...COMBINED CIVIL SERVICES - I Group I Services (Preliminary Examination) General Studies - Degree standard Objective type - 200 items – 300 Marks UNIT – I - General science : Physics - Universe - General Scientific laws - Scientific instruments - Inventions and discoveries-National scientific laboratories-Science glossary-Mechanics and properties of matter-Physical quantities, standards and units-Force, motion and energy- electricity and Magnetism - electronics & communications - Heat, light and sound-Atomic and nuclear physics-Solid State Physics-Spectroscopy – Geophysics - Astronomy and space science. Chemistry - Elements and Compounds-Acids, bases and salts - Oxidation and reduction – Chemistry of ores and metals -Carbon, nitrogen and their compounds-Fertilizers, pesticides, insecticides-Biochemistry and biotechnology-Electrochemistry-Polymers and plastics Botany - Main Concepts of life science-The cell-basic unit of life-Classification of living organism-Nutrition and dietetics-Respiration-Excretion of metabolic waste-Biocommunication Zoology - Blood and blood circulation-Endocrine system-Reproductive system-Genetics the science of heredity-Environment, ecology, health and hygiene, Bio- diversity and its conservation-Human diseases, prevention and remedies-Communicable diseases and non- communicable diseases-Alcoholism and drug abuse-Animals, plants and human lifeUNIT - II. Current Events History - Latest diary of events – National -...
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...Divyansh Saxena Address:7/C Badrinath, AnushaktiNagar Mumbai 400094 Maharashtra, India ❖ SUMMARY A Computer Engineering Undergraduate with a keen interest in practical applications and seeking a career where a background in problem-solving would be advantageous. ❖ EXPERIENCE Intern, De La Salle University Manila, Philippines — June 2013 - July 2013 (2 Months) ● ● ● Worked as Program Design Team member. Researched on the efficiency of Red Cross Society of Philippines in rescue operations and relief operations. Researched about technology for better infrastructure and early warning systems against Natural Disasters. Involved in making Disaster Management strategies to decrease the impact of natural disasters which kill thousands of people every year in Philippines. Contact Number:+91 9833169865 Email Id:divyanshvasu@gmail.com ● Intern, ThinkLabs Technosolutions Pvt. Ltd. SINE IIT Bombay Mumb ai, Maharashtra, India — Jan 2013 (1 Month) ● Project I : Established wireless communication using CC2500. Interfaced CC2500 to Atmega16 and Computer. Configured it to operate in different modes. Transmitting and receiving multi-byte data between microcontroller and computer. Used Accelerometer and wireless communication for Swarm robotics.( Level 3 Robotics ) ● Project II : Fire Extinguishing Robot Used "Atmega16" as the micro-controller. Attached Line detection Sensor and Infrared Sensor to it. Used fan for extinguishing purpose. When robot senses infrared radiation...
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...Introduction Environmental pollution is a multi-disciplinary science involving chemistry, physics, life science, agriculture, medical science, public health, sanitary engineering etc. In broader sense, it is the study of the sources, reactions, transport, effect and fate of chemical species in the air, water and soil and the effect of human activity upon these. Pollutant: A substance present in nature, in greater than natural abundance due to human activity, which ultimately has a detrimental effect on the environment and therefrom on living organisms and mankind. Examples are- lead, mercury, sulphur dioxide, carbon monoxide, etc. Contaminant: A material which does not occur in nature, but is introduced by human activity into the environment, affecting its composition. A contaminant is classified as a pollutant when it exerts a detrimental effect. Example- chlorine gas Types of Pollution Air Causes of air pollution: * motor vehicle exhaust * power stations * car manufacturing * fertilizer factories * demolishing buildings * solvent evaporation * volcanic eruption * building roads * forest fires Effect of air pollution: Global warming, acid rain, smog, ozone depletion are some effects of air pollution Water Causes of water pollution: * man-made chemicals used in farming * heavy metals * waste from factories * sediment from the river bed * air pollution * thermal (heat) pollution * soil pollution from rubbish...
