...For the purpose of this essay, I interviewed eight informants, both close friends and family members, at length about recent ailments or illnesses they have suffered from. I received much detail about symptoms, treatments, and continuing processes they do to prevent the ailment from reoccurring. After a thorough investigation, I was able to compare the informant’s ailments and remedies against each other and also to Marsha Quilan’s research in her ethnography From the Bush: The Front Line of Health Care in a Caribbean Village. Informant 1, an 18 year old male, recently suffered from an ear infection. This informant has suffered from ear infections most of his toddler life. As a young child, at the age of 19 months, this informant got PE tubes inserted into bilateral ears, yet the ear infections kept reoccurring. That is when his mother began to use natural garlic oil to treat his ear infections. After the first time using it, this informant claims he never had to go to the doctor again for treatment, and his ear infections occurred less frequently and eventually subsided. The most recent infection this informant battled with was pretty typical for him. He got his usual symptoms of a mild earache accompanied with some purulent discharge from his left ear canal. This informant told me that he did not want to use antibiotics to remedy his ear infections. He deferred to his mother’s treatment of using a couple drops of garlic oil. This informant administered a couple drops of natural...
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...Student no 18830 Rationale The Paramedic Practitioner (PP) role has recently adopted a number of Clinical Management plans and Patient Group Directives (PGD) increasing the scope of practice. One such PGD (Appendix i) allows for the utilisation of antibiotics, namely Amoxicillin and Clarithromycin, for the treatment of Otitis Media (OM). This essay will look at the evidence supporting the use of these antibiotics, their efficacy and if early use prevents OM from developing in to Mastoiditis. Its primary aim is to enhance a PP’s knowledge and support education working towards clinical autonomy. Description Otitis Media literally means inflammation of the middle ear (Merriam-Webster 2011) and is predominantly caused by an effusion with in the middle ear caused by Eustachian tube dysfunction (Dhillon and East, 1994, pp 7). This dysfunction is caused by a relative obstruction of the Eustachian tube that creates a negative air pressure within the middle ear. Over time interstitial fluid is drawn in from the surrounding tissue resulting in the effusion (Natal 2011). Eustachian tube dysfunction often follows an upper respiratory tract infection and whilst the effusion is not always infectious it is can be...
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...Lesson 3 essay questions Exam # 25085400 1. Directional and disruptive selection can be compared because they both favor extreme phenotypes, they adjust to their environments over time and they both cause a shift in the distribution curve. The contrast in directional selection is the distribution curve shifts one way and only focuses on one extreme phenotype. An example of directional selection would be the gradual increase in size of the modern horse. This change occurred due to the environment changing from forest conditions to grassland conditions. The contrast in disruptive selection is the distribution curve shifts both ways and focuses on two or more phenotypes versus intermediate phenotypes. An example of disruptive selection is the British snails. They live in low-vegetation areas and in forest areas. Thrushes feed on the the snails with dark shells and no bands in the vegetation areas and they feed on the snails with the light bands in the forest areas. Therefore, these snails had to adapt to their own environment. 2. Overuse and misuse of antibiotics can cause resistant bacteria to form through natural selection. When you introduce selective pressure (antibiotics) to a bacterial infection, some of the bacteria can acquire “free” DNA from its environment. Which can mimic the antibiotics genetic make up. This causes some bacteria to create a resistant gene that can be passed to the next generation. As a result the genetically resistant bacteria keeps increasing...
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...Pathophysiology of cellulitis in adults. Cellulitis, a bacterial infection of the skin and underlying tissue, is a common presentation to Emergency Departments (ED). The clinical spectrum of presentation can vary from local inflammation to diffuse inflammation involving a whole limb, to more severe, even life threatening presentations of necrotizing fascitis and associated sepsis. The rationale for choosing this condition is to enable me to efficiently differentiate between those cases that require immediate medical or surgical intervention and treatment and those that can be managed effectively as an outpatient, and to gain a keen understanding of the pathogenesis of the condition. The terms cellulitis and erysipelas are often used interchangeably and current usage tends to regard erysipelas as a form of cellulitis rather than a separate entity, making clear distinction difficult (Hay 2004, Kilburn et al 2010). Erysipelas affects the upper dermis and superficial lymphatics, with distinctly raised lesions and clear lines of demarcation between involved and uninvolved tissue. Cellulitis extends more deeply, involving the deeper dermis and subcutaneous fat and lacks the distinctive anatomical features of erysipelas. For the purpose of this essay I will be using the term ‘cellulitis’ to refer to both conditions. This essay will endeavor to discuss the incidence, its clinical presentation, risk factors, differential diagnosis, pathophysiology and classification according...
