...Earthquakes and tsunamis are two of the most unpredictable natural disasters known to mankind. Due to the fact, that individuals fear what they cannot control, earthquakes and tsunamis are targeted for scientific research. Some people feel that the devastation, length of warning, and origination of an earthquake surpasses that of a tsunami. However, both of the natural phenomenon’s can result in a number of miles covered in destruction, traumatized individuals and animals, as well as deaths. As a result, mankind desperately attempts to have the ability to predict natural disasters like earthquakes and tsunamis. In recent years there has been a technological revolution in storm monitoring. Also, the advancement in a human’s ability to reduce the amount of casualties in devastation has increased. In fact, in some states where earthquakes and/or tsunamis are frequented, it is mandatory that people adhere to codes that are set by law. For instance, during an earthquake an individual should stand under the arch of a doorway to avoid injuries. As well as, during a tsunami, an individual should get to a higher elevation of land to help minimize the impact of the crashing wave. Likewise, there are laws in place that outline steps that are to be taken to help reduce a vast devastation of any one area. Moreover, the length of warning time for an earthquake and a tsunami is different. Technology has assisted humans with the ability to monitor activities that results from...
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...The earthquake and the tsunami on the Indian Ocean (2004) On 26th of December 2004, the most horrible nightmare came true for the people living in the countries located on the Indian Ocean; Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, India, Sri Lanka and the Maldives. It’s one of those episodes that still are remembered today and are in the back of people’s minds. It was series of underground-earthquakes that were triggered, and the first and the most powerful earthquake at magnitude 9,3 on the Richter’s scale. It began 7:58 AM (Indonesia’s time). The earthquake was starting, and Jakarta’s geophysics institute registered it at magnitude 6.5 at the Richter’s scale. The United States Geological Survey reported the magnitude was at 8.1, but after analyses it was then increased to 8.5, afterwards 8.9, and at the end 9.0. After 16 minutes, a warning was published by Hawaii. The biggest disaster struck after 30 minutes, though, when strong waves (that were up to 10 meters high) began hitting the west coast of Sumatra. Only 1 to 2 hours later, the waves came to Thailand, south Myanmar and parts of Malaysia. In Sri Lanka, the waves came 1 to 2 hours after the earthquake. The waves that hit Maldives 4 hours later were not as strong, though… they were still stronger than the waves that hit Kenya, Somalia and Tanzania 6 to 7 hours thereafter. Like I mentioned, the earthquake was first measured at 6.5 at the Richter’s scale, but at the end (after analyses), it was measured at 9.3. The hypocenter...
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...Tsunamis The repercussions of tsunamis are extraordinary. The 2010 Indian Ocean Tsunami ranks number six on the list of deadliest natural disasters of all time. That alone proves the grim manner of these series of large waves caused by the sudden movement of the ocean. Tsunamis are fierce, dangerous natural disasters. They not only can kill plenty but also can cost considerable amounts. This essay will focus on the major, most famous tsunamis in the world’s history. Tsunamis occur mostly in the Pacific Ocean mostly around the Ring of Fire (“Tsunamis”). This is because this dangerous area is known for its production of such disasters as volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, or even both trigger the Tsunami. There have been spectacular tsunamis in the past. 1707 Hoei Tsunami was for centuries the largest earthquake in Japan (“1707 Hōei earthquake”). The earthquake that caused it had magnitude of 8.6. The earthquake’s fault rupture extended to more than 700 km (“Abstract”). Back in 1771, an earthquake of a 7.4 magnitude occurred just south of the Okinawa, Japan Island. Killing nearly eight and a half thousand people, a tsunami of mass destruction took place. The population decrease to about one third and more than 2,000 houses were demolished (“1771 Great Yaeyama Tsunami”). Comparatively, on November 1, 1775 an earthquake in the Kingdom of Portugal occurred. The earthquake caused fires and a tsunami. This tsunami almost completely destroyed Lisbon, in the Kingdom of Portugal. The...
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...such as an earthquake, tsunami, or flood, have on an urban centre? Serious natural disasters can have many negative effects on urban centres. To start, the buildings are left in wreckage. Buildings that have poor structure are damaged and often collapse. Residential areas are at risk of being flooded, leaving potential ruin amongst homes and businesses. These impacts aren't it though, they're just immediate effects during the disaster. There are other concerns that occur during rebuilding, and land reclamation. Congested living conditions, lack of sanitation, clean water, and garbage disposal are all possibilities which contribute to serious illness.People will also have to leave...
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...there are many forces of nature containing huge destructing power. Tornadoes, floods, earthquakes, storms, hurricanes or even volcanic eruptions are taking place all around the globe at a given point in time. One of these most destructive natural disasters is named as Tsunami. The word Tsunami is of Japanese origin meaning harbor waves. However, that Tsunami name is discouraged by many scientists claiming that Tsunamis are not tidal waves and are not caused by tides. Tsunami strikes have number of causes out of which the most common cause is “earthquake or a shift in the Earth’s tectonic plates. It is a wave of ocean caused by an earthquake, sometimes these waves are high, but not in all cases (Bryant, 2014). The enormous amount of water is taken by Tsunami to towns that destroy everything in its way. Tsunamis are also caused by underwater volcanic eruptions. The explosion that takes place under the water can cause gas and dust during eruption. Similarly earthquake under the water causes the great waves by pushing the large volumes of water to the surface above. Earthquake or volcanic eruption under water can cause pressure to be released into a large body of water and shifts Entire Ocean as well. This huge surge of water is then pushed up towards the nearest land. Usually earthquakes that occur on the seafloor or in the coastal areas cause Tsunamis. The energy that is generated by the earthquake is then transmitted through the water causing twelve inches sea waves (generally)...