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...Disaster Recovery Information Technology: Disaster Recovery Abstract The intent of this research paper is to capture the over view of the systems functionality of disaster recover, what it is and how it works. It will explore the benefits, as well as the disadvantageous of the system, what is most significant about the system. Lastly I will share my own assessment of the system, concluding whether this system had been rendered effective for its purpose. Information Technology: Disaster Recovery Information Technology is extremely crucial in today’s business world. In fact, businesses use information technology too quickly and effectively process information, Carlson 1998. Within these businesses, employees use these advanced technologies in which to communicate. Electronic data interchange is used to transmit data. This serves a purpose of transmitting orders and payments from one company to another. With electric data interchange in mind, servers process an immense amount of data. For a business to be rendered effective, a disaster recovery plan should be develop in correlation with the priorities of the business. As noted, due to the rapid growth technology, planning strategies should be refined overtime to maintain its vigilant awareness to keep up with modern technology. Overview A disaster recovery plan is a process in which to secure intellectual property. Disaster Recovery planning involves procedures to recover, as well as, maintain accountability of a...
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...God is an all-powerful, all-knowing, and good God. He is also eternal and Omni-present. His existence was proven through faith and miracles. The idea of a perfect being has been converted into a source of disbelief and controversy. The idea of anything beyond the supernatural or spiritual make it very difficult for those to believe its authenticity, especially in Western societies. However, Jesus Christ is a vital figure in history. More books have been written about Christ than any other person (Maldonado). Today those who are antagonistic would claim that The Big Bang Theory is what formed the Universe; living creatures, time itself, and everything else along with it. They would also bring to light how natural selection and evolution exist. For antagonists and or atheist the world was created by a chain of reactions. If an event where to happen it was caused by something outside itself. There is no actual evidence to the singular causational reaction that is what created the universe. The same could be said about evolution, Darwin himself could not answer his own question. Despite the fact that he made such an impact in science the question remained “How did evolution occur?”. Or how an animalistic brain...
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...Andrew Erbland RELS 376-02 Science, Religion, and Their Relationship To describe the relationship between science and religion, I must first define the two individually. To me, science is a systematic process of making observations through experiments and evaluating the results to draw conclusions. It uses a specific method in which one first poses a question. Then with research and other information, a hypothesis is constructed to be tested with repetition. The results will indicate whether the hypothesis is true or not. If false, the data collected is recycled to form a new hypothesis for testing again. This process insures that all information and facts are collected first and then are used to construct scientific laws and theories. For if a theory is constructed first and then backed by correlating data, then it is not science at all. Science uses the totality of the circumstances to draw these conclusions and does not pretend to confirm laws that can not be proven. Religion on the other hand does not hold such a factual process to avoid false judgments. Much of its foundation is based on faith and belief in what is passed down generationally, typically containing a view that some superhuman or divine power has developed what we see and interact with around us. It is often difficult to distinguish the so-called right belief because nothing can be proven by objective observations or factual events. I’ve come to agree with William James’s definition of religion as what...
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...Principles of Environmental Science Pamela Ram Bharwani ENV/100 07/08/2013 Angila Romious principles of environmental science Study shows that Environmental science is how different element of the environment interact; which is the chemical, biological, and the physical'. it has three main fundamental sets of component which is physical ( energy of something), chemical ( substance, man-made or natural), biological ( living things). Various aspects of physics , biology, hydrology, chemistry , economics, other social sciences and law and topical environmental issues like climate change, soil contamination, conservation, ozone depletion, groundwater, use of natural resources, waste management, air and noise pollution , encompasses within environmental science. it's a research involving air, soil, food and water to better understand the environment and protect it. it's a work that basically performs in a private, governmental and public organization monitoring waste disposal, it include technical proposals and writing risk assessment . The relationship between science and technology affect environmental problems and solutions in today’s society in a lot of different ways. It usually goes like this: Someone uses the power of science to create a very nice thing that causes unintended environmental problems, for example: a car. If enough or a lot of people care about that problem, then again someone will use the power of science, to make something to fix or reduce...