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...ACADEMIC ESSAY Name: Teo Chee Pem ID No: 00013974 Date: 28/8/2015 Should cigarette advertisements be banned? Smoking is harmful to health, both active and passive smoking. Excessive smoking is very easy to get cancer this is terrible. In addition, smoking will hurt people's teeth. Those who always smoke can damage their teeth and teeth are always yellow. This makes people feel uncomfortable. It was not until you feel that they realize that it actually has an impact on advertiser’s pressure decentralization. If you do not have all of these advertisements will not be persuaded to smoking. The adults have a better understanding of what is right or wrong for them; young people are the main target of cigarette advertisements, whether they are trying to stop smoking or to promote it, smoking has a direct effect on the decision of young people (The Materials, 2000).Although people would like to see a ban on these unhealthy products advertising, it is undeniable that cigarette advertising is a waste. In my essay I will explore the reason and full consistent with this idea. Admittedly, uncensored television advertisements are most solid reasons of initiating smoking among young people in order to catch more young people’s attention. The uncensored television advertisements make it more alluring. For example, utilizing big names, vivid scenes, and great melodies thus their earnest attempts. However, young people like to imitate...
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...November 10, 2015 Pressure Ulcers: Wound Care Assignment Have you ever wondered what it looks and feels like if our skin gets torn up? You haven’t right? There are approximately 2.5 million who get pressure ulcers from hospitalization each year. From those 2.5 million patients, 60 thousand patients die from complications (Cooper & Gosnell, 2015, para. 4). In this essay, I will be explaining the normal causes, common treatment (tx), and prognosis for healing. Pressure Ulcers (PU) overall usually occur when there is sufficient pressure on the skin over bony prominences causing blood vessels in an area to collapse. Pressure ulcers result in ischemia or lack of oxygen and nutrients to the cells. PU usually take place over bony prominences such as: sacrum, scapula, elbows, heels, inner and outer knees, back of the head, and the hips. Since we are talk about stage III pressure ulcers, PU involves full thickness tissue loss where the subcutaneous fat is sometimes visible, but bones, tendons and muscles are not exposed. Stage III pressure ulcers vary depending on the location which also include: bridge of nose, ear, and the occiput. Deep stage 3 PUs develop in areas within layers of deep adipose tissue. The two main factors that play a role in development for pressure ulcers are shearing force & friction. Shearing force involves when the tissue layers of the skin slide on each other, which can cause the subcutaneous blood vessels to stretch, resulting in interruption of blood...
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...1 Classification and Division Essay Coughing, sneezing, fevers, body aches- all things we dread when we are sick. Being sick is never fun and we are always trying to find new remedies and treatments to ease the discomfort and rid the sickness from our bodies as quick as possible rather than just waiting for it to run its course. These illnesses can be both viral and bacterial. Because I have been diagnosed with double pneumonia three times in the past I have learned from talking with my doctor that viral infections cannot be treated with antibiotics whereas bacterial infections can. There is still no cure for the common cold and although the flu and pneumonia can be treated with medications it is still wise to keep hydrated and rested until the symptoms pass. Through past experience with these illnesses as well as talking with my doctor about these subjects I have discovered many different specifications of each individual illness such as symptoms, complications, and proper treatment and prevention methods. Viral infections are the most common illnesses that we face. The Latin meaning for the word virus as found in the Merriam-Webster dictionary is toxin or poison. Your body recognizes viruses as intruders in the body and all of the complications that you face while sick, such as a runny nose, are the body’s mechanisms to get rid of them. But what most of us don’t know is that some viral infections are incurable, while others require specific medication and treatment, I...
