...Development Across The Life Span Social Clock: Ravena Helson Social And PD In Adulthood : Daniel Levinson Intimacy Vs Isolation: Erik Erikson Relationship Development: Bernard Mursntein Triangular Theory Of Love: Robert Sternberg Selecting A Partner Marriage Conflict Divorce UNIT 4 EARLY ADULTHOOD PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT Career Choose And Embarking On Career Identity During Young Adulthood Career Development Holland’s Theory Ginzberg’s theory Gender And Career Choice Why People Work Career Transition Learning Unit Objectives Development Across the Lifespan Discuss about the personality development of early adulthood. Explain Social clock: Ravena Helson, Social and PD in adulthood : Daniel Levinson, Intimacy vs Isolation: Erik Erikson, Relationship development: Bernard Mursntein and Triangular Theory of Love: Robert Sternberg Discuss on issues about selecting a Partner as well as Marriage, Conflict in marriage and divorce Discuss issues related to Career. What makes people happy? Money? Materials? Objects? According to research, happiness in young adulthood is usually derived from feelings of independence, competence, or self-esteem (Sheldon et al, 2001). Therefore, the components of happiness: Fulfillment of psychological needs. Building relationships in Early Adulthood: Liking and Loving During early adulthood, romance, love, marriage and children are often the focus of life. The...
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...Adrienne Lindsey PSYC 2314.01 Early Adulthood Observation Observation Date: Wednesday, March 27, 2013 Time: 5:00-8:00PM Location: Adults Home OBSERVATIONS AND ANALYSIS Q was a 19 year old black male. He was in the Erickson’s intimacy vs. isolation stage. Areas of observation include physical, cognitive, and social/emotional development. Physical Development Q has reached maximum body growth and biological aging or senescence has begun. Biological ageing is “genetically influenced declines in the functioning of organs and systems that are universal in all members of our species” (Berk, 2010, p. 432). Q exercises daily but he admits that he doesn’t eat a healthy diet all the time. “Regular moderate to vigorous exercise predicts a healthier longer life” (Berk, 2010, p. 443). Also, “when too much saturated fat is consumed, some of it is converted to cholesterol, which accumulates as plaque on the arterial walls in atherosclerosis” (Berk, 2010, p. 441). Q was stressing about getting into college, helping his mother with bills, and finding a job. This is psychological development, “chronic stress resulting from economic hardships is linked to hypertension, which contributes to the high incidence of heart disease in low-income groups, especially African-Americans” (Berk, 2010, p. 450). Cognitive Development Q has not entered college yet but he knows that it is something he has to do in order to get a good paying job. Study shows that “about 20...
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...Early adulthood is the time in an individuals life where mature friendships, intimate relationships, job searching , college applications, graduate school applications, independency and many other things begin to take place. Early adulthood is an extreme developmental phase in the life cycle. Establishing a secure personal identity, building up of ideological values, selecting long-term and short term goals, and looking into the future are just some of the things that we start to figure out. All of these adulthood steps come with stress, road bumps, hardships, and lessons. Intimate relationships begin to form, along with these relationships comes attachment, with attachment comes heartbreak if the relationship does not work out, and of course heartbreak leads to depression and the chain continues. Job searching is another big step, finding a job is hard enough, but losing a job is even harder. Researchers have found that unemployment develops mental problems such as anxiety and depression which lead to marital problems and homicide. (Backhans & Hemmingsson, 2012;Freyer-Adam & others, 2011). Stress comes along with all these steps of early adulthood however the way an individual is brought up , the environment that he/she has grown up in all play a big factor as well. Individuals who grow up around parents who are alcoholics for example are more likely to be alcoholics themselves. So many major steps take place during early adulthood which is why so many psychological problems...