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...20th Century were mainly Leftists, whether simply liberal, socialist, or actually Marxist. The major characteristic of the Left is optimism about Man's nature, the belief that Man is fundamentally good but has been corrupted by an overbearing and unfairly hierarchical economic system. Snow argues that the gulf that exists between science and his version of "intellectuals" is a result of scientists’ total disregard for traditional culture and the "intellectuals’" denial to look at what the natural world might teach us about possible problems with that culture. Snow notes, as late as say the 1850s, any sensibly well-educated, well-read, inquisitive man could speak intelligently about both science and the arts. Man knew little enough that it was still conceivable for one to know nearly everything that was known and to have been subjected to all religions, arts, history and culture in general. With the pure science revolution of which Snow spoke, chemistry, biology and most importantly physics, unexpectedly a great deal of particular training and education was a necessity before one...
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...C YBER-PHYSIC AL-SOCIAL SYS TE MS Editor: Daniel Zeng, University of Arizona, zeng@email.arizona.edu Harnessing the Crowdsourcing Power of Social Media for Disaster Relief Huiji Gao and Geoffrey Barbier, Arizona State University Rebecca Goolsby, US Office of Naval Research S ocial media has recently played a critical role in natural disasters as an informa- tion propagator that can be leveraged for disaster relief. After the catastrophic Haiti earthquake on 12 January 2010, people published numerous texts and photos about their personal experiences during the earthquake via social media sites such as Twitter, Flickr, Facebook, and blogs, and videos were posted on YouTube. In just 48 hours, the Red Cross received US$8 million in donations directly from texts,1 which exemplifies one benefit of the powerful propagation capability of social media sites. Survivors also use social media sites to keep in touch with the world after a disaster. The jammed mobile phone network in Japan caused by the recent tsunami and earthquake made it difficult for people to communicate with each other. In response, they used Twitter, Facebook, Skype, and local Japanese social networks to communicate and keep in touch with their loved ones.2 Although social media can positively impact disaster relief efforts, it does not provide an inherent coordination capability for easily coordinating and sharing information, resources, and plans among disparate relief organizations...
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...burning Savannas to enhance hunting, and planted fruit and nut trees. Also, Paleo-Indians planted crops, known as peach palm, and plants used for medicinal purposes. Different groups would contribute to the construction of the buildings around and making ways to travel, such as roads. (Smith). Europeans were able to achieve dominance by having their people settling, sending their armies out to conquer nations, and having their merchants engage in trading. Europeans had a scientific superiority in the Sixteenth century in medicine, chemistry, and physics. Indigenous population also played a factor in the European dominance. Diseases, mainly smallpox and the flu, killed many people; in addition to villages being attacked along with slave raids. Each of those events caused a large amount of loss of lives (Smith). I think that groups of people could disappear due to factors such as village attacks, or wars, and diseases. Natural disasters may also have an impact such as it did with the Olmec. After volcanic eruptions, traces of the Olmec had disappeared and they no longer remained in their particular territory. However, it is not...
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...people have often questioned the meaning of life, how the universe was created and the purpose for the wildlife and creatures that roam the earth. These things often lead us to question the existence of God. In order to even begin to answer these complex questions, we must uncover the source of all of these occurrences. In this paper, I will discuss the issue of Gods existence; present one basic dispute and clarify the arguments on multiple sides of this issue. I will structure an argument that supports the side of the issue I find to be better defended while explaining why I find my side of this debate stronger. In conclusion, I will state my own view and defend it with an argument. Does god exist, or did the “Big Bang theory” or other natural theories play a role? Even though it is absolutely impossible to prove Gods existence, I personally believe that the presence of God is so evident; we do not need solid proof to verify that he is our creator. When it comes to the issue of Gods existence, everyone has his or her own view of whom or what “God” really is. Some people believe that there is one God while others believe in multiple gods or even goddesses. Most believers do not feel that it is necessary to prove that God exists however; there are others that believe that it is essential to provide proof since there is no scientific evidence of his existence. People are often skeptical when it comes to this issue since God cannot be seen. This dispute often raises...
