...In 1607, one hundred and four Englishmen were sent to North America to begin a new settlement. They settled in Tsenacommacah, an area near Chesapeake Bay. The men established the colony as Jamestown. After disputes in England, puritan separatists left England on their own financing and settled a new colony, Plymouth, in 1620. While both Jamestown and Plymouth originally established a legislative government, they diverged by the people of Jamestown seeking money and those of Plymouth looking for religious freedom. The settlers at Jamestown were members of the Church of England, contradicting the settlers at Plymouth who were separatist from the Church of England. The settlers that came to what is known as Jamestown and Plymouth were...
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...convicted the solely of the murder of his wife not the cannibalism, Percy sentenced the man to burn at the stake. The location of Jamestown contributed to the hardships of the early settlers, The Virginia company gave instructions to locate the settlement along the Hudson River, hidden from the Spanish but accessible to ship trade. The soil at Jamestown is sandy and a poor choice for crop growth, also the river in which they drew their drinking water from would turn brackish at high tide. But this was of little concern to Captain Newport, of the Susan Constant, the location of the settlement was not meant to be ideal for agriculture. “The colonists were not meant to be self-sufficient; they would be regularly resupplied. Their job was to look for gold and to buy goods...
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...In the early 1600s, the British began to arrive and settle the Americas. Many religious groups such as the Puritans, voyaged to the New World in hopes of escaping religious persecution. Additionally, companies, similar to the Virginia Company, chartered voyages, in which part of the profits of the colonies would return to them. These journeys were to build colonies that would discover precious metals that would be exported back to Great Britain. Modern historians question whether or not the British settled haphazardously, because of the seemingly sporadic nature of the colonies. When considering this idea, there are many examples of early colonies which could have benefited from better organization. For example, Jamestown was founded in the...
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...England’s first attempt at colonizing in North America was the Roanoke Colony. This settlement unfortunately failed, causing the people of Great Britain to take a step back and re-evaluate the benefits of settling in the New World. Britain’s next attempt at colonizing along the James River in Virginia, almost ended in disaster if it had not have been for the strong leadership of Captain John Smith. His motivation to survive, solid relationships with Native American tribes, and sturdy leadership skills were fundamental in the success of Jamestown, North America’s first permanent colony. A New Settlement It was the year 1606 when the London Company executed a plan for a new colony. Despite the previous failure of the Roanoke Colony, the group...
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...The Rise of Colonialism The rise of colonialism in North America began in the early sixteenth century when cartography reawakened after years of stagnation allowing for the exploration of New World. (Goucher, LeGuin, and Walton, 1998). Opening up an exciting new adventure for Europeans who were seeking economic gain and religious freedom from Europe. The first colonists sailed to the Atlantic seaboard in 1584, giving them the opportunity to explore the New World and establish their own colonies (Annenberg Learner,2013b). The consequence from this first undertaking of colonization dissipated without a trace in1590 and was dubbed, The Lost Colony of Roanoke (Annenberg Learner, 2013b). Seventeen years later, in 1607, Captain Christopher Newport would sail the Atlantic ocean landing on the shores of Chesapeake Bay and establishing Jamestown on May 13,1607 (Annenberg Learner, 2103b). Jamestown became the first permanent English settlement in North America and the inauguration of colonization in North America ( Annenberg Learner, 2013b). Although the colony of Jamestown began to decline, new colonist still arrived yearly, nearly 80 percent of them died over the next three years, a result of starvation and attacks from the Indians (Annenberg Learner, 2103b). Captain Newport left Jamestown and Captain John Smith, a dictator, was placed in charge of the colony. In order for the colony of Jamestown to prosper, Captain Smith gave the settlers an ultimatum, to work or starve. The...
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...“Success is somebody else’s failure. Success is the American Dream we can keep dreaming because most people in most places, including the thirty million of ourselves, live wide awake in the terrible reality of poverty.” LeGuin essentially claims that in order for one to succeed, another must fail; however, success stems from one’s own failure. LeGuin mentions the American Dream, which, for years, has been perceived by most as the hope of success and prosperity. Closely akin to this is the American Spirit. Since the early settlement of Jamestown, Virginia, we Americans have done nothing less than to keep our heads held high and do whatever it takes to achieve success. As concluded by Claudia O’Keefe in The Traveling Bra Salesman’s Lesson, “Only when we admit that the future awaits us can we embrace a more inclusive and thrilling successor…” O’Keefe reminds us how important it is to live for the future – not necessarily the moment. It is exactly this that the American Spirit adheres to, as remarked by President Barack Obama in his Independence Day address on July 4, 2009: “…It is what has always led us, as a people, not to wilt or cower at a difficult moment, but to face down any trial and rise to any challenge…” This has been exactly how we, as Americans, have conducted ourselves since the settling of Jamestown, Virginia in 1607. We make our mistakes, do our due diligence, and make success a reality. In this way, success stems from, and is one’s own failure – not another’s. In the...