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...borrowed from Europe called the putting-out system. Under this system merchants would buy the raw materials, recruit dozens, or in some case hundreds, of farm families to do the work, and then sell the finished product. Many shoes in New England were made in this manner; women and children would make part of the shoe, which would be finished by experienced shoemakers. Beginning in the late 1780s the textile industry started to use power-driven machines and interchangeable parts. All power in these early factories came from water, so the early factories all were located along rivers. Most were located in New England or the Middle states. In the 1790s factories like those in Lowell, Massachusetts, began to weave cotton imported from the south. With the introduction of the cotton gin in the same decade, more cotton became available, and production boomed. By 1840 the textile industry employed nearly 75,000 workers, with almost half of them women. The workforce of many of the early factories was hired using the “Lowell System.” Young women from surrounding areas were brought in to work. They worked for a pittance, worked in horrible conditions, and slept in dormitories provided by the factory. The young women saw this as temporary work, as many went home after several years after making some money (and in some cases...
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...BS-PSYCHOLOGY Human Developmental Psychology Early childhood Summary Early adulthood is the prime of life, a phase of the life span between adolescence and full-fledged adulthood. They are not young enough to be included in the group of young teenagers, but also not old enough or don’t take on many of the responsibilities that 30 year olds are socially expected to perform. The people at this stage grow although does not grow taller but they become more strong and significantly healthier. This stage where drug abuse and alcoholism emerge causing many kinds of disease in later life. Those who engage in proper exercise and sports will likely to be healthier than those who are not. Cognitive development is also improving at this stage, thinking may become more adaptive, practical, and dialectical to take into account the inconsistencies and complexities encountered in daily experiences, as an individual takes on the responsibilities and commitments of adult life. Their moral thinking becomes deeper as well as religious faith becomes more reflective, with more appreciation of diverse viewpoints and also more commitment to one's own convictions. In terms of social and emotional development, the transition to early adulthood is a time of prolonged exploration of attitudes, values, and life possibilities in young adulthood. The need for affiliation is fulfilled by friends and often by a romantic commitment to a partner. Friendship is important to adulthood particularly to the single. The need...
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...Early and Middle Adulthood Marianne Williamson said, “In our society, as people pass out of young adulthood, they tend to relate to themselves more in terms of what they are no longer than what they are now, and that’s psychologically low-grade devastating”. As we age, we tend to look at the future, that growth with fear or trepidation. We mourn the loss of our “youth” rather than embrace the new changes we are heading toward. These changes we will experience are vast and necessary for each stage of development. As we grow become adults we will experience a variety of psychological changes as we adjust to aging and any changes that will happen to our lifestyle. These changes should not be feared, they simply mark the growth and experience that we will go through. During early and middle adulthood these changes are the most apparent. These changes can affect our relationships, the roles we play, and our later life. The way that people adjust to the changes of growing older and how this affects the rest of their life is what we will examine here. Social and Intimate Relationships During early and middle adulthood the way people view and interact within their relationships will be affected by a variety of factors. During middle to late adulthood, people will enter the fifth stage of Erik Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory of Development. During this stage people will face a crisis where they will face being alone or being involved in meaningful relationships, called intimacy versus...
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...BS-PSYCHOLOGY Human Developmental Psychology Early childhood Summary Early adulthood is the prime of life, a phase of the life span between adolescence and full-fledged adulthood. They are not young enough to be included in the group of young teenagers, but also not old enough or don’t take on many of the responsibilities that 30 year olds are socially expected to perform. The people at this stage grow although does not grow taller but they become more strong and significantly healthier. This stage where drug abuse and alcoholism emerge causing many kinds of disease in later life. Those who engage in proper exercise and sports will likely to be healthier than those who are not. Cognitive development is also improving at this stage, thinking may become more adaptive, practical, and dialectical to take into account the inconsistencies and complexities encountered in daily experiences, as an individual takes on the responsibilities and commitments of adult life. Their moral thinking becomes deeper as well as religious faith becomes more reflective, with more appreciation of diverse viewpoints and also more commitment to one's own convictions. In terms of social and emotional development, the transition to early adulthood is a time of prolonged exploration of attitudes, values, and life possibilities in young adulthood. The need for affiliation is fulfilled by friends and often by a romantic commitment to a partner. Friendship is important to adulthood particularly to the single. The need...