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...her that she will need to make sure she has good nutritional foods throughout the pregnancy to help her and the baby with healthy weight gain and a healthy body. If she chooses not to follow doctor’s orders she will be putting herself and her baby at risk of unhealthy bodily conditions. The purpose of this essay is to inform the reader of the importance of good nutritional values during the infancy and toddler-hood of children. When a child has good nutritional values it leads to healthy physical and mental conditions. Proper nutrition plays a significant role in children’s health and growth while they are infants and further into toddler-hood. However, malnutrition can cause a damper in children’s health and development. Ways that mothers can make sure that their infants are receiving nutrition with ever feeding is through breastfeeding. Mother’s that choose to breastfeed help their children to be healthy physically, mentally, and emotionally. Children that are breastfed are healthier physically because breastmilk helps an infant be less prone to having postneonatal death and it prevents illnesses such as diarrhea, respiratory, ear, and urinary tract infections. They are healthier mentally because the nutrients in breastmilk help with brain development in infants. They are also healthier emotionally because the breastfeeding interaction helps infants become closer to their mothers emotionally. It is like having an invisible connection with the mother. During pregnancy...
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...Abuse is a major dilemma in our civilization today. There are four key forms abuse: emotional/mental abuse, neglect, physical abuse and sexual abuse. Abuse is any ill-treatment to a person that hurts a person in any way, shape or form. This essay is going to focus at the emotional and mental aspect of abuse as I have been dealing with it for the past 23 years. Mental abuse will cause somebody to have disregard of themselves as well as physical and mental problems. But what is happening to us today? What are doctors, nurses or any heath care provider doing to help the ill? If conquered, these weaknesses will make you a stronger, more knowledgeable person that can help you live each day as they come. Living through abuse will guide you to live for what life brings you and not to let anything or anyone hold you back. A good friend once told me that you cannot believe in what you see or hear, believe in the truth. Listen and absorb, there is more being said to you then the person is telling you. Emotional abuse is any type of abuse that affects you mentally rather than physically in life. It can comprise of anything from verbal abuse and regular criticism to more clever strategies, such as bullying, exploitation, and denial to ever be pleased. Emotional abuse can take many faces. Three common examples of abusive behavior include initiating a fight, denial, and making a small something big. Even though there is no conventional description for emotional abuse, emotional abuse...
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...1. Studying, Money, Jobs, Homesickness, Depression, Sickness/Health Conditions, Friends/Roommates, Partying, Relationships & Choosing majors are considered to be the top ten common problems students face during college. (Garfieldgatehubpages.com, 2012) A. What are some of the experiences you face? Have you ever found a solution to your problem? How do you overcome these things? B. You meet up with your friends or your partner and you go out and party, drink, do drugs but have you ever consider the consequences you will face later an in life? C. Then, today we are going to talk about Friends/ relationships, partying , health & sickness and some ideas you might gain from this information might be useful in the future for you or a friend that’s in College. (Transition: What I’m going to talk to you about now is about our Friends and Relationships) 2. Did you know friends and personal relationships affect you decisions. A. All our decisions in school are being affected by our relationships, that includes friends, family, boyfriend’s, girlfriend's, all of the people we decide to surround our self's with (yourlife.usatoday.com, 2011). B. According to USATODAY.com "The relationship game among college-age adults today is a muddle of seemingly contradictory trends. Recent studies indicate that traditional dating on campuses has taken a back seat to no-strings relationships in which bonds between young men and women are increasingly brief and sexual”...
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...Cory Nelson Donna Kendall March 29, 2003 Propaganda Essay In today's world, a lot of children and young "adults" are partaking in unprotected sex. With the teen pregnancy rates getting higher every week, it seems that sex is becoming more of a trend, or a so-called fashion statement, than a passionate activity. Not only is unsafe sex irresponsible but it can also be extremely deadly. From movies to music, from books to the Internet, sex can be seen just about anywhere today. There are so many websites on the Internet that display sex and with them being open to the public's eye, it's quite difficult to resist looking at them. A lot of the youth in our society seem to be so addicted to sites such as RedTube.com and YouPorn.com that they even allow it to influence their minds. After a couple, primarily a young couple, watches a porn video or movie, they may decide to try some of the things that they have just viewed. Even though they might not have any condoms in their possession, the twosome may still have sex without thinking any further. Most of the teenagers today have favorite movies, not because of the amount of action or comedy they contain, but just for certain sex part that they highly enjoy. Films such as The Sessions and Project X exhibit high quantity of scenes where two individuals are engaging in sexual encounters. The actors and actresses that star in these motion pictures make sex seem exciting and enjoyable for everyone. They also pretend...