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...Francis Drake. In 1587, Raleigh shipped out another batch of 100 colonists under John White. White returned to England to procure more supplies, but the war with Spain delayed his return to Roanoke. By the time he finally returned in August 1590, everyone had vanished. White and his men found no trace of the 100 or so colonists he left behind, and there was no sign of violence. The only piece of evidence left was the word “Croatoan” left on the constructed palisades around the settlement. To this day it is not certain what occurred during the time White left for supplies. It was found later that during the time of the departure of John White, there was a severe drought. This no doubt was a major contributing factor of the total failure of Roanoke. The early 17th century English settlers faced many hardships including many starving due to lack of crops, lack of non-contaminated water, disease, and...
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...send supplies to his colony for over three years. (Berkin 55) A supply ship reached the Roanoke Island and the men on board couldn’t find a trace of the colonist. The board men were clueless as to the disappearance of the inhabitants of Roanoke apart from a single word written, “Croatan”, carved into the bark of a nearby tree. Sir Walter Raleigh’s fortune had disappeared as well in the process. Whether the Roanoke Colonists had fled from an attack by the Croatan Indians, been murdered by them, or rescued by them in the face of starvation, epidemic, or some other natural disaster, no one knows. (Berkin 55) After this tremendous failure of the first colony, no one attempted to establish another English colony in almost sixteen years. Jamestown, The first permanent colony settlement, was attacked by the hostile natives who inhabited areas around Jamestown based on their previous experience with Spanish explorers. Encounters between English explorers and Native Americans began to become unsettling and brutal. Even after attacking the English ships before they landed, the leader of confederation of tribes around the Chesapeake Bay, Powhatan, hoped to gain an alliance through hospitality and offerings. Even so, the colonists ignored all offerings and sought what they came for, fortune. The colonists were after wealth so they neglected necessary work to make the colony thrive. After the colony’s first two years, the settlement began to fall and was saved by Captain John Smith’s leadership...
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...Commemorations Pilgrim Memorials Around the World The Society How to Join Society Information SMDPA News Newsletter JR PA Mayflower Newsletter For Teachers & Students Links Contact Membership Info Apply Now Eligibility & How To Join Proving Your Lineage Passenger List About the SMDPA Donate Contact Us Discover History Articles Comparing Plymouth and Jamestown Comparing Plymouth and Jamestown Written by Robert Jennings Heinsohn 1. Introduction Pilgrim families arrived in Holland in the spring of 1608 and in Plymouth in December 1620. In May 1607, 105 men arrived in Jamestown to establish the first permanent English settlement in North America. While the individuals in both settlements were English, the they were different in many important ways. To fully appreciate our Pilgrim heritage, it is important to understand the differences between Plymouth and Jamestown. This essay identifies major differences and explains how these differences affected the settlements during the first few decades of their arrival. 2. Royal Charters and Patents Sir Humphrey Gilbert c. 1539-1583 Early Efforts to Colonize North America Queen Elizabeth granted a patent (Royal Charter) to Sir Humphrey Gilbert (half brother of Sir Walter Ralegh) who led an expedition to Newfoundland in 1583 and claimed it for England. For the next thirty years he tried, but without success, to begin settlements. Eventually he was lost at sea in a storm. A Royal Charter was granted to...
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...Early European Exploration 1. Spain (new Spain) Reasons for exploration o God, Gold and Glory Area claimed o South and Central America without Brazil. Florida and New Mexico in North America Importance of Hernando de Soto, Hernán Cortez, Christopher Columbus o Columbus began first permanent contact between Europeans and the Americas o Hernando De Soto discovered the Mississippi o Francisco Cortes explored the SW (Grand Canyon), brought horses to Native Americans, 2. French (new French) Reasons for exploration o Fishing and Fur Trade Area claimed o All along the Saint Lawrence River and later the Mississippi River to Louisiana Importance of Verazzano, Cartier, Champlain, de la Salle. o Verazzano was first to discover New York and claim it for France; has a bridge named after himself o Jacques Cartier sailed up the Saint Lawrence River and founded Montreal (but was considered a failure by the French) o Samual de Champlain founded Quebec City and is known as the father of New France o de la Salle sailed down the Mississippi, founded Memphis and claimed Louisiana (named after Louis XIV) for France 3. English Reasons for exploration o Mercantilism – more land and raw resources for land-starved English, along with the creation of new markets for goods Lost colony of Roanoke (story) o (2nd voyage to Roanoke 1st hitched a ride back with Sir Francis Drake) Sailed to Roanoke and ran out of supplies. John White then sailed back to England for supplies...
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...everything. Just as Franklin influenced the world, the world influenced Franklin in return. However, just like the Atlantic world influenced the First American, it too had great impacts of America herself. The connection between Europe and the early Anglo-American colonies influenced how America’s political system formed, from its beginnings in the earliest colonies, to the evolution of America’s unique brand of politics and the completion of America’s political system in the 1800s. Early in the 1600s the establishment of colonies by joint stock...
