Cause. The plaintiff must show that the defendant’s omissions and acts directly caused the damages or losses that were suffered. d). Harm. Even if a plaintiff can successfully prove all the above, he has to prove that he suffered some harm as a result of the defendants negligence. The negligence must have caused a pecuniary injury. Case against the Hotel The hotel owed a duty of care to all its customers. Provision of security by the hotel justifies this point. Clients are not asked to provide their own security by the hotel. The hotel breached this duty by failing to realize that intruders got into the hotel and unlocked the hotel room doors, grabbed Mr. Margreiter and dragging him out of his room. The hotel has got security cameras fitted in hallways and at the entrances and exits of the hotel. Therefore, failing to see the plaintiff being dragged by the attackers is an act of...
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...Question 1: Minors cannot be liable in this scenario, because the innkeeper is responsible for the reasonable care and safety of the attendees in the swimming pool, according to the Rule 10D5.81(1) of the Department of health and Rehabilitative Services. The main discussion in court could be that the innkeeper does not prevail due to its negligence per se. Therefore, Mrs. Downey should file a claim, considering that she did not contribute in any way to be injured. Moreover, one can assume that she was badly injured considering that she was hospitalized for three days. However, to be completely fair, the innkeeper should argue that the Mooney twins ‘parents also failed to closely supervise their children and that as a consequence they should share liability under the Comparative Negligence Clause. Even though the argument will have a substantive weight during the trail or mediation process, there is the fact that the twins blatantly ignore the warning sign and...
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...Discuss accommodation and front office services for different organizations. Different hotel offers different type of accommodation and services. Some hotel may offer a complimentary breakfast when guest checked in but some might not have this type of services available in their hotel. These hotels are categorized under a system called the hotel rating systems. Hotel ratings are used to classify hotels according to their quality. Its main purpose is to inform travelers on basic facilities that can be expected. (Wikipedia, 2014) There are various ranges of hotel star ratings, from 1 star hotel to luxurious 5 star hotel. Hotel Star Ratings | | | | | | | | | Example of hotel star ratings For this report, as a Rooms Division Manager who previously worked in Rizqun International Hotel, a 5 star hotel in Brunei Darussalam, I am now working in The Brunei Hotel, a 3 star hotel and are required to restructure and analyse the differences of the housekeeping department and front office department between a 5 star hotel and a 3 star hotel. Housekeeping Department A housekeeping department in a 5 star hotel has more responsibilities than a 3 star hotel, because a 5 star hotel’s housekeeping department require a lot of staff as there are more rooms to be cleaned. In Rizqun International Hotel, there are more than a thousand rooms that need to be cleaned. In Brunei Hotel, there are only 65 rooms in total, and this does not require them to hire a lot of staff...
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...i. Discuss the legal and statutory requirements that apply to rooms division operations. Hotels have become vulnerable to ensure safety on account of high profile guests that include foreign tourists. While hotels being public places recognise the importance of vigilance and security. Hotels have to inspire tourist confidence to choose Mauritius hotels as their destination. Guest expect their hotel accommodations to be safe and secure, therefore hotels must adhere to a long list of rules and regulations. They must have safe and secure door locks, fire-prevention measures, exit strategies and plans, pool safety, first aid, security guards and security cameras. 1. The occupational Safety and Health Act The mission of OSHA is to help employers and employees to reduce the number of job injuries, illnesses and death on the work place. OSHA regulations standards require the hotel industry to maintain conditions to adopt practices and to protect workers on the job. It ensures that employees should be familiar with and comply with standards applicable to their establishments. Moreover, OSHA ensures that employees have and use personal protective equipment when required for safety and health. OSHA promotes workplace safety and health by: * Implementing new safety and health management systems. * Inspects Hotels worksite. Hotels failing to adopt OSHA regulations may be cited or fined. * Establish rights and responsibilities of employees and employers. * Supporting...
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...Hotel California Introduction The law of negligence views negligence as an intentional tort where the defendant acts wrongfully, not in implication to cause harm but acting in such a way as without sufficient concerns for the interests of others (Feinman, 2014). In this scenario, the injured victim suffers loss and it seems fair-minded that the careless tortfeasor who caused the harm to the victim, should bear the burden of the resulting loss. Ms. Warren suffered harm in terms of a lost opportunity to acquire the first Palm Desert Hotel due to the negligent failure by her mortgage lender, Mechanics National Bank to promptly remove the lien on her Lagoon Beach property. This paper is a report to Legal Eagles LLP, the firm handling Ms. Warren’s...
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...contracts & Guest contracts * Legal issues present * Authorities that check contracts and agreements Chapter 3 Plan of action * Implementation of the STEM Concept * Strategy to come to a solution * Suggested incorporated contract agreements Chapter 4 Conclusion Chapter 5 Recommendations Executive Summary The hotel industry is currently growing in Suriname, which makes that also that job opportunities are increasing. In Suriname there are various hotels with different classifications with different standards. It is very important for hoteliers, employees and guests that they adhere to these standards. One of the most important standards is that the hotel management must follow the agreements written in a contract towards the employees and also towards the guests. It is important for Hotels to incorporate the concept of Reasonable Care. Reasonable care is the degree of caution and concern the hotel in this case would use in similar circumstances. It is a standard used to determine a legal duty and whether such duty was fulfilled. Hospitality operations have a duty of reasonable care to protect guests. The hotel is not liable for acts that it could not reasonably foresee. A Contract is an agreement between two or more parties that is enforceable in court, which means that there must be an agreement and acceptance of both parties. An offer is a proposal to do or give something of value in exchange for something else. In other words an offer is...
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...their legal right if necessary. This assignment has been designed completely on aspects of contract. How a contract can be formed and what are the necessary elements for the formation of a contract have been comprehensively explained here. Table of Contents Executive summary ii Introduction 1 01 Initial evaluation 1 1.1 Explanation of the importance of essential elements required for the formation of a valid contract 1 1.2 The impact of three methods in terms of forming and binding enforceable contract under the English Law. 2 02 Initial Business situations 4 2.1 Essential elements of a valid contract to advise Andrew 4 2.2 Law on contract terms to advise Cheltenham Champions Hotel on the claim of the guest 5 2.3 The effect of the contract terms to advise the downton hotel will be described in below 5 03 Further assessment 6 3.1 Contrast liabilities in tort with contractual liability 6 3.2 Explanation of the nature of liability in negligence 6 2.3 Explanation of how a business can be vicariously liable 7 04. Further Business Situations 8 4.1 Understanding of the elements of the tort of negligence and defenses to advise Head Office 8 4.2 Explanation of the elements of vicarious liability to the...
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....................................pg.6 I. Acknowledgement First, I would like to thank our Almighty God for answering my prayers every day, for the strength that HE gave to me. From the start up to present, you guided me especially in my study. For the wisdom, enlightenment and the perseverance that He gave for me to finish this report. The guidance He showed me, and most of all for the blessings He showered me. To my parents that gave their financial support and assistance. You’ve worked so hard to give all that I need. Thank you also for being my inspiration. I did my best to do the duties and responsibilities that the company gave to me. You’re the instrument of GOD that encouraged me to continue what I’m doing when I’m might down. Thank You for assuring my. You didn’t forget to text me every day because you want me to tell all the activities that we are doing on the hotel I also want to thank our school for giving an...
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