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...genetic cause of severe learning disabilities in children, occurring in one in every 700 to 800 infants. Increased understanding of Down syndrome and early interventions make a big difference in the lives of both children and adults with Down syndrome. Down syndrome is also known as Trisomy 21 syndrome. Trisomy 21 is due to an extra copy of chromosomes number 21. Instead of having the normal two copies chromosomes number 21, the person with Down syndrome has three copies of chromosomes 21. Meaning normally a fertilized egg has 23 pairs of chromosomes. In most people with Down syndrome, there is an extra copy of chromosome 21. (Rogers, 2007, pg.6) The formal story began in 1866, when a physician named John Langdon Down published an essay in England in which he described a set of children with common features who were distinct from other children with mental retardation. Down was superintendent of an asylum for children with mental retardation in Surrey, England when he made the first distinction between children who were cretins (later to be found to have hypothyroidism) and what he referred to as "Mongoloids." Down based this unfortunate name on his notion that these children looked like people from Mongolia, who were thought then to have an arrested development. This ethnic insult came under fire in the early 1960s from Asian genetic researchers, and the term was dropped from scientific use. Instead, the condition became called "Down's syndrome." In the 1970s, an American...
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...Epidemiology of Chickenpox Karissa N. Martinez Grand Canyon University: NRS-427V 05/16/2014 Epidemiology of Chickenpox This essay was written to explain the epidemiology of chickenpox and allow the reader to develop a better understanding of the disease. The author intended for the reader to become informed about the causes, symptoms, mode of transmission, complications, treatment and mortality and morbidity rates. Also, the reader will become familiar with the determinants of health and contributing factors to develop varicella, the relation of the epidemiologic triangle, the role of the community health nurse, as well as identify a national organization that reduces the impact of the disease on the community. Chickenpox also known as varicella is a highly infectious disease caused by the varicella zoster virus. Varicella zoster can cause two illnesses, the first is chickenpox and the second illness is herpes zoster also known as shingles. Transmission of this highly infectious disease is spread through droplet exposure and contact with fluid from blister like vesicles. Examples of exposure through droplets are sneezing, coughing and oral secretions inhaled causing infection to the new host. Chickenpox is easily spread two to three days before the rash appears and is contagious until all the vesicles are scabbed over (WebMD, 2013). Symptoms tend to develop fourteen to sixteen days after exposure; around day ten after the first symptom is when the blisters crust...
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...Travis Weaver English 112 June 1st, 2012 Primary Research Essay Lake Wylie is located on Gaston and Mecklenburg Counties in North Carolina and York County in South Carolina. The lakes water supply primarily comes from the Catawba River. The lake is man-made and used to create hydroelectricity by Duke Power Company. Lake Wylie is a large lake and offers an abundance of space for recreation and activities including: boating, fishing, water skiing, sun bathing, swimming and numerous other activities around the lake. It is enjoyed by many people during the summer time. Safety on the water becomes a problem with so many people participating in water activities. Several People die and many others are injured each year in association with the lake. The first thing that comes to mind when being around water is being able to swim. Many people die each year while being on the lake because they cannot swim or not very strong swimmers. Some people think its not cool to wear a life jacket so they jump into the lake without wearing one. They can swim for a short while but they become exhausted and are not close enough to grab on to anything and they struggle to keep their head above the water. Other children were never taught how to swim at all and they think they will be fine hugging onto a float or noodle but they can lose their grip and down they go. The water is dark and by the time someone notices it is to late. The lake water itself is a safety concern. There have been reports...
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...snouts for noses, hooves instead of hands and their long and flaccid ears. In short, these people were turning into cows. Also illustrated in the center of Gilray’s cartoon was a doctor holding a syringe and gazing into the distance: Edward Jenner. People felt that vaccines were so absurd and dangerous that they were capable of transmute a human being. Jenner’s cowpox vaccine eventually permitted the elimination of smallpox off the face of the earth. In modern day, this ignorant fear seems rather amusing hence in most parts of the world, we have become accustomed to the method and reason of science. Although we do not possess the fear that a vaccine can turn people into cows, we do possess another fear: the fear of...
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