...From Earthquakes to Tsunamis Canada’s West Coast which is home to beautiful British Columbia, has experienced a fault line issue which created more earthquakes with magnitudes greater than any other of the provinces and territories. Out of the 4000 earthquakes that happen per year in Canada, scientists at the Geological Survey of Canada stated that there are “approximately 1000 earthquakes each year in western Canada” (Lyons, 2013). The most seismic earthquakes happen on the shore of Vancouver Island. Recently there have been many fault lines discovered in British Columbia that could lead to very dangerous natural disasters. Looking back at the history of the fault lines, specific complications, and what could happen next in the future, we will be well informed of the reasons for geological faults as we compare data and realize what is to come. The earliest known earthquake to be recorded that happened on the west coast of Canada happened in the M9 Cascadia Subduction Zone. On January 26, 1700 a fault line running through undersea Cascadia “ruptured along a 1000 km length, from mid Vancouver Island to northern California in a great earthquake” (The M9 Cascadia, 2013). This created a colossal amount of damage and a huge tsunami was formed as well which went across the Pacific Ocean. On the Richter Magnitude Scale, the M9 earthquake was a 9 which meant that there was great damage to buildings, near to total destruction, and many unfortunate casualties. On December 14, 1872...
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...The earthquake and the tsunami on the Indian Ocean (2004) On 26th of December 2004, the most horrible nightmare came true for the people living in the countries located on the Indian Ocean; Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, India, Sri Lanka and the Maldives. It’s one of those episodes that still are remembered today and are in the back of people’s minds. It was series of underground-earthquakes that were triggered, and the first and the most powerful earthquake at magnitude 9,3 on the Richter’s scale. It began 7:58 AM (Indonesia’s time). The earthquake was starting, and Jakarta’s geophysics institute registered it at magnitude 6.5 at the Richter’s scale. The United States Geological Survey reported the magnitude was at 8.1, but after analyses it was then increased to 8.5, afterwards 8.9, and at the end 9.0. After 16 minutes, a warning was published by Hawaii. The biggest disaster struck after 30 minutes, though, when strong waves (that were up to 10 meters high) began hitting the west coast of Sumatra. Only 1 to 2 hours later, the waves came to Thailand, south Myanmar and parts of Malaysia. In Sri Lanka, the waves came 1 to 2 hours after the earthquake. The waves that hit Maldives 4 hours later were not as strong, though… they were still stronger than the waves that hit Kenya, Somalia and Tanzania 6 to 7 hours thereafter. Like I mentioned, the earthquake was first measured at 6.5 at the Richter’s scale, but at the end (after analyses), it was measured at 9.3. The hypocenter...
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...TSUNAMIS * A tsunami is a very long ocean wave generated by sudden displacement of the sea floor or of the oceanic mass * The displacement of an equivalent volume of water generates the tsunami * A tsunami is harmless until it approaches the coastline * The most prone areas are those associated with earthquakes and volcanoes (mainly subduction zones) * Compared to normal ocean waves which may be about 100m, the wavelengths of large tsunami waves can exceed 200km * Tsunamis travel very quickly relative to normal ocean waves * Particularly the case in open water where velocities increase with water depth * Distant: As a wave propagates across the ocean, there is time to warn people * Local: But in a subduction zone where the tsunami is generated, there is very little warning time (15-30 minutes) * In shallow water, the tsunami waves pile up as a result velocities and wavelengths decrease, but at the same time, amplitudes can increase enormously * Due to its long wavelength, it may take a long time for a tsunami wave to crest * Wave runup – depends on several factors water depth, sea floor profile, shape of the coastline * Leads to wave heights which are highly variable (hard thing to predict) * To reduce tsunami impacts, planting of trees can be very useful * Causes of tsunamis – ALL involve displacement of water * Earthquakes * Mainly vertical crustal movements * In general, the...