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...Early and Middle Adulthood Francisco Del Angel PSY/280 February 15, 2013 Shannon Hilligoss Early and Middle Adulthood In this paper, early and Middle adulthood will be compared and contrasted. It will show how the decisions made earlier in age may or may not affect people. This paper will go through the changes of social and intimate relationships in these two different age frames as well as the various role changes people in this age group might encounter. It’ll talk about health problems and the reasons for these problems. In early adult hood the age range is 18-25. Around this time frame people tend to break away from social ties and begin to become independent from their parents. They move out the house and go to college or simply get their own apartment to gain ultimate independence. They choose not to be committed to anyone, like a serious girlfriend to avoid marriage or children. It was thought that in order to be intimate you were to be serious with someone and possibly get married and have children. However early adults are beginning to discover that marriage and parenthood are only two of several ways paths to go through when in search of intimacy. One of the main sources of intimacy for emerging adults is friendship. This is especially true for those who do in fact break away from their parents and choose not to be married or have children of their own. Usually men and women prefer friends of the same sex so they can participate in same sex activities to...
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...BS-PSYCHOLOGY Human Developmental Psychology Early childhood Summary Early adulthood is the prime of life, a phase of the life span between adolescence and full-fledged adulthood. They are not young enough to be included in the group of young teenagers, but also not old enough or don’t take on many of the responsibilities that 30 year olds are socially expected to perform. The people at this stage grow although does not grow taller but they become more strong and significantly healthier. This stage where drug abuse and alcoholism emerge causing many kinds of disease in later life. Those who engage in proper exercise and sports will likely to be healthier than those who are not. Cognitive development is also improving at this stage, thinking may become more adaptive, practical, and dialectical to take into account the inconsistencies and complexities encountered in daily experiences, as an individual takes on the responsibilities and commitments of adult life. Their moral thinking becomes deeper as well as religious faith becomes more reflective, with more appreciation of diverse viewpoints and also more commitment to one's own convictions. In terms of social and emotional development, the transition to early adulthood is a time of prolonged exploration of attitudes, values, and life possibilities in young adulthood. The need for affiliation is fulfilled by friends and often by a romantic commitment to a partner. Friendship is important to adulthood particularly to the single. The need...
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...Early and Middle Adulthood Nakia Spates PSY/280 February 3, 2012 Michael Moore Early and Middle Adulthood The person must learn how to form intimate relationships, both in friendship and love. The development of this skill relies on the resolution of other stages. It may be hard to establish intimacy if one has not developed trust or a sense of identity. If this skill is not learned the alternative is alienation, isolation, a fear of commitment, and the inability to depend on others. Early adulthood you experience freedom and mistakes due to you becoming a young adult or somewhat anxious to get away from mom and dad. Some young adult are very careless with relationships as well as sexual acts too, which would change everything meaningless and unprotected sex usually ends up pregnancy. The intimacy comes in later adolescence and is marked by the teen's ability to sustain a relationship in which self-fulfillment is balanced with the desire to satisfy another's needs. Such a relationship is characterized by the ability to combine affection, sexuality, and friendship all in one. One can...
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...People who are charged with offences in the United States will very often attempt to use one of the criminal defences to make them not criminally responsible or less criminally responsible for the charge. Some of the Criminal defences used are the insanity defense, claiming that the offender was mentally insane, the necessity defence, claiming that the crime was committed to prevent a more serious crime from occurring, and being underage. Each of these three criminal defences are very effective ways of reducing or eliminating criminal responsibility from the offender. A person's age is a large variable in determining whether or not the person is criminally responsible. and child under the age of seven years old is most likely not going to be charged with any crimes because that child is not old enough to understand criminal intent based on brain development. A person is seven to eighteen years old is also considered underage, yet still able to be charged with crimes, however they are likely considered less responsible for crimes because their mens rea has not fully developed yet. These people are considered juveniles and are dealt with an entirely different system of courts and punishments. In Pennsylvania, twelve year old boy is being charged with two counts of murder for shooting a woman who was eight months pregnant, killing both the women and the fetus (Chen). This is an example of how the underage defence is not working someone that young should be trialed as a juvenile...