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...The Affects Natural Disasters have on Countries By: There are many natural disasters that occur throughout the earth in many countries. Some natural disasters are devastating killing the lives of men and the environment they live in. Other natural disasters are portrayed to be just a bad day created by Mother Nature to just pass by. Overall, the natural disasters that can be catastrophic to people on earth are hurricanes, earthquakes, and tsunamis. All three natural disasters occur in many countries. Hurricanes are common in the United State of America, earthquakes are common in Mexico, and tsunamis are common in Japan. These three countries have experienced the worst damage from these natural disasters. The countries had to watch their people die, find a way to recover physically and mentally, and suffer from billions of dollars in damages. These people practically lose everything and have to find a way to rebuild what was lost. In order to save lives and help reduce damage from natural disasters, mankind has come a long way in technology to predict the size and location of each natural disaster’s destruction. Technology is not the same as it was one hundred years ago. With the help from NASA and scientists all over the world, people are able to give out broadcasted warnings to millions of people of the natural disaster that’s about to hit. All in all, technology has saved many lives from natural disasters but mankind is still trying to find a way in reducing damage from...
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...Nadir Berrada Geological Science March 5th, 2013 Tsunamis: A deeper look into Bayona’s movie “The Impossible” A tsunami, or “harbor wave” in Japanese, is describes as the result of a sequence of water waves which is caused by the upset, or displacement, of a massive volume of a body of water, usually either an ocean or a vast lake. The awareness for tsunamis has risen tremendously as they have become less rare in the current and previous century. As this destructive force has made a great impact in today’s talk over natural disasters, scientists all over the world, media, as well as Hollywood directors have all decided to dig deeper into tsunamis. This paper will discuss the numerous scientific principles that cause tsunamis to occur, various effects of these seismic sea waves, different methods on how they can be prevented, the impact of recent tsunamis had around the globe, and finally how the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami was portrayed in Juan Antonio Bayona’s movie, “The Impossible”. There are four possible elements that cause a tsunami to form. These factors, from most likely to occur to least likely respectively include, earthquakes, submarine landslides, submarine volcanic eruptions, and large meteorites crashing in the ocean (Magnus). In order to better comprehend the causes that make a tsunami, it is important to have a better knowledge about earthquakes. Earthquakes are formed alongside certain faults, which are fractures in the Earth’s crust. As these fractured plates...
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...INTRODUCTION Although scientific recognition of the earthquake hazard presented by the Cascadia subduction zone (CSZ) is relatively recent, the Native American’s have lived on the Cascadia coast for thousands of years, handing down knowledge through millennial storytelling. This paper reflects evidence on coastal earthquakes and is presented in Native traditions and estimates the dates of the most recent seismic events from their culture. The primary plate- boundary fault of the CSZ separates the oceanic Juan de Fuca Plate from the continental North America Plate, partaking with the San Andreas Fault Plate. It lies about 80 km offshore and encompasses roughly parallel to the coast from the middle of Vancouver Island to northern...
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...boundaries: divergent, convergent and transform. Divergent plates move away from each other, forming new land when magma rises from underneath the crust. This can also create volcanoes, lakes and rift valleys. Convergent plates move towards one another and collide. One plate usually subducts under the other, which surges upwards, often producing earthquakes, volcanic activity, and crustal deformation. Transform plates slide past one another. The friction from the abrasive edges of the plates causes earthquakes, generally followed by tsunamis. Slide 4: Vanuatu is a small archipelago of several main...
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...------------------------------------------------- 2003 INDIAN OCEAN EARTHQUAKE AND TSUNAMI ------------------------------------------------- REPORT ------------------------------------------------- BY Ray Ha ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- A OVERALL INTRODUCTION ------------------------------------------------- The Indian Ocean Earthquake happened in December 24th, 2004. The main ------------------------------------------------- places the ocean earthquake and tsunami stroke was the border of the India Ocean Plate and the Asian plate. This huge disaster came completely unexpected and caused GREAT suffer for Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Thailand, India, Maldives and many more South Asian countries, in both population and economy. From the statistics due to January 10th, 2005, the Indian Ocean Earthquake and Tsunami had whirled away 156 thousand lives, most experts point out that this might be the most disastrous Tsunami that has ever happened in recent 200 years...