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...Remembering Tsunami 2004: Phuket bounces back from disaster Asia | The Star Online Remembering Tsunami 2004: Phuket bounces back from disaster by stephen fein Just as popular: The Phi Phi Islands were badly devastated by the tsunami waves but recovered very quickly. Koh Phi Phi is pictured above, 10 years on. — Phuket Gazette/The Nation Tourism industry insiders who have monitored trends in the Phuket tourism industry over the past 10 years describe the recovery after the worst natural disaster to ever hit the region as ‘remarkable’. THAI tourism industry icon Wichit Na Ranong, managing director of the luxurious Indigo Pearl resort at Nai Yang Beach in Phuket, says, “I would say we had a very fast recovery after the tsunami. In fact, I think it may be the fastest recovery ever anywhere after a disaster of this kind. I think the industry had almost recovered after two years and was fully back to normal after three, with continuous progress after that.” Asked if there are still fears among tourists of another tsunami, he says, “Not at all. After just a few years, any such fears just faded from people’s minds.” A series of “tourism road shows” abroad and good cooperation among local and national authorities also helped assuage any such concerns, he says. Wichit says that it is still difficult to think back on some of the things he had witnessed after what he describes as a “tragic, tragic event”. Like most people in Phuket, he didn’t even know what a “tsunami” was until...
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...Physics of Natural Disasters: Tsunamis Abstract This paper will be focusing on the physics generated from natural disasters. The specific natural disaster that will be focused on in this essay is tsunami waves. The paper will explain various ways that tsunamis may be generated which can even happen from the results of another natural disaster, the damage that tsunamis can cause as it hits land, and of course the physics in the tsunami’s waves relative to the damages. Most of the information for this paper will be taken from a study of the physics of tsunamis by the University of Washington, an explanation of the equations for tsunami waves and a few other sites mainly as visionary evidence. Formulas to better help understand the tsunamis and damage capabilities will be provided as well as photographic imagery so the formulas and information can be better related by actual visionary evidence of the tsunami and the destructive force that comes from the tsunami as contact is made with land. Photos will be numbered for reference through the essay and will appear in the end for reference. Tsunamis are one of the world’s most dangerous and a commonly formed natural disaster needing only a build up into a wall of water forced by other natural disasters such as earthquakes, landslides, and volcanic eruptions. These cause the waves to become vertically displaced and they begin to form into much larger waves due to gravitational influence as the water attempts to find its equilibrium...
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...Karanth Dr. Kamla Menon and Ms. A. Venkatachalam Ms. Balaka Dey Shri Hemang Karelia Ms. Malini Narayanan Coordinator: Ms. Sugandh Sharma, Education Officer, CBSE. Price: Published By: The Secretary, Central Board of Secondary Education, ‘Shiksha Kendra’, 2, Community Centre, Preet Vihar, Delhi-110 092 Design, Layout & Illustration By: Spectrum Media, 3721/5, IInd Floor, New Delhi-110 002 Phone : 011-23272562 Printed By: Contents Foreword For Students Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Introduction Tsunami – The killer sea waves Survival Skills Alternative Communication Systems…..during disasters Safe Construction Practices Sharing Responsibilities Planning Ahead 1 7 13 28 33 45 52 (iii) Foreword The recent massive earthquake of magnitude 8.6, which hit Indonesia (off the West Coast of Northern Sumatra) on 26th December at 06:28 hrs, was the biggest in 40 years which has triggered the deadly tsunami waves in Southeast Asia and coastal India. Another...