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...The collapse of the Tacoma Narrow Bridge was a disaster back in the 1940 that is still known to many today. Many physicists have attributed the collapse of the bridge to forced resonance of the mechanical oscillator – where the wind has provided a source of periodic frequency that has tallied the natural frequency of the bridge. (Scanlan, 1990) In fact, there were multiple arguments that have led physicists to conclude that the tragedy was a result of resonance. Although this reasoning has existed for the past few decades and was agreed by physicists, many engineers have found out that such argument was mischaracterised. One of the reasons was that the frequency of the bridge (under 42 mph wind) was 1Hz, which was not close to the actual frequency (0.2Hz) observed during the tragedy. The Van Karman Vortex Street would not be able to result in resonant behaviour on the day of the collapse. There are many more arguments that were supported by different physicists and in this paper, these explanations will be highlighted and evaluated. Some physicists have come up with an argument that attributed such tragedy to...
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...the resources our mother nature offers us. From ancient times, nature is human’s best friend and greatest foe. Human is suffering from natural disaster. Meanwhile, many of our daily essentials, such as water and food, are obtained from the nature. In my view, the relationship between man and nature has evolved from ages to ages. To examine the relation, I believe we should first inspect on the advancement of human understanding towards nature. The explanation towards natural phenomena starts from supernatural power. At ancient times, human understanding towards nature was limited, thus resulted in belief of deity. Ancient Greeks used different deity to explain astronomy and natural phenomenon, for instance, Zeus is the God of thunder, Apollo is the God of sun and light, while Poseidon is the God of ocean. Also, different Heroes and Heroine are involved in respective horoscopes. Greeks were not alone. Various primordial civilizations also reflected their incapability of understanding nature in creating deity and idols. J: It is indeed true. As a sinologist, I take the Chinese civilization as an example. The Classic of Mountains and Seas1 is an early classic dated around 4th century B.C. 1 山海經 Yam 2 in China, which recorded many myths and it reflects that supernatural power was common in explaining unknown or unexplained natural phenomena. (“The classic of Mountain and sea”)...
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...Promoting a healthy environment for children Introduction In a society people of different age limit dwells. Children are the most junior part of the society. Today’s children are tomorrow’s young and aged generation. Children are just like seed of nature tree. For building solid, sound and healthy nation, sound and healthy children are must. So children’s health is very much concerning issue not only for a country but also for whole. Throughout the world children are suffering from malnutrition and carious diseases. They are not only struggling with physical fitness but also from psychological health. Wars, domestic violence, family quarrels, increase in broken families are impacting very several on children mind. This is time to become conscious about children’s physical and psychological health ensuring rights of the children in order to developing children’s health. Task 1 1.1 The ways that support the different types of relevant legislation support the right of children to a healthy lifestyle: Legislation regarding child care: Child Care is very common term used in relation to healthy environment of children. Child care encompasses physical, psychological or mental, social, environmental care for children. There should be a structured format regarding that physical, psychological or mental, social, environmental condition. When there is legislation regarding each of those perspective conditions, then a structured format is automatically established. All of that...
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...Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into the natural environment that cause adverse change.[1] Pollution can take the form of chemical substances or energy, such as noise, heat or light. Pollutants, the components of pollution, can be either foreign substances/energies or naturally occurring contaminants. Pollution is often classed as point source or nonpoint source pollution. Today, it is becoming a serious crime to pollute the air and water. ------------------------------------------------- Forms of pollution The major forms of pollution are listed below along with the particular contaminant relevant to each of them: * Air pollution:- the release of chemicals and particulates into the atmosphere. Common gaseous pollutants include carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and nitrogen oxides produced by industry and motor vehicles. Photochemical ozone and smog are created as nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons react to sunlight. Particulate matter, or fine dust is characterized by their micrometre size PM10 to PM2.5. * Light pollution:- includes light trespass, over-illumination and astronomical interference. * Littering:- the criminal throwing of inappropriate man-made objects, unremoved, onto public and private properties. * Noise pollution:- which encompasses roadway noise, aircraft noise, industrial noise as well as high-intensity sonar. * Soil contamination occurs when chemicals are released by spill or underground leakage...
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