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...[Course Title] [Supervisor Name] [Date] Tsunamis Tsunamis are caused by earthquakes, landslides and sometimes by volcanic eruption. Most commonly they are caused by earthquakes that causes disturbance below the ocean floor as they occur. This further moves water up to the surface creating large waves. These large waves are hundred of feet high and are known as tsunami. In the middle of the sea these waves are not that large but as they approach the shores they get very dangerous and cause great chaos to the land and its inhabitants. A tsunami is capable of destroying anything that comes on its way including buildings, trees, homes of people, trucks and cars and even telephone lines (Bryant). As there are different causes, there are different ways how a tsunami is made. When an earthquake takes place below the ocean floor it causes tectonic plates to flow against each other causing instability on the sea levels and creating large waves as an effect. Sometimes earthquakes also create landslides that in result can cause tsunami as the remains from landslides can cause water to move. Volcanoes can also explode underneath the sea. If that happen it causes a sudden gush of wave to move upwards in form of large waves (Bryant). The World’s most devastating tsunamis are the ones that occurred in Lisbon (Portugal), Sanriku (Japan), Messina (Italy), South Chile, Izmit Bay (Turkey) and the tsunami in the Indian Ocean (Bryant). The tsunami at Lisbon took place in 1775 measuring to a...
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...have their back; a piece of mind. In 1979, the Federal Emergency Management Agency was formed to help with state and local governments within the United States and the International Association of Emergency Managers was formed to help state, federal and governments ensure that their people have peace of mind. Table of Contents I. Introduction 3 II. Hurricane Katrina 4 III. Natural disasters in the United States 6 IV. Earthquake and tsunami in Japan 8 V. Natural disasters in the world 9 VI. Closing 11 VII. Reference 13 I. INTRODUCTIONS The environment is always changing and the people of the United States should always be aware of what could happen to them if they are not prepared for what Mother Nature do to their surroundings with no notice. There are several types of natural disasters that can maim and destroy communities and people lives. To name a few, they are hurricanes, tornadoes, typhoons, earthquakes, mudslides, flooding wildfires, tsunamis and volcanoes. Hurricanes are usually formed in the southern Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea or Gulf of Mexico. According to the Webster Dictionary, “hurricanes are a violent, tropical, cyclonic storm of the western North Atlantic, having wind...
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...COUNTRIES AFFECTED BY NATURAL CALAMITIES Natural disasters such as earthquakes, tsunamis, and floods can often come at the least expected time. Others, such as hurricanes and cyclones are increasing in severity and destruction. Typically, the poor are the worst hit for they have the least resources to cope and rebuild. As the 2011 Great Eastern Japan Earthquake has made all too clear, natural disasters can be very difficult to predict and fully prepare against, and have incredibly far-reaching consequences for the safety and wellbeing of individuals and communities. As in previous natural disasters such as the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, Hurricane Katrina in 2005, the Australian bushfires in 2009, the 2010 Haiti earthquake and the 2010 Pakistan floods, the impacts on people and society in affected areas are immediate and overwhelming. Such catastrophes tend to worsen pre-existing problems and inequalities, with vulnerable parts of the population often disproportionately impacted. For instance, initial estimates suggest that 65% of the deaths from the recent disaster in Japan were of people aged 60 or over. The consequences can be felt for many years, with people suffering as refugees or being displaced within their own country, their livelihoods destroyed, and facing long-term health issues. Over the past two years, 700 natural disasters were registered worldwide affecting more than 450 million people, according to a new IMF study. Damages have risen from an estimated...
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...discovered the historical and scientific evidence for a megathrust earthquake that generated a tsunami along the Cascadian subduction zone in 1700. A few geologists used radiocarbon dating and found that at least 900 kilometers (560 miles) along the fault ruptured between 1960 and 1720 (National Geographic Society [NGS], 1996). In 1996, Japanese researchers showed North American colleagues a tsunami that struck Honshu Island in 1700 to geological reports at the Cascadia subduction zone (NGS, 1996). Besides, Japan has a documented dating back to the 1500s, according to the National Geographic Society (1996). As a result, Japanese researchers concluded the Cascadia earthquake must have occurred in the evening of Tuesday, January...
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...Indian Ocean Tsunami happened at 00:58UT at 3.316 degrees North and 95.854 degrees East. The Tsunami lasted 8 minutes and caused 227,898 people to lose their lives, which affected many people in India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Maldives, Myanmar, Somalia, Sri Lanka and Thailand. The Indian Ocean Tsunami was created by a series of chain affects including subduction, formation of an earthquake, formation of a tsunami and wave formation. Subduction is the process that takes place at the boundaries by which one tectonic plate moves under another tectonic plate. The tectonic plates push against each other, causing a build up of pressure, which causes dramatic movement. The Indian Ocean Tsunami was located 250 kms off the West coast of Sumatra, Indonesia. The process of the Indonesian Tsunami was caused by the denser Indo-Australian plate was moving east while grinding against the lighter Burma tectonic plate and this caused the Burma plate to move about six centimetres a year over 150 years which caused a large amount of pressure to build up. The build up of pressure of by the Indo-Australian and Burma Tectonic plates in the continent of South-East Asia caused the formation of the earthquake that formed the Indian Ocean Tsunami. The build up of pressure over the years, forced the earths crust to break, causing a 9.3 magnitude earthquake on the 26th of December 2004. The epicentre of an earthquake is the point on the earth's surface directly above the focus of an earthquake and is the...
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