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... Is the disaster affected by surface or deep ocean currents? If so, how? SCI 209 Week 4 Learning Team Assignment Outline Begin working on the final Week Five assignment, NOAA Activity Final Section: Marine Adaptations. Create an outline of your presentation topics. This may be completed in Microsoft Word or in the Outline view inside of PowerPoint. Waves which are mainly caused by wind travel in little circles or orbs. Waves decrease in velocity as they enter the shore. The top of the wave is called a crest and the bottom is called a trough. The wave crest which will break as it enters the shore. You will view that in this week's animation. Surface waves should not be confused with Tsunamis or tidal waves. Those are caused by the energy of Earthquakes or other natural disasters. They are massive amounts of water moving out in every direction. Watch the animation, Ocean Circulation, located in your Week Four area of your Materials section. What is the pattern of circulation in the four major ocean basins? What are the main surface circulat...
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...Lessons Learned A triple disaster occurred on March 11, 2011 in japan. On this date Japan suffered not only an earthquake but a resulting tsunami and nuclear disaster that caused extremely unsafe conditions for Japan’s citizens. On the day of March 11, 2011 an earthquake with a magnitude of 9.0 struck Tohoku with great aggression which lead to an enormous Tsunami that devastated large areas of japan. Not only did the earthquake cause massive destruction to the island, it also caused a nuclear disaster that we still don't realize the effects that it caused. As a result of this disaster, japan has learned some very valuable lessons. One lesson that japan learned is make use of cloud computing. After japan’s tsunami, most of their data stored on servers was destroyed due to water damage. From recent speculation japan decided to take advantage of cloud computing so that if another disaster were to occur they would still have access to their data from a different location in the world. Another lesson Japan learned was that natural disaster can be very overbearing and they should not be underestimated and should be taken with precautions, Sea walls are meant to decrease damage not fully protect you. If japan’s citizens knew this fact they could have taken further actions to protect themselves and their family and friends. In the future japan can learn from these mistakes and takes actions and precautions faster so that lives can be saved. Another lesson learned is that there...
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...Japan Earthquake 2011 Facts about the earthquake * A massive 9.0-magnitude earthquake struck Japan, Friday afternoon, on 11 March 2011 at 0546 GMT * The quake was centered 130 kilometers to the east of Sendai. * A tsunami was sent crashing into the country’s north-eastern coast. * It was originally reported at a magnitude of 7.9, but later was upgraded to 8.9 and then to a 9.0. * It lasted 6 minutes. * That makes it the fifth largest recorded worldwide since 1900, according to the U.S. Geological Service, larger than the 7.9-magnitude Great Kanto Earthquake that devastated Tokyo in 1923 or the 6.8 magnitude quake that hit Kobe in 1995. * It had 10,000 times more energy than the magnitude 6.3 earthquake in Christchurch, New Zealand, which struck 17 days earlier The Cause * Japan is located on the east edge of the Eurasian Plate. * The oceanic Pacific Plate subducts the Eurasian Plate. * This plate margin is “destructive” – it is not a smooth process, friction is present and the plates stick. * When the plates stick, tension builds up. * When this pressure builds up and is released, it causes a rapid shift in the plates and a lot of energy to be release, in this case about the same as the annual energy output of the UK. Impact * Japan was largely prepared for the earthquake and many buildings remained standing afterwards...
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...On March 11th 2011 a magnitude 9.0 earthquake known as the Great East Japan Earthquake struck off the east coast of japan. It sparked a level 7 nuclear meltdown at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant, according to the International Nuclear Event scale (INES) it remains one of the most severe accidents in history. The Nuclear Accident Independent Investigation Commission (NAIC) concludes the meltdown at Fukushima Daiichi was preventable, deeming it as a “manmade” disaster. On the other hand, several organizations, including Tokyo Electric Power Company (TEPCO), claim the incident was caused by "unprecedented natural disasters" and therefore was inescapable due to the unpredictability of the weather. Throughout this essay will attempt to answer the question: Did Tokyo Electric Power Company take appropriate safety precautions at Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant, or was the nuclear meltdown preventable? In order to assess whether or not TEPCO was at fault for the accident at Fukushima we must first acknowledge what happened when the Great East Japan Earthquake struck, and therefore discus the...