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...Urban Indian North America Mourning Wars – When Europeans came over and started interaction and trades with Indians, they affected Indians by brought diseases, which resulted in deaths of large amounts of Indians. Those deaths were devastating for Indians and resulted in mourning wars. When Indian communities lost members to disease or warfare, they often kidnapped neighboring enemies in mourning wars, adopting the women and children into their own community and torturing the men, enacting a ritual form of grief. As an example of a mourning war might be “Beavers Wars” (17 century - about 1640). The smallpox brought by Dutch and English killed huge amounts of Indians ( probably more than a half of the population of Iroquois). The lost of such a big amount of people set the Iroquois with other tribes on a warpath and resulted in a war between Huron and Iroquois. Columbian Exchange – when Christopher Columbus discovered the Americas it set in motion a movement of people between Old and New World. Europeans got interested in Americas and its goods. Columbian exchange was a transfer of people, plants, animals, and disease between the Americas and the rest of the world that began during the time of Columbus ( XV century- about 1493). The Columbian Exchange had an impact on European and Indian life. Many unknown goods were exchanged between colonialists and Indians, such as plans (corn, potatoes), animals (ships, lamas, horses), tools (weapons), which changed life for...
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...Tobacco Industry Tobacco is a green leaf that usually grows in warmer climate and the use of tobacco is by cigarette, pipe or cigar and another way of using tobacco is by chewing or sniffed through nose. Tobacco contain Nicotine (is a drug) by consuming tobacco the nicotine follow into our bloodstream and changes our body and we feel our heart beats faster and increase blood pressure. It was widely found in North and South of America and at first it was use by American as a special religious and medical purpose, before the European came from England, Spain, France, and Italy to North America. After that in 1612 American colony Jamestown, Virginia plant tobacco as a source of Income which was sold to British and it was the oldest industry in United States. Tobacco has enjoyed deeper ties to the colonization of the New World and to the expansion of international trade between the New World and Europe, Asia, and the Middle East over the last four centuries, and at the end of the twentieth century U.S. Companies such as Philip Morris and RJR Nabisco continued to dominate the International cigarette market and stood among the most profitable transnational corporations. US tobacco growing, manufacturing, distribution, marketing, and sales contributed $15 billion in wages to some 660,000 American workers. Beside that it was the symbol of modernity and in 1880s it helped inaugurate in the United States the modern era of mass consumer products, mass advertising and promotion. However...
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...The Guilford Strategic Alliance: Building Tomorrow, Today Pursuing and Maximizing Our Potential Developing Our Road Map Focus Groups Summary Report* As of March 2008 * So far The Guilford Strategic Alliance: Building Tomorrow, Today - Community Survey Results Table of Contents Introduction Focus Group Summaries Immigrants Judicial System Greensboro News and Record Editorial Staff Secondary Education Greensboro Foundations Towns – Jamestown, Pleasant Garden, Sedalia, Stokesdale, Summerfield, Whitsett Higher Education Environment Cooperative Extension County Advisory Group Former Guilford County Commissioners Non-Profit Organizations Hospitality, Conventions, Arts & Sports Focus Group Detailed Notes from Focus Group Meetings Introduction Why Focus Groups? Phase One of the Strategic Alliance Project was Assessment. The goal during this phase was to engage the public in the project, to receive comments from stakeholders and residents, and to establish a benchmark for future public assessments of County performance. Three methods were used to meet the Assessment goal: a community survey, facilitated public forums and focus groups. This report summarizes the focus group discussions. How did input differ from the community forums and survey? The focus groups are made up of community stakeholders that have specific interactions with County government. In some cases there is a very strong existing relationship. In others, there is a desire for greater interaction...
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...Genre Analysis: Standards of Learning Virginia Standards of Learning The Standards of Learning (SOL) is a program from the Commonwealth of Virginia. The program sets forth learning and achievement guidelines for grade K-12 in Virginia’s Public School system. These standards are what many teachers, principals, attendants, and the business community feel students should obtain before high school graduation. The SOL was a direct response to President George W. Bush’s “No Child Left Behind Law,” was signed into law on January 8, 2002. This law addresses student expected achievement in four major areas: English, Mathematics, Science, and History/Social Science. In 1998, the first year of SOL testing, two percent of commonwealth public schools met the standard for full accreditation. Standards of Learning are not administered in private schools, hear in lies one of the major issue topics for the SOL. Students will be held back if he or she doesn’t pass their SOL’s. A school’s allotted budget is mandated by it’s ability to meet achievement requirements and test school outputs by the students. The biggest issue with these required tests is students are deprived of a more hands on approach to learning and lesson plans are rushed to meet SOL deadlines. President Bush’s “No child left behind,” in the Henrico County school system simply this meant push every child through no matter what. Teachers and administrators were always working on a timeline to push...
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