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...Early Adulthood When you're on the go in early adulthood, from ages 19 to 30, you need plenty of calories to fuel your busy lifestyle. The 2010 Dietary Guidelines tailor caloric recommendations not only to specific genders, but also to how physically active you are. Women ages 19 to 30 should consume anywhere from 1,800 to 2,400 calories a day, depending on activity level, while men should eat 2,400 to 3,000 calories a day. This is the time to eat plenty of calcium, found in low-fat dairy products and green leafy vegetables, as your bones continue to grow through your 20s, as well as iron and folic acid. Middle Age Your caloric needs decrease slightly as you hit your 30s and 40s. Women in this age range need 1,800 to 2,200 calories per day, while men should have 2,200 to 3,000 calories a day. During these two decades, boost your intake of omega-3 fatty acids, found in fatty fish, chia and flax seeds and walnuts; this unsaturated fat decreases inflammation and improves your cholesterol. Also ensure that you meet your iron needs -- choose fortified breakfast cereals, lean red meat or green leafy vegetables -- as this mineral helps keep you from feeling sluggish and boosts immune system function. Golden Years...
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...Early and Middle Adulthood Paper Morgaine Smith PSY280 April 17, 2012 Early to middle adulthood is a time of independence, identity seeking, and lifestyle forming. During this time people strike out on their own, building relationships and establishing social and health-affecting habits. Middle adulthood differs from young adulthood in social needs (although the basic need for socialization remains the same), and represents a shift in attitude about relationships and vocations that moves from fluidity to stability. Health practices are also at work here, with factors such as diet, exercise, and drug use in young adulthood impacting middle adulthood later on. Erikson believed that people need constant contact with others throughout their lives, from birth to death, whether that contact is romantic intimacy or a relationship with friends and family. In romantic relationships, young adults tend to be “serially monogamous” [ (Berger, 2010) ], or remaining emotionally or sexually involved with only one person for a period of time, though the relationship is rarely permanent, and the young adult may have many of these relationships during this stage of his or her life. This is typical for the age group, which is characterized by an unwillingness to commit permanently to a job, a spouse, or even an educational program. Young adults today are markedly different from young adults in the previous generation, in that they marry later and may not start families or enter a permanent...
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...really know a man until you stand in his shoes and walk around in them. Just standing on the Radley porch was enough” (Lee 374). At the end of the novel, she Scout sees Boo for the first time and sees how he was never really the scary monster everyone thought he was. As she stands on the porch steps, thinking of how the events are viewed from different perspectives, and almost literally standing in someone else’s shoes, she sees how things are not always how they seem and how it is not good to make assumptions about people and situations. Looking back, she probably would not have done some of the things she did if she knew this. Another thing Atticus has taught Scout was what it means to be a mockingbird. Something she was told about early in the book, but never knew what this meant. When Bob Ewell died, Heck Tate refused to tell people that it was Boo. This is because he was trying to protect him from the people in town and was trying to protect a “mockingbird”. She finally understands this when she says “Well, it’d be sort of like shootin’ a mockingbird, wouldn’t it be?” (Lee 370). She realizes that a mockingbird is a victim of society’s prejudice,...
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...In Skolnicks’ Selection from the Family Transition, 2007, Arlene and Jerome assessed American traditional family, and they explained how the family values have become a central battleground in American politics. They articulated their ideas about how families have changed and how social and economic circumstances affected and reshaped families. Similarly, the authors of the Growing up is Harder to do argue that the past early adulthood had much more responsibility than today’s early adulthood because of the social and economic change that has happened. My understanding of both the ideas, “social and economic” are the two things that gave women their own financial independence, and let the present early adulthood without thinking the responsibility...
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