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...numerous problems that would certainly cause problems for us. The population of Kava consisted of 50% of the individuals were under the age of 15 as well as several different languages including English, Spanish and French. Another fact was the economy being mostly petroleum, coffee, cocoa, spices, bananas, tourism, fishing and natural gas which proved there was not much competition in the truck accessory field. This normally would be a great thing but considering that over half the population being under the age of 15 we had to question what kind of need there would be for truck accessories. The main concern to us was that the country of Kava had numerous disaster threats including Tidal waves, tsunami, typhoons, hurricanes, tornadoes, floods, volcanic eruptions, earthquakes etc. These disasters were the main cause of why Kava was so unappealing. Now with all of...
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...numerous problems that would certainly cause problems for us. The population of Kava consisted of 50% of the individuals were under the age of 15 as well as several different languages including English, Spanish and French. Another fact was the economy being mostly petroleum, coffee, cocoa, spices, bananas, tourism, fishing and natural gas which proved there was not much competition in the truck accessory field. This normally would be a great thing but considering that over half the population being under the age of 15 we had to question what kind of need there would be for truck accessories. The main concern to us was that the country of Kava had numerous disaster threats including Tidal waves, tsunami, typhoons, hurricanes, tornadoes, floods, volcanic eruptions, earthquakes etc. These disasters were the main cause of why Kava was so...
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...The 1960 Chile earthquake, also known as the 1960 Valdivia earthquake was the single most powerful earthquake ever recorded. The event took place in May 22 1960 during the afternoon (19:11 GMT). It lasted for 10 minutes during which it caused serious damage. The epicenter was located near a small town called Lumaco. The Valdivia earthquake was part of a series of quakes that battered Chile between May 21 and June 6. The catastrophic event had serious consequences. It triggered numerous natural disasters including landslides, tsunamis and seiches. Out of all of these the tsunamis caused the most damage as they reached far and wide. Affecting not only southern Chile but also Hawaii, Japan, the Philippines, China, eastern New Zealand, southeast...
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...there are many forces of nature containing huge destructing power. Tornadoes, floods, earthquakes, storms, hurricanes or even volcanic eruptions are taking place all around the globe at a given point in time. One of these most destructive natural disasters is named as Tsunami. The word Tsunami is of Japanese origin meaning harbor waves. However, that Tsunami name is discouraged by many scientists claiming that Tsunamis are not tidal waves and are not caused by tides. Tsunami strikes have number of causes out of which the most common cause is “earthquake or a shift in the Earth’s tectonic plates. It is a wave of ocean caused by an earthquake, sometimes these waves are high, but not in all cases (Bryant, 2014). The enormous amount of water is taken by Tsunami to towns that destroy everything in its way. Tsunamis are also caused by underwater volcanic eruptions. The explosion that takes place under the water can cause gas and dust during eruption. Similarly earthquake under the water causes the great waves by pushing the large volumes of water to the surface above. Earthquake or volcanic eruption under water can cause pressure to be released into a large body of water and shifts Entire Ocean as well. This huge surge of water is then pushed up towards the nearest land. Usually earthquakes that occur on the seafloor or in the coastal areas cause Tsunamis. The energy that is generated by the earthquake is then transmitted through the water causing twelve inches sea waves (generally)...
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...said to be plentiful. Kava also has an abundance of natural gas which is an invaluable resource to some countries and they will pay well for it. One of the most promising qualities of Kava however is the inexpensive yet high quality labor that the country has to offer. Fifty percent of the population is over 15 years old and speaks English as well as some of the other languages that are indigenous to Kava. Their skill set and their eagerness to learn and bring a better quality of life to Kava is a desired skill set to any company. It will mean hard workers. Now the shareholders are very concerned about some of the aspects of putting down roots in Kava. For instance there is always the threat of natural disasters such as, tidal waves, tsunamis, typhoons, hurricanes, tornadoes, floods, fires volcanic eruptions,...
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